diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 1a674cd..a747639 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -19,12 +19,11 @@ checksum = "f26201604c87b1e01bd3d98f8d5d9a8fcbb815e8cedb41ffccbeb4bf593a35fe"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ahash"
-version = "0.8.6"
+version = "0.8.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "91429305e9f0a25f6205c5b8e0d2db09e0708a7a6df0f42212bb56c32c8ac97a"
+checksum = "e89da841a80418a9b391ebaea17f5c112ffaaa96f621d2c285b5174da76b9011"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "const-random",
  "getrandom",
  "once_cell",
  "version_check",
@@ -78,9 +77,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstream"
-version = "0.6.4"
+version = "0.6.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2ab91ebe16eb252986481c5b62f6098f3b698a45e34b5b98200cf20dd2484a44"
+checksum = "d96bd03f33fe50a863e394ee9718a706f988b9079b20c3784fb726e7678b62fb"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
  "anstyle-parse",
@@ -92,280 +91,106 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle"
-version = "1.0.4"
+version = "1.0.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7079075b41f533b8c61d2a4d073c4676e1f8b249ff94a393b0595db304e0dd87"
+checksum = "8901269c6307e8d93993578286ac0edf7f195079ffff5ebdeea6a59ffb7e36bc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-parse"
-version = "0.2.2"
+version = "0.2.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "317b9a89c1868f5ea6ff1d9539a69f45dffc21ce321ac1fd1160dfa48c8e2140"
+checksum = "c75ac65da39e5fe5ab759307499ddad880d724eed2f6ce5b5e8a26f4f387928c"
 dependencies = [
  "utf8parse",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-query"
-version = "1.0.0"
+version = "1.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ca11d4be1bab0c8bc8734a9aa7bf4ee8316d462a08c6ac5052f888fef5b494b"
+checksum = "e28923312444cdd728e4738b3f9c9cac739500909bb3d3c94b43551b16517648"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anstyle-wincon"
-version = "3.0.1"
+version = "3.0.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f0699d10d2f4d628a98ee7b57b289abbc98ff3bad977cb3152709d4bf2330628"
+checksum = "1cd54b81ec8d6180e24654d0b371ad22fc3dd083b6ff8ba325b72e00c87660a7"
 dependencies = [
  "anstyle",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "anyhow"
-version = "1.0.75"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a4668cab20f66d8d020e1fbc0ebe47217433c1b6c8f2040faf858554e394ace6"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrayref"
-version = "0.3.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6b4930d2cb77ce62f89ee5d5289b4ac049559b1c45539271f5ed4fdc7db34545"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrayvec"
-version = "0.7.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "96d30a06541fbafbc7f82ed10c06164cfbd2c401138f6addd8404629c4b16711"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow"
-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7fab9e93ba8ce88a37d5a30dce4b9913b75413dc1ac56cb5d72e5a840543f829"
-dependencies = [
- "ahash",
- "arrow-arith",
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-cast",
- "arrow-csv",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-ipc",
- "arrow-json",
- "arrow-ord",
- "arrow-row",
- "arrow-schema",
- "arrow-select",
- "arrow-string",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow-arith"
-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc1d4e368e87ad9ee64f28b9577a3834ce10fe2703a26b28417d485bbbdff956"
-dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "chrono",
- "half",
- "num",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow-array"
-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d02efa7253ede102d45a4e802a129e83bcc3f49884cab795b1ac223918e4318d"
-dependencies = [
- "ahash",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "chrono",
- "chrono-tz",
- "half",
- "hashbrown",
- "num",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow-buffer"
-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "fda119225204141138cb0541c692fbfef0e875ba01bfdeaed09e9d354f9d6195"
-dependencies = [
- "bytes",
- "half",
- "num",
-]
-
-[[package]]
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-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1d825d51b9968868d50bc5af92388754056796dbc62a4e25307d588a1fc84dee"
-dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "arrow-select",
- "chrono",
- "comfy-table",
- "half",
- "lexical-core",
- "num",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow-csv"
-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "43ef855dc6b126dc197f43e061d4de46b9d4c033aa51c2587657f7508242cef1"
-dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-cast",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "chrono",
- "csv",
- "csv-core",
- "lazy_static",
- "lexical-core",
- "regex",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow-data"
-version = "47.0.0"
+version = "1.0.80"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "475a4c3699c8b4095ca61cecf15da6f67841847a5f5aac983ccb9a377d02f73a"
-dependencies = [
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-schema",
- "half",
- "num",
-]
+checksum = "5ad32ce52e4161730f7098c077cd2ed6229b5804ccf99e5366be1ab72a98b4e1"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-ipc"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "argminmax"
+version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1248005c8ac549f869b7a840859d942bf62471479c1a2d82659d453eebcd166a"
+checksum = "202108b46429b765ef483f8a24d5c46f48c14acfdacc086dd4ab6dddf6bcdbd2"
 dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-cast",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "flatbuffers",
+ "num-traits",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-json"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "array-init-cursor"
+version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f03d7e3b04dd688ccec354fe449aed56b831679f03e44ee2c1cfc4045067b69c"
-dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-cast",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "chrono",
- "half",
- "indexmap",
- "lexical-core",
- "num",
- "serde",
- "serde_json",
-]
+checksum = "bf7d0a018de4f6aa429b9d33d69edf69072b1c5b1cb8d3e4a5f7ef898fc3eb76"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-ord"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "async-stream"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "03b87aa408ea6a6300e49eb2eba0c032c88ed9dc19e0a9948489c55efdca71f4"
+checksum = "cd56dd203fef61ac097dd65721a419ddccb106b2d2b70ba60a6b529f03961a51"
 dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "arrow-select",
- "half",
- "num",
+ "async-stream-impl",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-row"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "async-stream-impl"
+version = "0.3.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "114a348ab581e7c9b6908fcab23cb39ff9f060eb19e72b13f8fb8eaa37f65d22"
+checksum = "16e62a023e7c117e27523144c5d2459f4397fcc3cab0085af8e2224f643a0193"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash",
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "half",
- "hashbrown",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-schema"
-version = "47.0.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5d1d179c117b158853e0101bfbed5615e86fe97ee356b4af901f1c5001e1ce4b"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "arrow-select"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "async-trait"
+version = "0.1.77"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d5c71e003202e67e9db139e5278c79f5520bb79922261dfe140e4637ee8b6108"
+checksum = "c980ee35e870bd1a4d2c8294d4c04d0499e67bca1e4b5cefcc693c2fa00caea9"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash",
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "num",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "arrow-string"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "atoi"
+version = "2.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c4cebbb282d6b9244895f4a9a912e55e57bce112554c7fa91fcec5459cb421ab"
+checksum = "f28d99ec8bfea296261ca1af174f24225171fea9664ba9003cbebee704810528"
 dependencies = [
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-schema",
- "arrow-select",
- "num",
- "regex",
- "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
+ "num-traits",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "async-trait"
-version = "0.1.74"
+name = "atoi_simd"
+version = "0.15.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a66537f1bb974b254c98ed142ff995236e81b9d0fe4db0575f46612cb15eb0f9"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
-]
+checksum = "9ae037714f313c1353189ead58ef9eec30a8e8dc101b2622d461418fd59e28a9"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "autocfg"
@@ -390,9 +215,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "base64"
-version = "0.21.5"
+version = "0.21.7"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "35636a1494ede3b646cc98f74f8e62c773a38a659ebc777a2cf26b9b74171df9"
+checksum = "9d297deb1925b89f2ccc13d7635fa0714f12c87adce1c75356b39ca9b7178567"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
@@ -402,44 +227,13 @@ checksum = "bef38d45163c2f1dde094a7dfd33ccf595c92905c8f8f4fdc18d06fb1037718a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.4.1"
+version = "2.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "327762f6e5a765692301e5bb513e0d9fef63be86bbc14528052b1cd3e6f03e07"
+checksum = "ed570934406eb16438a4e976b1b4500774099c13b8cb96eec99f620f05090ddf"
 dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "blake2"
-version = "0.10.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "46502ad458c9a52b69d4d4d32775c788b7a1b85e8bc9d482d92250fc0e3f8efe"
-dependencies = [
- "digest",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "blake3"
-version = "1.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0231f06152bf547e9c2b5194f247cd97aacf6dcd8b15d8e5ec0663f64580da87"
-dependencies = [
- "arrayref",
- "arrayvec",
- "cc",
- "cfg-if",
- "constant_time_eq",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "block-buffer"
-version = "0.10.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3078c7629b62d3f0439517fa394996acacc5cbc91c5a20d8c658e77abd503a71"
-dependencies = [
- "generic-array",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "brotli"
 version = "3.4.0"
@@ -463,15 +257,29 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.14.0"
+version = "3.15.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ea184aa71bb362a1157c896979544cc23974e08fd265f29ea96b59f0b4a555b"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "bytemuck"
+version = "1.14.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f30e7476521f6f8af1a1c4c0b8cc94f0bee37d91763d0ca2665f299b6cd8aec"
+checksum = "a2ef034f05691a48569bd920a96c81b9d91bbad1ab5ac7c4616c1f6ef36cb79f"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck_derive",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "byteorder"
+name = "bytemuck_derive"
 version = "1.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1fd0f2584146f6f2ef48085050886acf353beff7305ebd1ae69500e27c67f64b"
+checksum = "965ab7eb5f8f97d2a083c799f3a1b994fc397b2fe2da5d1da1626ce15a39f2b1"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "bytes"
@@ -481,11 +289,10 @@ checksum = "a2bd12c1caf447e69cd4528f47f94d203fd2582878ecb9e9465484c4148a8223"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "cc"
-version = "1.0.83"
+version = "1.0.88"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1174fb0b6ec23863f8b971027804a42614e347eafb0a95bf0b12cdae21fc4d0"
+checksum = "02f341c093d19155a6e41631ce5971aac4e9a868262212153124c15fa22d1cdc"
 dependencies = [
- "jobserver",
  "libc",
 ]
 
@@ -497,21 +304,22 @@ checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono"
-version = "0.4.31"
+version = "0.4.34"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7f2c685bad3eb3d45a01354cedb7d5faa66194d1d58ba6e267a8de788f79db38"
+checksum = "5bc015644b92d5890fab7489e49d21f879d5c990186827d42ec511919404f38b"
 dependencies = [
  "android-tzdata",
  "iana-time-zone",
  "num-traits",
- "windows-targets",
+ "serde",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "chrono-tz"
-version = "0.8.4"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e23185c0e21df6ed832a12e2bda87c7d1def6842881fb634a8511ced741b0d76"
+checksum = "d59ae0466b83e838b81a54256c39d5d7c20b9d7daa10510a242d9b75abd5936e"
 dependencies = [
  "chrono",
  "chrono-tz-build",
@@ -531,9 +339,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap"
-version = "4.4.7"
+version = "4.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ac495e00dcec98c83465d5ad66c5c4fabd652fd6686e7c6269b117e729a6f17b"
+checksum = "c918d541ef2913577a0f9566e9ce27cb35b6df072075769e0b26cb5a554520da"
 dependencies = [
  "clap_builder",
  "clap_derive",
@@ -541,9 +349,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_builder"
-version = "4.4.7"
+version = "4.5.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c77ed9a32a62e6ca27175d00d29d05ca32e396ea1eb5fb01d8256b669cec7663"
+checksum = "9f3e7391dad68afb0c2ede1bf619f579a3dc9c2ec67f089baa397123a2f3d1eb"
 dependencies = [
  "anstream",
  "anstyle",
@@ -553,21 +361,21 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_derive"
-version = "4.4.7"
+version = "4.5.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cf9804afaaf59a91e75b022a30fb7229a7901f60c755489cc61c9b423b836442"
+checksum = "307bc0538d5f0f83b8248db3087aa92fe504e4691294d0c96c0eabc33f47ba47"
 dependencies = [
  "heck",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "clap_lex"
-version = "0.6.0"
+version = "0.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "702fc72eb24e5a1e48ce58027a675bc24edd52096d5397d4aea7c6dd9eca0bd1"
+checksum = "98cc8fbded0c607b7ba9dd60cd98df59af97e84d24e49c8557331cfc26d301ce"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "colorchoice"
@@ -588,62 +396,70 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "const-random"
-version = "0.1.17"
+name = "core-foundation-sys"
+version = "0.8.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5aaf16c9c2c612020bcfd042e170f6e32de9b9d75adb5277cdbbd2e2c8c8299a"
-dependencies = [
- "const-random-macro",
-]
+checksum = "06ea2b9bc92be3c2baa9334a323ebca2d6f074ff852cd1d7b11064035cd3868f"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "const-random-macro"
-version = "0.1.16"
+name = "crc32fast"
+version = "1.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f9d839f2a20b0aee515dc581a6172f2321f96cab76c1a38a4c584a194955390e"
+checksum = "b3855a8a784b474f333699ef2bbca9db2c4a1f6d9088a90a2d25b1eb53111eaa"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
- "once_cell",
- "tiny-keccak",
+ "cfg-if",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "constant_time_eq"
-version = "0.3.0"
+name = "crossbeam-channel"
+version = "0.5.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f7144d30dcf0fafbce74250a3963025d8d52177934239851c917d29f1df280c2"
+checksum = "ab3db02a9c5b5121e1e42fbdb1aeb65f5e02624cc58c43f2884c6ccac0b82f95"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "core-foundation-sys"
-version = "0.8.4"
+name = "crossbeam-deque"
+version = "0.8.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+checksum = "613f8cc01fe9cf1a3eb3d7f488fd2fa8388403e97039e2f73692932e291a770d"
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+ "crossbeam-epoch",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
 
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+name = "crossbeam-epoch"
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+checksum = "5b82ac4a3c2ca9c3460964f020e1402edd5753411d7737aa39c3714ad1b5420e"
 dependencies = [
- "libc",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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+name = "crossbeam-queue"
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+checksum = "df0346b5d5e76ac2fe4e327c5fd1118d6be7c51dfb18f9b7922923f287471e35"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "248e3bacc7dc6baa3b21e405ee045c3047101a49145e7e9eca583ab4c2ca5345"
+
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 checksum = "f476fe445d41c9e991fd07515a6f463074b782242ccf4a5b7b1d1012e70824df"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "bitflags 2.4.2",
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  "libc",
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@@ -664,369 +480,121 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
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 dependencies = [
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- "typenum",
+ "anyhow",
+ "clap",
+ "comfy-table",
+ "home",
+ "indoc",
+ "lru",
+ "nom",
+ "polars",
+ "reedline",
+ "regex",
+ "thiserror",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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- "ryu",
- "serde",
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 [[package]]
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-dependencies = [
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+checksum = "11157ac094ffbdde99aa67b23417ebdd801842852b500e395a45a9c0aac03e4a"
 
 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "hashbrown",
- "lock_api",
  "once_cell",
- "parking_lot_core",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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+name = "equivalent"
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- "pin-project-lite",
- "rand",
- "sqlparser",
- "tempfile",
- "tokio",
- "tokio-util",
- "url",
- "uuid",
-]
+checksum = "5443807d6dff69373d433ab9ef5378ad8df50ca6298caf15de6e52e24aaf54d5"
 
 [[package]]
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- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-schema",
- "chrono",
- "half",
- "num_cpus",
- "object_store",
- "parquet",
- "sqlparser",
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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+name = "ethnum"
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- "futures",
- "hashbrown",
- "log",
- "object_store",
- "parking_lot",
- "rand",
- "tempfile",
- "url",
-]
+checksum = "b90ca2580b73ab6a1f724b76ca11ab632df820fd6040c336200d2c1df7b3c82c"
 
 [[package]]
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- "arrow-array",
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- "sqlparser",
- "strum",
- "strum_macros",
-]
+checksum = "7360491ce676a36bf9bb3c56c1aa791658183a54d2744120f27285738d90465a"
 
 [[package]]
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- "datafusion-expr",
- "datafusion-physical-expr",
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- "itertools 0.11.0",
- "log",
- "regex-syntax 0.7.5",
-]
+checksum = "95765f67b4b18863968b4a1bd5bb576f732b29a4a28c7cd84c09fa3e2875f33c"
 
 [[package]]
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- "itertools 0.11.0",
- "libc",
- "log",
- "md-5",
- "paste",
- "petgraph",
- "rand",
- "regex",
- "sha2",
- "unicode-segmentation",
- "uuid",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "rustix",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "datafusion-physical-plan"
-version = "32.0.0"
+name = "flate2"
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 dependencies = [
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- "arrow",
- "arrow-array",
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- "itertools 0.11.0",
- "log",
- "once_cell",
- "parking_lot",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "rand",
- "tokio",
- "uuid",
+ "crc32fast",
+ "miniz_oxide",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "datafusion-sql"
-version = "32.0.0"
+name = "float-cmp"
+version = "0.9.0"
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 dependencies = [
- "arrow",
- "arrow-schema",
- "datafusion-common",
- "datafusion-expr",
- "log",
- "sqlparser",
+ "num-traits",
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 [[package]]
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+name = "foreign_vec"
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- "home",
- "indoc",
- "lru",
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- "rustix",
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-
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- "rustc_version",
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-dependencies = [
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- "miniz_oxide",
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-
-[[package]]
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-checksum = "a62bc1cf6f830c2ec14a513a9fb124d0a213a629668a4186f329db21fe045652"
-dependencies = [
- "percent-encoding",
-]
+checksum = "ee1b05cbd864bcaecbd3455d6d967862d446e4ebfc3c2e5e5b9841e53cba6673"
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da0290714b38af9b4a7b094b8a37086d1b4e61f2df9122c3cad2577669145335"
+checksum = "645c6916888f6cb6350d2550b80fb63e734897a8498abe35cfb732b6487804b0"
 dependencies = [
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@@ -1039,9 +607,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ff4dd66668b557604244583e3e1e1eada8c5c2e96a6d0d6653ede395b78bbacb"
+checksum = "eac8f7d7865dcb88bd4373ab671c8cf4508703796caa2b1985a9ca867b3fcb78"
 dependencies = [
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@@ -1049,15 +617,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-core"
-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "eb1d22c66e66d9d72e1758f0bd7d4fd0bee04cad842ee34587d68c07e45d088c"
+checksum = "dfc6580bb841c5a68e9ef15c77ccc837b40a7504914d52e47b8b0e9bbda25a1d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-executor"
-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0f4fb8693db0cf099eadcca0efe2a5a22e4550f98ed16aba6c48700da29597bc"
+checksum = "a576fc72ae164fca6b9db127eaa9a9dda0d61316034f33a0a0d4eda41f02b01d"
 dependencies = [
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@@ -1066,38 +634,38 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-io"
-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8bf34a163b5c4c52d0478a4d757da8fb65cabef42ba90515efee0f6f9fa45aaa"
+checksum = "a44623e20b9681a318efdd71c299b6b222ed6f231972bfe2f224ebad6311f0c1"
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.3.29"
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-checksum = "53b153fd91e4b0147f4aced87be237c98248656bb01050b96bf3ee89220a8ddb"
+checksum = "87750cf4b7a4c0625b1529e4c543c2182106e4dedc60a2a6455e00d212c489ac"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-sink"
-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e36d3378ee38c2a36ad710c5d30c2911d752cb941c00c72dbabfb786a7970817"
+checksum = "9fb8e00e87438d937621c1c6269e53f536c14d3fbd6a042bb24879e57d474fb5"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-task"
-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "efd193069b0ddadc69c46389b740bbccdd97203899b48d09c5f7969591d6bae2"
+checksum = "38d84fa142264698cdce1a9f9172cf383a0c82de1bddcf3092901442c4097004"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "futures-util"
-version = "0.3.29"
+version = "0.3.30"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a19526d624e703a3179b3d322efec918b6246ea0fa51d41124525f00f1cc8104"
+checksum = "3d6401deb83407ab3da39eba7e33987a73c3df0c82b4bb5813ee871c19c41d48"
 dependencies = [
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  "futures-core",
@@ -1111,32 +679,24 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 
-[[package]]
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-version = "0.14.7"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "85649ca51fd72272d7821adaf274ad91c288277713d9c18820d8499a7ff69e9a"
-dependencies = [
- "typenum",
- "version_check",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "getrandom"
-version = "0.2.10"
+version = "0.2.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "be4136b2a15dd319360be1c07d9933517ccf0be8f16bf62a3bee4f0d618df427"
+checksum = "190092ea657667030ac6a35e305e62fc4dd69fd98ac98631e5d3a2b1575a12b5"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
+ "js-sys",
  "libc",
  "wasi",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "gimli"
-version = "0.28.0"
+version = "0.28.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6fb8d784f27acf97159b40fc4db5ecd8aa23b9ad5ef69cdd136d3bc80665f0c0"
+checksum = "4271d37baee1b8c7e4b708028c57d816cf9d2434acb33a549475f78c181f6253"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "glob"
@@ -1145,24 +705,33 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d2fabcfbdc87f4758337ca535fb41a6d701b65693ce38287d856d1674551ec9b"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "half"
-version = "2.3.1"
+name = "halfbrown"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bc52e53916c08643f1b56ec082790d1e86a32e58dc5268f897f313fbae7b4872"
+checksum = "5681137554ddff44396e5f149892c769d45301dd9aa19c51602a89ee214cb0ec"
 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "crunchy",
- "num-traits",
+ "hashbrown 0.13.2",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "hashbrown"
+version = "0.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43a3c133739dddd0d2990f9a4bdf8eb4b21ef50e4851ca85ab661199821d510e"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.14.2"
+version = "0.14.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f93e7192158dbcda357bdec5fb5788eebf8bbac027f3f33e719d29135ae84156"
+checksum = "290f1a1d9242c78d09ce40a5e87e7554ee637af1351968159f4952f028f75604"
 dependencies = [
  "ahash",
  "allocator-api2",
+ "rayon",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1173,9 +742,9 @@ checksum = "95505c38b4572b2d910cecb0281560f54b440a19336cbbcb27bf6ce6adc6f5a8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hermit-abi"
-version = "0.3.3"
+version = "0.3.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d77f7ec81a6d05a3abb01ab6eb7590f6083d08449fe5a1c8b1e620283546ccb7"
+checksum = "d231dfb89cfffdbc30e7fc41579ed6066ad03abda9e567ccafae602b97ec5024"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hex"
@@ -1185,24 +754,18 @@ checksum = "7f24254aa9a54b5c858eaee2f5bccdb46aaf0e486a595ed5fd8f86ba55232a70"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "home"
-version = "0.5.5"
+version = "0.5.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5444c27eef6923071f7ebcc33e3444508466a76f7a2b93da00ed6e19f30c1ddb"
+checksum = "e3d1354bf6b7235cb4a0576c2619fd4ed18183f689b12b006a0ee7329eeff9a5"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "humantime"
-version = "2.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9a3a5bfb195931eeb336b2a7b4d761daec841b97f947d34394601737a7bba5e4"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "iana-time-zone"
-version = "0.1.58"
+version = "0.1.60"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8326b86b6cff230b97d0d312a6c40a60726df3332e721f72a1b035f451663b20"
+checksum = "e7ffbb5a1b541ea2561f8c41c087286cc091e21e556a4f09a8f6cbf17b69b141"
 dependencies = [
  "android_system_properties",
  "core-foundation-sys",
@@ -1221,24 +784,14 @@ dependencies = [
  "cc",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "idna"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d20d6b07bfbc108882d88ed8e37d39636dcc260e15e30c45e6ba089610b917c"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-bidi",
- "unicode-normalization",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "indexmap"
-version = "2.0.2"
+version = "2.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8adf3ddd720272c6ea8bf59463c04e0f93d0bbf7c5439b691bca2987e0270897"
+checksum = "7b0b929d511467233429c45a44ac1dcaa21ba0f5ba11e4879e6ed28ddb4f9df4"
 dependencies = [
  "equivalent",
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1247,59 +800,46 @@ version = "2.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "1e186cfbae8084e513daff4240b4797e342f988cecda4fb6c939150f96315fd8"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "integer-encoding"
-version = "3.0.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8bb03732005da905c88227371639bf1ad885cc712789c011c31c5fb3ab3ccf02"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "itertools"
-version = "0.10.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b0fd2260e829bddf4cb6ea802289de2f86d6a7a690192fbe91b3f46e0f2c8473"
-dependencies = [
- "either",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "itertools"
-version = "0.11.0"
+version = "0.12.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b1c173a5686ce8bfa551b3563d0c2170bf24ca44da99c7ca4bfdab5418c3fe57"
+checksum = "ba291022dbbd398a455acf126c1e341954079855bc60dfdda641363bd6922569"
 dependencies = [
  "either",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "itoa"
-version = "1.0.9"
+version = "1.0.10"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "af150ab688ff2122fcef229be89cb50dd66af9e01a4ff320cc137eecc9bacc38"
+checksum = "b1a46d1a171d865aa5f83f92695765caa047a9b4cbae2cbf37dbd613a793fd4c"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "jobserver"
-version = "0.1.27"
+name = "itoap"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "8c37f63953c4c63420ed5fd3d6d398c719489b9f872b9fa683262f8edd363c7d"
-dependencies = [
- "libc",
-]
+checksum = "9028f49264629065d057f340a86acb84867925865f73bbf8d47b4d149a7e88b8"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "js-sys"
-version = "0.3.64"
+version = "0.3.68"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c5f195fe497f702db0f318b07fdd68edb16955aed830df8363d837542f8f935a"
+checksum = "406cda4b368d531c842222cf9d2600a9a4acce8d29423695379c6868a143a9ee"
 dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "lazy_static"
-version = "1.4.0"
+name = "jsonpath_lib_polars_vendor"
+version = "0.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e2abad23fbc42b3700f2f279844dc832adb2b2eb069b2df918f455c4e18cc646"
+checksum = "f4bd9354947622f7471ff713eacaabdb683ccb13bba4edccaab9860abf480b7d"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lexical-core"
@@ -1367,9 +907,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.149"
+version = "0.2.153"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a08173bc88b7955d1b3145aa561539096c421ac8debde8cbc3612ec635fee29b"
+checksum = "9c198f91728a82281a64e1f4f9eeb25d82cb32a5de251c6bd1b5154d63a8e7bd"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libm"
@@ -1379,9 +919,9 @@ checksum = "4ec2a862134d2a7d32d7983ddcdd1c4923530833c9f2ea1a44fc5fa473989058"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "linux-raw-sys"
-version = "0.4.10"
+version = "0.4.13"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "da2479e8c062e40bf0066ffa0bc823de0a9368974af99c9f6df941d2c231e03f"
+checksum = "01cda141df6706de531b6c46c3a33ecca755538219bd484262fa09410c13539c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lock_api"
@@ -1395,17 +935,17 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "log"
-version = "0.4.20"
+version = "0.4.21"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b5e6163cb8c49088c2c36f57875e58ccd8c87c7427f7fbd50ea6710b2f3f2e8f"
+checksum = "90ed8c1e510134f979dbc4f070f87d4313098b704861a105fe34231c70a3901c"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "lru"
-version = "0.12.0"
+version = "0.12.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1efa59af2ddfad1854ae27d75009d538d0998b4b2fd47083e743ac1a10e46c60"
+checksum = "d3262e75e648fce39813cb56ac41f3c3e3f65217ebf3844d818d1f9398cfb0dc"
 dependencies = [
- "hashbrown",
+ "hashbrown 0.14.3",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1429,20 +969,19 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "md-5"
-version = "0.10.6"
+name = "memchr"
+version = "2.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d89e7ee0cfbedfc4da3340218492196241d89eefb6dab27de5df917a6d2e78cf"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "digest",
-]
+checksum = "523dc4f511e55ab87b694dc30d0f820d60906ef06413f93d4d7a1385599cc149"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "memchr"
-version = "2.6.4"
+name = "memmap2"
+version = "0.7.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f665ee40bc4a3c5590afb1e9677db74a508659dfd71e126420da8274909a0167"
+checksum = "f49388d20533534cd19360ad3d6a7dadc885944aa802ba3995040c5ec11288c6"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "minimal-lexical"
@@ -1452,116 +991,89 @@ checksum = "68354c5c6bd36d73ff3feceb05efa59b6acb7626617f4962be322a825e61f79a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "miniz_oxide"
-version = "0.7.1"
+version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e7810e0be55b428ada41041c41f32c9f1a42817901b4ccf45fa3d4b6561e74c7"
+checksum = "9d811f3e15f28568be3407c8e7fdb6514c1cda3cb30683f15b6a1a1dc4ea14a7"
 dependencies = [
  "adler",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "mio"
-version = "0.8.9"
+version = "0.8.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3dce281c5e46beae905d4de1870d8b1509a9142b62eedf18b443b011ca8343d0"
+checksum = "a4a650543ca06a924e8b371db273b2756685faae30f8487da1b56505a8f78b0c"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
  "wasi",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "nom"
-version = "7.1.3"
+name = "multiversion"
+version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d273983c5a657a70a3e8f2a01329822f3b8c8172b73826411a55751e404a0a4a"
+checksum = "b2c7b9d7fe61760ce5ea19532ead98541f6b4c495d87247aff9826445cf6872a"
 dependencies = [
- "memchr",
- "minimal-lexical",
+ "multiversion-macros",
+ "target-features",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "nu-ansi-term"
-version = "0.49.0"
+name = "multiversion-macros"
+version = "0.7.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c073d3c1930d0751774acf49e66653acecb416c3a54c6ec095a9b11caddb5a68"
+checksum = "26a83d8500ed06d68877e9de1dde76c1dbb83885dcdbda4ef44ccbc3fbda2ac8"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num"
-version = "0.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b05180d69e3da0e530ba2a1dae5110317e49e3b7f3d41be227dc5f92e49ee7af"
-dependencies = [
- "num-bigint",
- "num-complex",
- "num-integer",
- "num-iter",
- "num-rational",
- "num-traits",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "num-bigint"
-version = "0.4.4"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "608e7659b5c3d7cba262d894801b9ec9d00de989e8a82bd4bef91d08da45cdc0"
-dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+ "target-features",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "num-complex"
-version = "0.4.4"
+name = "nom"
+version = "7.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1ba157ca0885411de85d6ca030ba7e2a83a28636056c7c699b07c8b6f7383214"
+checksum = "d273983c5a657a70a3e8f2a01329822f3b8c8172b73826411a55751e404a0a4a"
 dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
+ "memchr",
+ "minimal-lexical",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "num-integer"
-version = "0.1.45"
+name = "now"
+version = "0.1.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "225d3389fb3509a24c93f5c29eb6bde2586b98d9f016636dff58d7c6f7569cd9"
+checksum = "6d89e9874397a1f0a52fc1f197a8effd9735223cb2390e9dcc83ac6cd02923d0"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "num-traits",
+ "chrono",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "num-iter"
-version = "0.1.43"
+name = "ntapi"
+version = "0.4.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7d03e6c028c5dc5cac6e2dec0efda81fc887605bb3d884578bb6d6bf7514e252"
+checksum = "e8a3895c6391c39d7fe7ebc444a87eb2991b2a0bc718fdabd071eec617fc68e4"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
+ "winapi",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "num-rational"
-version = "0.4.1"
+name = "nu-ansi-term"
+version = "0.50.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0638a1c9d0a3c0914158145bc76cff373a75a627e6ecbfb71cbe6f453a5a19b0"
+checksum = "dd2800e1520bdc966782168a627aa5d1ad92e33b984bf7c7615d31280c83ff14"
 dependencies = [
- "autocfg",
- "num-bigint",
- "num-integer",
- "num-traits",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "num-traits"
-version = "0.2.17"
+version = "0.2.18"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "39e3200413f237f41ab11ad6d161bc7239c84dcb631773ccd7de3dfe4b5c267c"
+checksum = "da0df0e5185db44f69b44f26786fe401b6c293d1907744beaa7fa62b2e5a517a"
 dependencies = [
  "autocfg",
  "libm",
@@ -1579,48 +1091,18 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "object"
-version = "0.32.1"
+version = "0.32.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9cf5f9dd3933bd50a9e1f149ec995f39ae2c496d31fd772c1fd45ebc27e902b0"
+checksum = "a6a622008b6e321afc04970976f62ee297fdbaa6f95318ca343e3eebb9648441"
 dependencies = [
  "memchr",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "object_store"
-version = "0.7.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f930c88a43b1c3f6e776dfe495b4afab89882dbc81530c632db2ed65451ebcb4"
-dependencies = [
- "async-trait",
- "bytes",
- "chrono",
- "futures",
- "humantime",
- "itertools 0.11.0",
- "parking_lot",
- "percent-encoding",
- "snafu",
- "tokio",
- "tracing",
- "url",
- "walkdir",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.19.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "ordered-float"
-version = "2.10.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "68f19d67e5a2795c94e73e0bb1cc1a7edeb2e28efd39e2e1c9b7a40c1108b11c"
-dependencies = [
- "num-traits",
-]
+checksum = "3fdb12b2476b595f9358c5161aa467c2438859caa136dec86c26fdd2efe17b92"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "parking_lot"
@@ -1642,41 +1124,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "redox_syscall",
  "smallvec",
- "windows-targets",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "parquet"
-version = "47.0.0"
+name = "parquet-format-safe"
+version = "0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0463cc3b256d5f50408c49a4be3a16674f4c8ceef60941709620a062b1f6bf4d"
+checksum = "1131c54b167dd4e4799ce762e1ab01549ebb94d5bdd13e6ec1b467491c378e1f"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash",
- "arrow-array",
- "arrow-buffer",
- "arrow-cast",
- "arrow-data",
- "arrow-ipc",
- "arrow-schema",
- "arrow-select",
- "base64",
- "brotli",
- "bytes",
- "chrono",
- "flate2",
+ "async-trait",
  "futures",
- "hashbrown",
- "lz4",
- "num",
- "num-bigint",
- "object_store",
- "paste",
- "seq-macro",
- "snap",
- "thrift",
- "tokio",
- "twox-hash",
- "zstd",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1688,27 +1146,11 @@ dependencies = [
  "regex",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "paste"
-version = "1.0.14"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de3145af08024dea9fa9914f381a17b8fc6034dfb00f3a84013f7ff43f29ed4c"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "percent-encoding"
-version = "2.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9b2a4787296e9989611394c33f193f676704af1686e70b8f8033ab5ba9a35a94"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "petgraph"
-version = "0.6.4"
+version = "2.3.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e1d3afd2628e69da2be385eb6f2fd57c8ac7977ceeff6dc166ff1657b0e386a9"
-dependencies = [
- "fixedbitset",
- "indexmap",
-]
+checksum = "e3148f5046208a5d56bcfc03053e3ca6334e51da8dfb19b6cdc8b306fae3283e"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "phf"
@@ -1762,9 +1204,408 @@ checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pkg-config"
-version = "0.3.27"
+version = "0.3.30"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d231b230927b5e4ad203db57bbcbee2802f6bce620b1e4a9024a07d94e2907ec"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "planus"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fc1691dd09e82f428ce8d6310bd6d5da2557c82ff17694d2a32cad7242aea89f"
+dependencies = [
+ "array-init-cursor",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "polars"
+version = "0.38.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3a26ef94cfedd5915da990a0b4740cca17b5854bd44a8e8c741fe732c02aac37"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom",
+ "polars-arrow",
+ "polars-core",
+ "polars-error",
+ "polars-io",
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+ "once_cell",
+ "polars-error",
+ "raw-cpuid",
+ "rayon",
+ "smartstring",
+ "sysinfo",
+ "version_check",
+]
 
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@@ -1774,18 +1615,18 @@ checksum = "5b40af805b3121feab8a3c29f04d8ad262fa8e0561883e7653e024ae4479e6de"
 
 [[package]]
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+version = "1.0.78"
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@@ -1794,30 +1635,69 @@ dependencies = [
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-checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
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+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "rand_chacha",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
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+
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 dependencies = [
- "libc",
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "bitflags 2.4.2",
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+name = "rayon"
+version = "1.9.0"
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 dependencies = [
- "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "either",
+ "rayon-core",
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 [[package]]
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-version = "0.6.4"
+name = "rayon-core"
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+checksum = "1465873a3dfdaa8ae7cb14b4383657caab0b3e8a0aa9ae8e04b044854c8dfce2"
 dependencies = [
- "getrandom",
+ "crossbeam-deque",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1831,14 +1711,14 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "reedline"
-version = "0.25.0"
+version = "0.29.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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 dependencies = [
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  "crossterm",
  "fd-lock",
- "itertools 0.10.5",
+ "itertools",
  "nu-ansi-term",
  "serde",
  "strip-ansi-escapes",
@@ -1849,35 +1729,49 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-width",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
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+version = "1.0.22"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c4846d4c50d1721b1a3bef8af76924eef20d5e723647333798c1b519b3a9473f"
+dependencies = [
+ "ref-cast-impl",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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+checksum = "b62dbe01f0b06f9d8dc7d49e05a0785f153b00b2c227856282f671e0318c9b15"
 dependencies = [
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  "memchr",
  "regex-automata",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.2",
+ "regex-syntax",
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 [[package]]
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-version = "0.4.3"
+version = "0.4.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5f804c7828047e88b2d32e2d7fe5a105da8ee3264f01902f796c8e067dc2483f"
+checksum = "5bb987efffd3c6d0d8f5f89510bb458559eab11e4f869acb20bf845e016259cd"
 dependencies = [
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  "memchr",
- "regex-syntax 0.8.2",
+ "regex-syntax",
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-[[package]]
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-version = "0.7.5"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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-
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@@ -1890,26 +1784,17 @@ version = "0.1.23"
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-[[package]]
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-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "bfa0f585226d2e68097d4f95d113b15b83a82e819ab25717ec0590d9584ef366"
-dependencies = [
- "semver",
-]
-
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.38.21"
+version = "0.38.31"
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-checksum = "2b426b0506e5d50a7d8dafcf2e81471400deb602392c7dd110815afb4eaf02a3"
+checksum = "6ea3e1a662af26cd7a3ba09c0297a31af215563ecf42817c98df621387f4e949"
 dependencies = [
- "bitflags 2.4.1",
+ "bitflags 2.4.2",
  "errno",
  "libc",
  "linux-raw-sys",
- "windows-sys",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1920,18 +1805,9 @@ checksum = "7ffc183a10b4478d04cbbbfc96d0873219d962dd5accaff2ffbd4ceb7df837f4"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.15"
+version = "1.0.17"
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-checksum = "1ad4cc8da4ef723ed60bced201181d83791ad433213d8c24efffda1eec85d741"
-
-[[package]]
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-checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi-util",
-]
+checksum = "e86697c916019a8588c99b5fac3cead74ec0b4b819707a682fd4d23fa0ce1ba1"
 
 [[package]]
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@@ -1939,12 +1815,6 @@ version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
-[[package]]
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-checksum = "836fa6a3e1e547f9a2c4040802ec865b5d85f4014efe00555d7090a3dcaa1090"
-
 [[package]]
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 version = "0.3.5"
@@ -1953,46 +1823,36 @@ checksum = "a3f0bf26fd526d2a95683cd0f87bf103b8539e2ca1ef48ce002d67aad59aa0b4"
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "1.0.190"
+version = "1.0.197"
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-checksum = "91d3c334ca1ee894a2c6f6ad698fe8c435b76d504b13d436f0685d648d6d96f7"
+checksum = "3fb1c873e1b9b056a4dc4c0c198b24c3ffa059243875552b2bd0933b1aee4ce2"
 dependencies = [
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 ]
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "1.0.190"
+version = "1.0.197"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "67c5609f394e5c2bd7fc51efda478004ea80ef42fee983d5c67a65e34f32c0e3"
+checksum = "7eb0b34b42edc17f6b7cac84a52a1c5f0e1bb2227e997ca9011ea3dd34e8610b"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "serde_json"
-version = "1.0.108"
+version = "1.0.114"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "3d1c7e3eac408d115102c4c24ad393e0821bb3a5df4d506a80f85f7a742a526b"
+checksum = "c5f09b1bd632ef549eaa9f60a1f8de742bdbc698e6cee2095fc84dde5f549ae0"
 dependencies = [
+ "indexmap",
  "itoa",
  "ryu",
  "serde",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "sha2"
-version = "0.10.8"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "793db75ad2bcafc3ffa7c68b215fee268f537982cd901d132f89c6343f3a3dc8"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "cpufeatures",
- "digest",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "signal-hook"
 version = "0.3.17"
@@ -2023,6 +1883,30 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "simd-json"
+version = "0.13.8"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "2faf8f101b9bc484337a6a6b0409cf76c139f2fb70a9e3aee6b6774be7bfbf76"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "getrandom",
+ "halfbrown",
+ "lexical-core",
+ "once_cell",
+ "ref-cast",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "simdutf8",
+ "value-trait",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "simdutf8"
+version = "0.1.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f27f6278552951f1f2b8cf9da965d10969b2efdea95a6ec47987ab46edfe263a"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "siphasher"
 version = "0.3.11"
@@ -2040,64 +1924,72 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "smallvec"
-version = "1.11.1"
+version = "1.13.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "942b4a808e05215192e39f4ab80813e599068285906cc91aa64f923db842bd5a"
+checksum = "e6ecd384b10a64542d77071bd64bd7b231f4ed5940fba55e98c3de13824cf3d7"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "snafu"
-version = "0.7.5"
+name = "smartstring"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e4de37ad025c587a29e8f3f5605c00f70b98715ef90b9061a815b9e59e9042d6"
+checksum = "3fb72c633efbaa2dd666986505016c32c3044395ceaf881518399d2f4127ee29"
 dependencies = [
- "doc-comment",
- "snafu-derive",
+ "autocfg",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "version_check",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "snafu-derive"
-version = "0.7.5"
+name = "snap"
+version = "1.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "990079665f075b699031e9c08fd3ab99be5029b96f3b78dc0709e8f77e4efebf"
-dependencies = [
- "heck",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
-]
+checksum = "1b6b67fb9a61334225b5b790716f609cd58395f895b3fe8b328786812a40bc3b"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "snap"
-version = "1.1.0"
+name = "socket2"
+version = "0.5.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5e9f0ab6ef7eb7353d9119c170a436d1bf248eea575ac42d19d12f4e34130831"
+checksum = "05ffd9c0a93b7543e062e759284fcf5f5e3b098501104bfbdde4d404db792871"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "windows-sys 0.52.0",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sqlparser"
-version = "0.38.0"
+version = "0.39.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0272b7bb0a225320170c99901b4b5fb3a4384e255a7f2cc228f61e2ba3893e75"
+checksum = "743b4dc2cbde11890ccb254a8fc9d537fa41b36da00de2a1c5e9848c9bc42bd7"
 dependencies = [
  "log",
- "sqlparser_derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "sqlparser_derive"
-version = "0.1.1"
+name = "static_assertions"
+version = "1.1.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "streaming-decompression"
+version = "0.1.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "55fe75cb4a364c7f7ae06c7dbbc8d84bddd85d6cdf9975963c3935bc1991761e"
+checksum = "bf6cc3b19bfb128a8ad11026086e31d3ce9ad23f8ea37354b31383a187c44cf3"
 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 1.0.109",
+ "fallible-streaming-iterator",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "static_assertions"
-version = "1.1.0"
+name = "streaming-iterator"
+version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+checksum = "2b2231b7c3057d5e4ad0156fb3dc807d900806020c5ffa3ee6ff2c8c76fb8520"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "strength_reduce"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fe895eb47f22e2ddd4dabc02bce419d2e643c8e3b585c78158b349195bc24d82"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strip-ansi-escapes"
@@ -2110,18 +2002,15 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strsim"
-version = "0.10.0"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "73473c0e59e6d5812c5dfe2a064a6444949f089e20eec9a2e5506596494e4623"
+checksum = "5ee073c9e4cd00e28217186dbe12796d692868f432bf2e97ee73bed0c56dfa01"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strum"
 version = "0.25.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "290d54ea6f91c969195bdbcd7442c8c2a2ba87da8bf60a7ee86a235d4bc1e125"
-dependencies = [
- "strum_macros",
-]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "strum_macros"
@@ -2133,15 +2022,9 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "rustversion",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "subtle"
-version = "2.5.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "81cdd64d312baedb58e21336b31bc043b77e01cc99033ce76ef539f78e965ebc"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
 version = "1.0.109"
@@ -2155,9 +2038,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "syn"
-version = "2.0.38"
+version = "2.0.52"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "e96b79aaa137db8f61e26363a0c9b47d8b4ec75da28b7d1d614c2303e232408b"
+checksum = "b699d15b36d1f02c3e7c69f8ffef53de37aefae075d8488d4ba1a7788d574a07"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -2165,96 +2048,59 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "tempfile"
-version = "3.8.1"
+name = "sysinfo"
+version = "0.30.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7ef1adac450ad7f4b3c28589471ade84f25f731a7a0fe30d71dfa9f60fd808e5"
+checksum = "6746919caf9f2a85bff759535664c060109f21975c5ac2e8652e60102bd4d196"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
- "fastrand",
- "redox_syscall",
- "rustix",
- "windows-sys",
+ "core-foundation-sys",
+ "libc",
+ "ntapi",
+ "once_cell",
+ "windows",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "target-features"
+version = "0.1.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfb5fa503293557c5158bd215fdc225695e567a77e453f5d4452a50a193969bd"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror"
-version = "1.0.50"
+version = "1.0.57"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f9a7210f5c9a7156bb50aa36aed4c95afb51df0df00713949448cf9e97d382d2"
+checksum = "1e45bcbe8ed29775f228095caf2cd67af7a4ccf756ebff23a306bf3e8b47b24b"
 dependencies = [
  "thiserror-impl",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "thiserror-impl"
-version = "1.0.50"
+version = "1.0.57"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "266b2e40bc00e5a6c09c3584011e08b06f123c00362c92b975ba9843aaaa14b8"
+checksum = "a953cb265bef375dae3de6663da4d3804eee9682ea80d8e2542529b73c531c81"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "thrift"
-version = "0.17.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7e54bc85fc7faa8bc175c4bab5b92ba8d9a3ce893d0e9f42cc455c8ab16a9e09"
-dependencies = [
- "byteorder",
- "integer-encoding",
- "ordered-float",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tiny-keccak"
-version = "2.0.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c9d3793400a45f954c52e73d068316d76b6f4e36977e3fcebb13a2721e80237"
-dependencies = [
- "crunchy",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tinyvec"
-version = "1.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "87cc5ceb3875bb20c2890005a4e226a4651264a5c75edb2421b52861a0a0cb50"
-dependencies = [
- "tinyvec_macros",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tinyvec_macros"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "tokio"
-version = "1.33.0"
+version = "1.36.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4f38200e3ef7995e5ef13baec2f432a6da0aa9ac495b2c0e8f3b7eec2c92d653"
+checksum = "61285f6515fa018fb2d1e46eb21223fff441ee8db5d0f1435e8ab4f5cdb80931"
 dependencies = [
  "backtrace",
  "bytes",
+ "libc",
+ "mio",
  "num_cpus",
- "parking_lot",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio-macros",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tokio-macros"
-version = "2.1.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "630bdcf245f78637c13ec01ffae6187cca34625e8c63150d424b59e55af2675e"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "socket2",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2270,59 +2116,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing"
-version = "0.1.40"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c3523ab5a71916ccf420eebdf5521fcef02141234bbc0b8a49f2fdc4544364ef"
-dependencies = [
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tracing-attributes",
- "tracing-core",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-attributes"
-version = "0.1.27"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "34704c8d6ebcbc939824180af020566b01a7c01f80641264eba0999f6c2b6be7"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "tracing-core"
-version = "0.1.32"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
-dependencies = [
- "once_cell",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "twox-hash"
-version = "1.6.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "97fee6b57c6a41524a810daee9286c02d7752c4253064d0b05472833a438f675"
-dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "static_assertions",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "typenum"
-version = "1.17.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "42ff0bf0c66b8238c6f3b578df37d0b7848e55df8577b3f74f92a69acceeb825"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-bidi"
-version = "0.3.13"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "92888ba5573ff080736b3648696b70cafad7d250551175acbaa4e0385b3e1460"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
 version = "1.0.12"
@@ -2330,19 +2123,19 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "unicode-normalization"
-version = "0.1.22"
+name = "unicode-reverse"
+version = "1.0.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5c5713f0fc4b5db668a2ac63cdb7bb4469d8c9fed047b1d0292cc7b0ce2ba921"
+checksum = "0bea5dacebb0d2d0a69a6700a05b59b3908bf801bf563a49bd27a1b60122962c"
 dependencies = [
- "tinyvec",
+ "unicode-segmentation",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-segmentation"
-version = "1.10.1"
+version = "1.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1dd624098567895118886609431a7c3b8f516e41d30e0643f03d94592a147e36"
+checksum = "d4c87d22b6e3f4a18d4d40ef354e97c90fcb14dd91d7dc0aa9d8a1172ebf7202"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-width"
@@ -2350,17 +2143,6 @@ version = "0.1.11"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e51733f11c9c4f72aa0c160008246859e340b00807569a0da0e7a1079b27ba85"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "url"
-version = "2.4.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "143b538f18257fac9cad154828a57c6bf5157e1aa604d4816b5995bf6de87ae5"
-dependencies = [
- "form_urlencoded",
- "idna",
- "percent-encoding",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "utf8parse"
 version = "0.2.1"
@@ -2369,13 +2151,25 @@ checksum = "711b9620af191e0cdc7468a8d14e709c3dcdb115b36f838e601583af800a370a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "uuid"
-version = "1.5.0"
+version = "1.7.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "88ad59a7560b41a70d191093a945f0b87bc1deeda46fb237479708a1d6b6cdfc"
+checksum = "f00cc9702ca12d3c81455259621e676d0f7251cec66a21e98fe2e9a37db93b2a"
 dependencies = [
  "getrandom",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "value-trait"
+version = "0.8.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dad8db98c1e677797df21ba03fca7d3bf9bec3ca38db930954e4fe6e1ea27eb4"
+dependencies = [
+ "float-cmp",
+ "halfbrown",
+ "itoa",
+ "ryu",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.4"
@@ -2402,16 +2196,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "quote",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "walkdir"
-version = "2.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d71d857dc86794ca4c280d616f7da00d2dbfd8cd788846559a6813e6aa4b54ee"
-dependencies = [
- "same-file",
- "winapi-util",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "wasi"
 version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
@@ -2420,9 +2204,9 @@ checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7706a72ab36d8cb1f80ffbf0e071533974a60d0a308d01a5d0375bf60499a342"
+checksum = "c1e124130aee3fb58c5bdd6b639a0509486b0338acaaae0c84a5124b0f588b7f"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro",
@@ -2430,24 +2214,24 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-backend"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5ef2b6d3c510e9625e5fe6f509ab07d66a760f0885d858736483c32ed7809abd"
+checksum = "c9e7e1900c352b609c8488ad12639a311045f40a35491fb69ba8c12f758af70b"
 dependencies = [
  "bumpalo",
  "log",
  "once_cell",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dee495e55982a3bd48105a7b947fd2a9b4a8ae3010041b9e0faab3f9cd028f1d"
+checksum = "b30af9e2d358182b5c7449424f017eba305ed32a7010509ede96cdc4696c46ed"
 dependencies = [
  "quote",
  "wasm-bindgen-macro-support",
@@ -2455,22 +2239,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro-support"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "54681b18a46765f095758388f2d0cf16eb8d4169b639ab575a8f5693af210c7b"
+checksum = "642f325be6301eb8107a83d12a8ac6c1e1c54345a7ef1a9261962dfefda09e66"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-shared"
-version = "0.2.87"
+version = "0.2.91"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ca6ad05a4870b2bf5fe995117d3728437bd27d7cd5f06f13c17443ef369775a1"
+checksum = "4f186bd2dcf04330886ce82d6f33dd75a7bfcf69ecf5763b89fcde53b6ac9838"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi"
@@ -2488,28 +2272,29 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "winapi-util"
-version = "0.1.6"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f29e6f9198ba0d26b4c9f07dbe6f9ed633e1f3d5b8b414090084349e46a52596"
-dependencies = [
- "winapi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
 version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e48a53791691ab099e5e2ad123536d0fff50652600abaf43bbf952894110d0be"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-core",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.4",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
-version = "0.51.1"
+version = "0.52.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f1f8cf84f35d2db49a46868f947758c7a1138116f7fac3bc844f43ade1292e64"
+checksum = "33ab640c8d7e35bf8ba19b884ba838ceb4fba93a4e8c65a9059d08afcfc683d9"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets",
+ "windows-targets 0.52.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2518,7 +2303,16 @@ version = "0.48.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "677d2418bec65e3338edb076e806bc1ec15693c5d0104683f2efe857f61056a9"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-targets",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-sys"
+version = "0.52.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "282be5f36a8ce781fad8c8ae18fa3f9beff57ec1b52cb3de0789201425d9a33d"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-targets 0.52.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2527,13 +2321,28 @@ version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "9a2fa6e2155d7247be68c096456083145c183cbbbc2764150dda45a87197940c"
 dependencies = [
- "windows_aarch64_gnullvm",
- "windows_aarch64_msvc",
- "windows_i686_gnu",
- "windows_i686_msvc",
- "windows_x86_64_gnu",
- "windows_x86_64_gnullvm",
- "windows_x86_64_msvc",
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.48.5",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.48.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-targets"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7dd37b7e5ab9018759f893a1952c9420d060016fc19a472b4bb20d1bdd694d1b"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows_aarch64_gnullvm 0.52.4",
+ "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.52.4",
+ "windows_i686_gnu 0.52.4",
+ "windows_i686_msvc 0.52.4",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.52.4",
+ "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.52.4",
+ "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.52.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2542,78 +2351,125 @@ version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2b38e32f0abccf9987a4e3079dfb67dcd799fb61361e53e2882c3cbaf0d905d8"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bcf46cf4c365c6f2d1cc93ce535f2c8b244591df96ceee75d8e83deb70a9cac9"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "dc35310971f3b2dbbf3f0690a219f40e2d9afcf64f9ab7cc1be722937c26b4bc"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "da9f259dd3bcf6990b55bffd094c4f7235817ba4ceebde8e6d11cd0c5633b675"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "a75915e7def60c94dcef72200b9a8e58e5091744960da64ec734a6c6e9b3743e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_gnu"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b474d8268f99e0995f25b9f095bc7434632601028cf86590aea5c8a5cb7801d3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8f55c233f70c4b27f66c523580f78f1004e8b5a8b659e05a4eb49d4166cca406"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_i686_msvc"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "1515e9a29e5bed743cb4415a9ecf5dfca648ce85ee42e15873c3cd8610ff8e02"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "53d40abd2583d23e4718fddf1ebec84dbff8381c07cae67ff7768bbf19c6718e"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5eee091590e89cc02ad514ffe3ead9eb6b660aedca2183455434b93546371a03"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0b7b52767868a23d5bab768e390dc5f5c55825b6d30b86c844ff2dc7414044cc"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "77ca79f2451b49fa9e2af39f0747fe999fcda4f5e241b2898624dca97a1f2177"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed94fce61571a4006852b7389a063ab983c02eb1bb37b47f8272ce92d06d9538"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
+version = "0.52.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32b752e52a2da0ddfbdbcc6fceadfeede4c939ed16d13e648833a61dfb611ed8"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xxhash-rust"
+version = "0.8.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "927da81e25be1e1a2901d59b81b37dd2efd1fc9c9345a55007f09bf5a2d3ee03"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy"
-version = "0.7.20"
+version = "0.7.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd66a62464e3ffd4e37bd09950c2b9dd6c4f8767380fabba0d523f9a775bc85a"
+checksum = "74d4d3961e53fa4c9a25a8637fc2bfaf2595b3d3ae34875568a5cf64787716be"
 dependencies = [
  "zerocopy-derive",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zerocopy-derive"
-version = "0.7.20"
+version = "0.7.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "255c4596d41e6916ced49cfafea18727b24d67878fa180ddfd69b9df34fd1726"
+checksum = "9ce1b18ccd8e73a9321186f97e46f9f04b778851177567b1975109d26a08d2a6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn 2.0.38",
+ "syn 2.0.52",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd"
-version = "0.12.4"
+version = "0.13.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1a27595e173641171fc74a1232b7b1c7a7cb6e18222c11e9dfb9888fa424c53c"
+checksum = "bffb3309596d527cfcba7dfc6ed6052f1d39dfbd7c867aa2e865e4a449c10110"
 dependencies = [
  "zstd-safe",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zstd-safe"
-version = "6.0.6"
+version = "7.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ee98ffd0b48ee95e6c5168188e44a54550b1564d9d530ee21d5f0eaed1069581"
+checksum = "43747c7422e2924c11144d5229878b98180ef8b06cca4ab5af37afc8a8d8ea3e"
 dependencies = [
- "libc",
  "zstd-sys",
 ]
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0524cc2..b766d31 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -5,26 +5,40 @@ repository = "https://github.com/vincev/dply-rs"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 name = "dply"
-version = "0.2.1"
+version = "0.3.0"
 rust-version = "1.70.0"
 
 [dependencies]
 anyhow = "1.0"
-chrono = { version = "0.4.26", default-features = false }
 clap = { version = "4.2", features = ["derive"] }
 comfy-table = "7"
-datafusion = { version = "32", default-features = false }
-futures = "0.3.28"
-hashbrown = "0.14.0"
 home = "0.5"
-lru = "0.12"
+lru = "0.12.0"
 nom = "7"
-num-traits = "0.2.15"
-parking_lot = "0.12.1"
-reedline = "0.25"
+reedline = "0.29"
 regex = "1.9.4"
 thiserror = "1.0"
-tokio = { version = "1.29.1", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros", "sync"] }
+
+[dependencies.polars]
+version = "0.38.0"
+default-features = false
+features = [
+    "cross_join",
+    "csv",
+    "dtype-full",
+    "fmt",
+    "is_in",
+    "json",
+    "lazy",
+    "parquet",
+    "semi_anti_join",
+    "strings",
+    "timezones"
+]
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 indoc = "2"
+
+[profile.dev]
+opt-level = 0
+debug = 2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ade6146..46bb462 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 dply is a command line tool for viewing, querying, and writing csv and parquet
-files, inspired by [dplyr](https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/index.html) and powered by
-[DataFusion](https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion).
+files, inspired by [dplyr](https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/index.html).
 
 ## Usage overview
 
diff --git a/src/engine.rs b/src/engine.rs
index 644a6af..45d761b 100644
--- a/src/engine.rs
+++ b/src/engine.rs
@@ -2,13 +2,9 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
 //! Evaluate pipeline functions.
-use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    execution::context::SessionContext, logical_expr::LogicalPlan, physical_plan::ExecutionPlan,
-    prelude::Expr as DFExpr,
-};
-use std::{collections::HashMap, future::Future, sync::Arc};
-use tokio::runtime;
+use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::{completions::Completions, config::FormatConfig, parser::Expr};
 
@@ -23,7 +19,6 @@ mod fmt;
 mod glimpse;
 mod group_by;
 mod head;
-mod io;
 mod joins;
 mod json;
 mod mutate;
@@ -35,13 +30,14 @@ mod show;
 mod summarize;
 mod unnest;
 
+#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Context {
-    /// Named logical plans.
-    vars: HashMap<String, LogicalPlan>,
-    /// Logical plan passed from one pipeline step to the next.
-    plan: Option<LogicalPlan>,
-    /// Columns passed to aggregate functions.
-    group: Option<Vec<DFExpr>>,
+    /// Named data frames.
+    vars: HashMap<String, LazyFrame>,
+    /// Input dataframe passed from one pipeline step to the next.
+    df: Option<LazyFrame>,
+    /// Group passed to aggregate functions.
+    group: Option<LazyGroupBy>,
     /// Dataframe columns.
     columns: Vec<String>,
     /// Optional output used for testing.
@@ -50,30 +46,6 @@ pub struct Context {
     format_config: FormatConfig,
     /// Completions lru
     completions: Completions,
-    /// Tokio runtime to run async tasks.
-    runtime: runtime::Runtime,
-    /// Datafusion context
-    session: SessionContext,
-}
-
-impl Default for Context {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        let runtime = runtime::Builder::new_multi_thread()
-            .enable_all()
-            .build()
-            .unwrap();
-        Self {
-            vars: Default::default(),
-            plan: Default::default(),
-            group: Default::default(),
-            columns: Default::default(),
-            output: Default::default(),
-            format_config: Default::default(),
-            completions: Default::default(),
-            runtime,
-            session: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 impl Context {
@@ -87,78 +59,46 @@ impl Context {
         self.vars.keys().cloned().collect()
     }
 
-    /// Returns the plan associated with the given variable.
-    fn get_plan(&self, name: &str) -> Option<LogicalPlan> {
-        self.vars.get(name).cloned()
-    }
-
     /// Returns the active dataframe or group columns.
     fn columns(&self) -> &Vec<String> {
         &self.columns
     }
 
-    /// Returns datafusion context
-    fn session(&self) -> &SessionContext {
-        &self.session
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the current format configuration
-    fn format_config(&self) -> &FormatConfig {
-        &self.format_config
-    }
-
-    async fn create_physical_plan(
-        &self,
-        logical_plan: &LogicalPlan,
-    ) -> Result<Arc<dyn ExecutionPlan>> {
-        let plan = self
-            .session
-            .state()
-            .create_physical_plan(logical_plan)
-            .await?;
-        Ok(plan)
-    }
-
-    /// Returns datafusion context
-    fn block_on<F: Future>(&self, future: F) -> F::Output {
-        self.runtime.block_on(future)
-    }
-
     /// Clear the context removing the active group and dataframe.
     fn clear(&mut self) {
-        self.plan = None;
+        self.df = None;
         self.group = None;
     }
 
     /// Returns and consume the input dataframe.
-    fn take_plan(&mut self) -> Option<LogicalPlan> {
-        self.plan.take()
+    fn take_df(&mut self) -> Option<LazyFrame> {
+        self.df.take()
     }
 
     /// Sets the dataframe to be used in pipeline steps.
-    fn set_plan(&mut self, plan: LogicalPlan) {
+    fn set_df(&mut self, df: LazyFrame) -> Result<()> {
         assert!(self.group.is_none());
 
-        // Get unqualified column names.
-        self.columns = plan
+        self.columns = df
             .schema()
-            .fields()
-            .iter()
-            .map(|f| f.name().to_owned())
-            .collect();
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Schema error: {e}"))?
+            .iter_names()
+            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         self.update_completions();
 
-        self.plan = Some(plan);
+        self.df = Some(df);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    /// Sets the grouping columns used for aggregation.
-    fn set_group(&mut self, plan: LogicalPlan, group: Vec<DFExpr>) {
-        self.set_plan(plan);
-        self.group = Some(group);
+    /// Returns the dataframe associated to the given variable.
+    fn get_df(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&LazyFrame> {
+        self.vars.get(name)
     }
 
-    fn take_group(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<DFExpr>> {
+    /// Returns and consume the active group.
+    fn take_group(&mut self) -> Option<LazyGroupBy> {
         self.group.take()
     }
 
@@ -167,30 +107,67 @@ impl Context {
         self.group.is_some()
     }
 
+    /// Sets the active group.
+    fn set_group(&mut self, group: LazyGroupBy) -> Result<()> {
+        assert!(self.df.is_none());
+
+        self.columns = group
+            .logical_plan
+            .schema()
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Schema error: {e}"))?
+            .iter_names()
+            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        self.update_completions();
+
+        self.group = Some(group);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     fn update_completions(&mut self) {
         self.completions.add(&self.columns);
     }
 
-    fn show(&mut self, plan: LogicalPlan) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(mut output) = self.output.take() {
-            self.runtime.block_on(fmt::test(self, plan, &mut output))?;
-            self.output = Some(output);
-            Ok(())
+    /// Print results to the context output.
+    fn print(&mut self, df: DataFrame) -> Result<()> {
+        self.set_fmt();
+
+        if let Some(write) = self.output.as_mut() {
+            fmt::df_test(write, df)?;
         } else {
-            self.runtime.block_on(fmt::show(self, plan))
+            println!("{df}");
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn glimpse(&mut self, plan: LogicalPlan) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(mut output) = self.output.take() {
-            self.runtime
-                .block_on(fmt::glimpse(self, plan, &mut output))?;
-            self.output = Some(output);
-            Ok(())
+    /// Show a glimpse view of the datafrmae.
+    fn glimpse(&mut self, df: LazyFrame) -> Result<()> {
+        self.set_fmt();
+
+        if let Some(write) = self.output.as_mut() {
+            fmt::glimpse(write, df)?;
         } else {
-            let output = &mut std::io::stdout();
-            self.runtime.block_on(fmt::glimpse(self, plan, output))
+            fmt::glimpse(&mut std::io::stdout(), df)?;
         }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn set_fmt(&self) {
+        if let Some(w) = self.format_config.max_table_width {
+            std::env::set_var("POLARS_TABLE_WIDTH", w.to_string());
+        }
+
+        std::env::set_var(
+            "POLARS_FMT_MAX_COLS",
+            self.format_config.max_columns.to_string(),
+        );
+
+        std::env::set_var(
+            "POLARS_FMT_STR_LEN",
+            self.format_config.max_column_width.to_string(),
+        );
     }
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +182,7 @@ pub fn eval_to_string(exprs: &[Expr]) -> Result<String> {
     let mut ctx = Context {
         output: Some(Default::default()),
         format_config: FormatConfig {
-            max_table_width: Some(82),
+            max_column_width: 82,
             ..Default::default()
         },
         ..Default::default()
@@ -233,22 +210,22 @@ fn eval_pipelines(exprs: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
 fn eval_pipeline_step(expr: &Expr, ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
     match expr {
         Expr::Function(name, args) => match name.as_str() {
-            "anti_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, joins::JoinType::Anti)?,
+            "anti_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, JoinType::Anti)?,
             "arrange" => arrange::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "config" => config::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "count" => count::eval(args, ctx)?,
-            "cross_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, joins::JoinType::Cross)?,
+            "cross_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, JoinType::Cross)?,
             "csv" => csv::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "distinct" => distinct::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "filter" => filter::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "glimpse" => glimpse::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "group_by" => group_by::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "head" => head::eval(args, ctx)?,
-            "inner_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, joins::JoinType::Inner)?,
+            "inner_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, JoinType::Inner)?,
             "json" => json::eval(args, ctx)?,
-            "left_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, joins::JoinType::Left)?,
+            "left_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, JoinType::Left)?,
             "mutate" => mutate::eval(args, ctx)?,
-            "outer_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, joins::JoinType::Outer)?,
+            "outer_join" => joins::eval(args, ctx, JoinType::Outer { coalesce: true })?,
             "parquet" => parquet::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "relocate" => relocate::eval(args, ctx)?,
             "rename" => rename::eval(args, ctx)?,
@@ -260,11 +237,11 @@ fn eval_pipeline_step(expr: &Expr, ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
         },
         Expr::Identifier(name) => {
             // If there is an input assign it to the variable.
-            if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+            if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_df() {
                 ctx.vars.insert(name.to_owned(), plan.clone());
-                ctx.set_plan(plan);
+                ctx.set_df(plan)?;
             } else if let Some(plan) = ctx.vars.get(name) {
-                ctx.set_plan(plan.clone());
+                ctx.set_df(plan.clone())?;
             } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
                 bail!("Cannot assign a group to variable '{name}'");
             } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/args.rs b/src/engine/args.rs
index 62441e2..af75192 100644
--- a/src/engine/args.rs
+++ b/src/engine/args.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use chrono::{NaiveDate, NaiveDateTime};
-use datafusion::{common::DFSchema, logical_expr::Expr as DFExpr, prelude::*};
+use polars::export::chrono::prelude::*;
+use polars::lazy::dsl::Expr as PolarsExpr;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 use std::str::FromStr;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
@@ -17,16 +18,6 @@ pub fn string(expr: &Expr) -> String {
     }
 }
 
-/// Returns the value from a number expression.
-///
-/// Panics if the expression is not a number.
-pub fn number(expr: &Expr) -> f64 {
-    match expr {
-        Expr::Number(s) => *s,
-        _ => panic!("{expr} is not a number expression"),
-    }
-}
-
 /// Returns the string from an identifier expression.
 ///
 /// Panics if the expression is not an identifier.
@@ -37,43 +28,29 @@ pub fn identifier(expr: &Expr) -> String {
     }
 }
 
-/// Returns a datafusion column expression and quotes the name.
-///
-/// The `col` function in datafusion makes identifiers lower case, this function
-/// quotes the name so that it preserves case.
-pub fn str_to_col(s: impl Into<String>) -> DFExpr {
-    DFExpr::Column(Column::new_unqualified(s))
-}
-
-/// Returns a datafusion column if it is in the schema.
-pub fn expr_to_col(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<DFExpr> {
+/// Returns a Polars column if it is in the schema.
+pub fn column(expr: &Expr, schema: &Schema) -> Result<PolarsExpr> {
     let column = identifier(expr);
-    if schema.has_column_with_unqualified_name(&column) {
-        Ok(str_to_col(column))
-    } else {
-        Err(anyhow!("Unknown column '{expr}'"))
-    }
+    schema
+        .get(&column)
+        .map(|_| col(&column))
+        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Unknown column '{expr}'"))
 }
 
-/// Returns a datafusion qualified column if it is in the schema.
+/// Returns the value from a number expression.
 ///
-/// This is needed for when window function expressions are transformed to a
-/// column expression as their name needs the table.
-pub fn expr_to_qualified_col(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<DFExpr> {
-    let column = identifier(expr);
-
-    if let Ok(field) = schema.field_with_unqualified_name(&column) {
-        let qualifier = field.qualifier().cloned();
-        Ok(DFExpr::Column(Column::new(qualifier, field.name())))
-    } else {
-        Err(anyhow!("Unknown column '{expr}'"))
+/// Panics if the expression is not a number.
+pub fn number(expr: &Expr) -> f64 {
+    match expr {
+        Expr::Number(s) => *s,
+        _ => panic!("{expr} is not a number expression"),
     }
 }
 
 /// Returns a date time from a string.
 ///
 /// Returns an error if the string is not a valid date time.
-pub fn timestamp(expr: &Expr) -> Result<DFExpr> {
+pub fn timestamp(expr: &Expr) -> Result<NaiveDateTime> {
     let ts = string(expr);
     let ts = ts.trim();
 
@@ -85,23 +62,22 @@ pub fn timestamp(expr: &Expr) -> Result<DFExpr> {
         })
         .map_err(|e| anyhow!("Invalid timestamp string {ts}: {e}"))?;
 
-    Ok(lit_timestamp_nano(dt.timestamp_nanos_opt().unwrap()))
+    Ok(dt)
 }
 
-/// Returns the value of a named boolean variable like `overwrite = false`.
-pub fn named_bool(args: &[Expr], name: &str) -> bool {
+pub fn named_bool(args: &[Expr], name: &str) -> Result<bool> {
     for arg in args {
         if let Expr::BinaryOp(lhs, Operator::Assign, rhs) = arg {
             match (lhs.as_ref(), rhs.as_ref()) {
                 (Expr::Identifier(lhs), Expr::Identifier(rhs)) if lhs == name => {
-                    return bool::from_str(rhs).unwrap_or(false);
+                    return Ok(bool::from_str(rhs)?);
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
     }
 
-    false
+    Ok(false)
 }
 
 /// Returns the value of a named integer variable like `schema_rows = 2000`.
diff --git a/src/engine/arrange.rs b/src/engine/arrange.rs
index ebb8713..cba9b5c 100644
--- a/src/engine/arrange.rs
+++ b/src/engine/arrange.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
         let mut columns = Vec::with_capacity(args.len());
+        let mut descending = Vec::with_capacity(args.len());
 
         for arg in args {
             match arg {
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                         bail!("arrange error: Unknown column {column}");
                     }
 
-                    columns.push(args::str_to_col(&column).sort(false, false));
+                    columns.push(col(&column));
+                    descending.push(true);
                 }
                 Expr::Identifier(column) => {
                     // arrange(column)
@@ -32,14 +34,14 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                         bail!("arrange error: Unknown column {column}");
                     }
 
-                    columns.push(args::str_to_col(column).sort(true, false));
+                    columns.push(col(column));
+                    descending.push(false);
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
 
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).sort(columns)?.build()?;
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df.sort_by_exprs(columns, descending, true, false))?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("arrange error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/count.rs b/src/engine/count.rs
index d5eddfd..a288238 100644
--- a/src/engine/count.rs
+++ b/src/engine/count.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::{self, Expr as DFExpr, LogicalPlan, LogicalPlanBuilder};
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
         let mut columns = Vec::new();
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                     bail!("count error: Unknown column {column}");
                 }
 
-                let expr = args::str_to_col(column);
+                let expr = col(column);
                 if !columns.contains(&expr) {
                     columns.push(expr);
                 }
@@ -30,21 +30,25 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
 
         let agg_col = find_agg_column(schema_cols.as_slice());
 
-        let plan = if !columns.is_empty() {
-            let plan = count(plan, columns.clone(), &agg_col)?;
+        let df = if !columns.is_empty() {
+            let ncol = columns.last().unwrap().clone();
+            let df = df
+                .group_by(&columns)
+                .agg([ncol.is_not_null().count().alias(&agg_col)]);
 
-            if args::named_bool(args, "sort") {
-                let mut sort_cols = vec![args::str_to_col(&agg_col).sort(false, false)];
-                sort_cols.extend(columns.into_iter().map(|c| c.sort(true, false)));
-                LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).sort(sort_cols)?.build()?
-            } else {
-                plan
+            let mut sort_mask = vec![false; columns.len()];
+
+            if args::named_bool(args, "sort")? {
+                columns.insert(0, col(&agg_col));
+                sort_mask.insert(0, true);
             }
+
+            df.sort_by_exprs(columns, sort_mask, false, false)
         } else {
-            count(plan, vec![], &agg_col)?
+            df.select(&[col(&schema_cols[0]).count().alias(&agg_col)])
         };
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("count error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
@@ -54,14 +58,6 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-pub fn count(plan: LogicalPlan, group: Vec<DFExpr>, name: &str) -> Result<LogicalPlan> {
-    let agg_col = logical_expr::count(logical_expr::lit(1u8)).alias(name);
-    let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-        .aggregate(group, vec![agg_col])?
-        .build()?;
-    Ok(plan)
-}
-
 /// If there is a column named `n` use `nn`, or `nnn`, etc.
 fn find_agg_column(cols: &[String]) -> String {
     let mut col = "n".to_string();
diff --git a/src/engine/csv.rs b/src/engine/csv.rs
index 266d56e..b73ae56 100644
--- a/src/engine/csv.rs
+++ b/src/engine/csv.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::csv,
-    common::DEFAULT_CSV_EXTENSION,
-    datasource::{
-        file_format::csv::CsvFormat,
-        listing::{ListingOptions, ListingTable, ListingTableConfig, ListingTableUrl},
-        provider_as_source,
-    },
-    logical_expr::{LogicalPlanBuilder, UNNAMED_TABLE},
-};
-use std::{num::NonZeroUsize, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -21,59 +12,30 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    let path = args::string(&args[0]);
-    let overwrite = args::named_bool(args, "overwrite");
+    // csv("nyctaxi.csv")
+    let path = PathBuf::from(args::string(&args[0]));
+    // csv("nyctaxi.csv", overwrite = true)
+    let overwrite = args::named_bool(args, "overwrite")?;
 
     // If there is an input dataframe save it to disk.
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        if !overwrite && Path::new(&path).exists() {
-            bail!("csv error: file '{}' already exists.", path);
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        if !overwrite && path.exists() {
+            bail!("csv error: file '{}' already exists", path.display());
         }
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan.clone());
-
-        let (_, mut rx) = io::execute_plan(plan, ctx)?;
-
         let file = std::fs::File::create(&path)
-            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("csv error: cannot create file '{}' {e}", path))?;
-        let mut writer = csv::Writer::new(file);
-
-        while let Some(batch) = rx.blocking_recv() {
-            writer.write(&batch?)?;
-        }
-    } else {
-        // Read the data frame and set it as input for the next task.
-        let table_path = ListingTableUrl::parse(&path)?;
-
-        let num_cpus = std::thread::available_parallelism()
-            .unwrap_or(NonZeroUsize::new(2).unwrap())
-            .get();
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("csv error: cannot create file '{}' {e}", path.display()))?;
 
-        let file_format = CsvFormat::default();
+        let mut out_df = df.clone().collect()?;
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
 
-        // Use default extension for recursive loading.
-        let extension = if Path::new(&path).is_dir() {
-            DEFAULT_CSV_EXTENSION
-        } else {
-            ""
-        };
-
-        let listing_options = ListingOptions::new(Arc::new(file_format))
-            .with_file_extension(extension)
-            .with_target_partitions(num_cpus);
-
-        let resolved_schema =
-            ctx.block_on(listing_options.infer_schema(&ctx.session().state(), &table_path))?;
-
-        let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_path)
-            .with_listing_options(listing_options)
-            .with_schema(resolved_schema);
-
-        let table_provider = ListingTable::try_new(config)?;
-        let table_source = provider_as_source(Arc::new(table_provider));
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::scan(UNNAMED_TABLE, table_source, None)?.build()?;
-
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        CsvWriter::new(file).finish(&mut out_df)?;
+    } else {
+        let reader = LazyCsvReader::new(&path).with_infer_schema_length(Some(1000));
+        let df = reader
+            .finish()
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("csv error: cannot read file '{}' {e}", path.display()))?;
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/src/engine/distinct.rs b/src/engine/distinct.rs
index abce53e..59e08ef 100644
--- a/src/engine/distinct.rs
+++ b/src/engine/distinct.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
         let mut select_columns = Vec::new();
 
@@ -26,21 +26,15 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
             }
         }
 
-        let plan = if !select_columns.is_empty() {
-            let columns = select_columns
-                .iter()
-                .map(args::str_to_col)
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-            LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-                .project(columns)?
-                .distinct()?
-                .build()?
+        let df = if !select_columns.is_empty() {
+            let columns = select_columns.iter().map(|c| col(c)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            df.select(&columns)
+                .unique_stable(Some(select_columns), UniqueKeepStrategy::First)
         } else {
-            LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).distinct()?.build()?
+            df.unique_stable(None, UniqueKeepStrategy::First)
         };
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("distinct error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/filter.rs b/src/engine/filter.rs
index 7292b3d..5006676 100644
--- a/src/engine/filter.rs
+++ b/src/engine/filter.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::{
-        array::{ArrayRef, BooleanArray},
-        datatypes::*,
-    },
-    common::cast::{as_list_array, as_primitive_array, as_string_array},
-    common::DFSchema,
-    logical_expr::{create_udf, lit, Expr as DFExpr, LogicalPlanBuilder, Volatility},
-    physical_plan::functions::make_scalar_function,
-};
-use std::sync::Arc;
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use polars::export::regex;
+use polars::lazy::dsl::Expr as PolarsExpr;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
@@ -21,13 +25,17 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(mut plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(mut df) = ctx.take_df() {
         for arg in args {
-            let expr = eval_expr(arg, plan.schema())?;
-            plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).filter(expr)?.build()?;
+            let expr = df
+                .schema()
+                .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+                .and_then(|schema| eval_expr(arg, &schema))
+                .map_err(|e| anyhow!("filter error: {e}"))?;
+            df = df.filter(expr);
         }
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("filter error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
@@ -37,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn eval_expr(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<DFExpr> {
+fn eval_expr(expr: &Expr, schema: &Schema) -> Result<PolarsExpr> {
     match expr {
         Expr::BinaryOp(lhs, op, rhs) => {
             let lhs = eval_expr(lhs, schema)?;
@@ -45,7 +53,7 @@ fn eval_expr(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<DFExpr> {
 
             let result = match op {
                 Operator::Eq => lhs.eq(rhs),
-                Operator::NotEq => lhs.not_eq(rhs),
+                Operator::NotEq => lhs.neq(rhs),
                 Operator::Lt => lhs.lt(rhs),
                 Operator::LtEq => lhs.lt_eq(rhs),
                 Operator::Gt => lhs.gt(rhs),
@@ -57,200 +65,96 @@ fn eval_expr(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<DFExpr> {
 
             Ok(result)
         }
-        Expr::Identifier(_) => args::expr_to_col(expr, schema),
+        Expr::Identifier(_) => args::column(expr, schema),
         Expr::String(s) => Ok(lit(s.clone())),
         Expr::Number(n) => Ok(lit(*n)),
-        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dt" => Ok(args::timestamp(&args[0])?),
-        Expr::UnaryOp(Operator::Not, expr) => {
-            eval_predicate(expr, schema).map(|expr| DFExpr::Not(expr.into()))
+        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dt" => {
+            let ts = args::timestamp(&args[0])?;
+            Ok(lit(ts))
         }
+        Expr::UnaryOp(Operator::Not, expr) => eval_predicate(expr, schema).map(|expr| expr.not()),
         Expr::Function(_, _) => eval_predicate(expr, schema),
         _ => panic!("Unexpected filter expression {expr}"),
     }
 }
 
-fn eval_predicate(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<DFExpr> {
+fn eval_predicate(expr: &Expr, schema: &Schema) -> Result<PolarsExpr> {
     match expr {
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "contains" => {
             let column = args::identifier(&args[0]);
             let column_type = schema
-                .field_with_unqualified_name(&column)
-                .map(|f| f.data_type())
-                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("Unknown `contains` column '{column}'"))?;
+                .get(&column)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("Unknown contains column '{column}'"))?;
 
             match column_type {
-                lt @ DataType::List(_)
-                | lt @ DataType::LargeList(_)
-                | lt @ DataType::FixedSizeList(_, _) => list_contains(&column, &args[1], lt),
-                DataType::Utf8 | DataType::LargeUtf8 => string_contains(&column, &args[1]),
+                DataType::List(elem_type) => list_contains(&column, &args[1], elem_type),
+                DataType::String => string_contains(&column, &args[1]),
                 _ => Err(anyhow!("Column '{column}' must be a str or a list")),
             }
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "is_null" => {
-            args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.is_null())
+            let r = args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.is_null());
+            println!("{r:?}");
+            r
         }
         _ => panic!("Unexpected filter expression {expr}"),
     }
 }
 
-fn list_contains(column: &str, key: &Expr, list_type: &DataType) -> Result<DFExpr> {
-    let elem_type = match list_type {
-        DataType::List(elem) | DataType::LargeList(elem) | DataType::FixedSizeList(elem, _) => {
-            elem.data_type()
-        }
-        _ => bail!("Unsopperted list type"),
-    };
+fn list_contains(column: &str, pattern: &Expr, elem_type: &DataType) -> Result<PolarsExpr> {
+    println!("contain {elem_type}");
+    use DataType::*;
+
+    match (elem_type, pattern) {
+        (Int8, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as i8))),
+        (Int16, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as i16))),
+        (Int32, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as i32))),
+        (Int64, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as i64))),
+        (UInt8, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as u8))),
+        (UInt16, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as u16))),
+        (UInt32, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as u32))),
+        (UInt64, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as u64))),
+        (Float32, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n as f32))),
+        (Float64, Expr::Number(n)) => Ok(col(column).list().contains(lit(*n))),
+        (String, Expr::String(s)) => {
+            let re = regex::Regex::new(s)
+                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("invalid contains regex '{s}' for column '{column}'"))?;
+
+            let function = move |s: Series| {
+                let ca = s.list()?;
+                let mut bools = Vec::with_capacity(ca.len());
+
+                ca.into_iter().for_each(|arr| {
+                    let found = if let Some(s) = arr {
+                        s.str()
+                            .map(|ca| {
+                                ca.into_iter()
+                                    .any(|s| s.map(|s| re.is_match(s)).unwrap_or(false))
+                            })
+                            .unwrap_or_default()
+                    } else {
+                        false
+                    };
+
+                    bools.push(found);
+                });
+
+                Ok(Some(BooleanChunked::new(ca.name(), bools).into_series()))
+            };
 
-    match (elem_type, key) {
-        (DataType::Int8, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Int8Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Int16, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Int16Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Int32, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Int32Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Int64, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Int64Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::UInt8, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<UInt8Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::UInt16, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<UInt16Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::UInt32, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<UInt32Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::UInt64, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<UInt64Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Float16, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Float16Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Float32, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Float32Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Float64, Expr::Number(key)) => {
-            list_contains_number::<Float64Type>(column, *key, list_type)
-        }
-        (DataType::Utf8, Expr::String(pattern)) | (DataType::LargeUtf8, Expr::String(pattern)) => {
-            list_contains_utf8(column, pattern, list_type)
+            // Using apply avoid crash with debug build.
+            Ok(col(column).apply(function, GetOutput::from_type(DataType::Boolean)))
         }
         _ => bail!("contains error: invalid type {elem_type} for column '{column}'"),
     }
 }
 
-fn list_contains_number<T>(column: &str, key: f64, list_type: &DataType) -> Result<DFExpr>
-where
-    T: ArrowPrimitiveType,
-    T::Native: num_traits::NumCast,
-{
-    let matcher_udf = move |args: &[ArrayRef]| {
-        assert_eq!(args.len(), 1);
-
-        let key = num_traits::NumCast::from(key).unwrap_or_default();
-        let result = as_list_array(&args[0])?
-            .iter()
-            .map(|list| match list {
-                Some(array) => {
-                    let numbers = as_primitive_array::<T>(&array).ok()?;
-                    Some(
-                        numbers
-                            .iter()
-                            .any(|v| v.map(|n| n.is_eq(key)).unwrap_or(false)),
-                    )
-                }
-                None => Some(false),
-            })
-            .collect::<BooleanArray>();
-        Ok(Arc::new(result) as ArrayRef)
-    };
-
-    let matcher_udf = make_scalar_function(matcher_udf);
-
-    let matcher_udf = create_udf(
-        "matcher",
-        // Expects a list of utf8
-        vec![list_type.clone()],
-        // Returns boolean.
-        Arc::new(DataType::Boolean),
-        Volatility::Immutable,
-        matcher_udf,
-    );
-
-    Ok(matcher_udf.call(vec![args::str_to_col(column)]))
-}
-
-fn list_contains_utf8(column: &str, pattern: &str, list_type: &DataType) -> Result<DFExpr> {
-    let re = regex::Regex::new(pattern)
-        .map_err(|_| anyhow!("invalid contains regex '{pattern}' for column '{column}'"))?;
-
-    let matcher_udf = move |args: &[ArrayRef]| {
-        assert_eq!(args.len(), 1);
-
-        let result = as_list_array(&args[0])?
-            .iter()
-            .map(|list| match list {
-                Some(array) => {
-                    let strings = as_string_array(&array).ok()?;
-                    Some(
-                        strings
-                            .iter()
-                            .any(|v| v.map(|s| re.is_match(s)).unwrap_or(false)),
-                    )
-                }
-                None => Some(false),
-            })
-            .collect::<BooleanArray>();
-        Ok(Arc::new(result) as ArrayRef)
-    };
-
-    let matcher_udf = make_scalar_function(matcher_udf);
-
-    let matcher_udf = create_udf(
-        "matcher",
-        // Expects a list of utf8
-        vec![list_type.clone()],
-        // Returns boolean.
-        Arc::new(DataType::Boolean),
-        Volatility::Immutable,
-        matcher_udf,
-    );
-
-    Ok(matcher_udf.call(vec![args::str_to_col(column)]))
-}
-
-fn string_contains(column: &str, pattern: &Expr) -> Result<DFExpr> {
+fn string_contains(column: &str, pattern: &Expr) -> Result<PolarsExpr> {
     if let Expr::String(re) = pattern {
-        let re = regex::Regex::new(re)
+        regex::Regex::new(re)
             .map_err(|_| anyhow!("invalid contains regex '{re}' for column '{column}'"))?;
 
-        let matcher_udf = move |args: &[ArrayRef]| {
-            // Mathes on only one string argument.
-            assert_eq!(args.len(), 1);
-
-            let result = as_string_array(&args[0])?
-                .iter()
-                .map(|v| v.map(|s| re.is_match(s)).or(Some(false)))
-                .collect::<BooleanArray>();
-            Ok(Arc::new(result) as ArrayRef)
-        };
-
-        let matcher_udf = make_scalar_function(matcher_udf);
-
-        let matcher_udf = create_udf(
-            "matcher",
-            // Expects an array of strings.
-            vec![DataType::Utf8],
-            // Returns boolean.
-            Arc::new(DataType::Boolean),
-            Volatility::Immutable,
-            matcher_udf,
-        );
-
-        Ok(matcher_udf.call(vec![args::str_to_col(column)]))
+        Ok(col(column).str().contains(lit(re.to_owned()), false))
     } else {
         Err(anyhow!(
             "contains predicate for column '{column}' must be a regex"
diff --git a/src/engine/fmt.rs b/src/engine/fmt.rs
index 1b2c11b..c39d1b4 100644
--- a/src/engine/fmt.rs
+++ b/src/engine/fmt.rs
@@ -1,197 +1,76 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::Result;
-use comfy_table::presets::*;
-use comfy_table::*;
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::datatypes::{DataType, IntervalUnit, TimeUnit},
-    arrow::{
-        array::{
-            Array, DurationMicrosecondArray, DurationMillisecondArray, DurationNanosecondArray,
-            DurationSecondArray, Float16Array, Float32Array, Float64Array, Int64Array,
-            IntervalDayTimeArray, IntervalMonthDayNanoArray, IntervalYearMonthArray,
-        },
-        record_batch::RecordBatch,
-        util::display::{ArrayFormatter as ArrowArrayFormatter, FormatOptions},
-    },
-    execution::context::TaskContext,
-    logical_expr::{LogicalPlan, LogicalPlanBuilder},
-};
-use futures::TryStreamExt;
-use std::{io::Write, sync::Arc, time::Instant};
-
-use super::{count, Context};
-
-/// Prints the plan results.
-pub async fn show(ctx: &Context, plan: LogicalPlan) -> Result<()> {
-    // Get column types before consuming the dataframe so that we can show them
-    // even if the dataframe is empty.
-    let format_config = ctx.format_config();
-    let num_cols = plan.schema().fields().len();
-    let truncate_cols = format_config.max_columns < num_cols;
-
-    let mut fields = plan
-        .schema()
-        .fields()
-        .iter()
-        .take(format_config.max_columns)
-        .map(|f| format!("{}\n---\n{}", f.name(), fmt_data_type(f.data_type())))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    if truncate_cols {
-        fields.push("...".to_string());
-    }
-
-    let constraints = fields
-        .iter()
-        .map(|f| {
-            let w = f.len().clamp(5, 16);
-            ColumnConstraint::LowerBoundary(Width::Fixed(w as u16))
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    let mut table = Table::new();
-    table
-        .load_preset(UTF8_FULL_CONDENSED)
-        .set_content_arrangement(ContentArrangement::Dynamic);
-    table.set_header(fields);
-    table.set_constraints(constraints);
-
-    if let Some(cols) = format_config.max_table_width {
-        table.set_width(cols as u16);
-    }
-
-    let fmt_opts = fmt_opts();
-    let mut num_rows = 0;
-
-    let start = Instant::now();
-
-    for_each_batch(ctx, plan, |batch| {
-        num_rows += batch.num_rows();
-        let formatters = batch
-            .columns()
-            .iter()
-            .take(format_config.max_columns)
-            .map(|c| ArrayFormatter::try_new(c.as_ref(), &fmt_opts))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-        for row in 0..batch.num_rows() {
-            let mut cells = formatters
-                .iter()
-                .map(|f| Cell::new(fmt_value(f.value(row), format_config.max_column_width)))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-            if truncate_cols {
-                cells.push(Cell::new("..."));
-            }
-
-            table.add_row(cells);
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    })
-    .await?;
-
-    println!(
-        "shape: ({}, {}) elapsed: {:.3}s",
-        fmt_usize(num_rows),
-        fmt_usize(num_cols),
-        start.elapsed().as_millis() as f64 / 1000.0
-    );
-    println!("{}", table);
-
-    Ok(())
-}
+use comfy_table::presets;
+use comfy_table::{ColumnConstraint, ContentArrangement, Width};
+use comfy_table::{Row, Table};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::{env, io::Write};
 
 /// Prints a dataframe in test format, used for test comparisons.
-pub async fn test(ctx: &Context, plan: LogicalPlan, output: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
-    // Get column types before consuming the dataframe so that we can show them
-    // even if the dataframe is empty.
-    let col_names = plan
-        .schema()
-        .fields()
-        .iter()
-        .map(|f| f.name().to_owned())
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+pub fn df_test(out: &mut dyn Write, df: DataFrame) -> Result<()> {
+    env::set_var("POLARS_FMT_TABLE_CELL_LIST_LEN", "6");
 
-    let col_types = plan
-        .schema()
-        .fields()
-        .iter()
-        .map(|f| fmt_data_type(f.data_type()))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    let mut batches = Vec::new();
-    for_each_batch(ctx, plan, |batch| {
-        batches.push(batch);
-        Ok(())
-    })
-    .await?;
+    let height = df.height();
 
-    let num_rows = batches.iter().map(|b| b.num_rows()).sum::<usize>();
-
-    writeln!(output, "shape: ({}, {})", num_rows, col_names.len())?;
+    let (row, cols) = df.shape();
+    writeln!(out, "shape: ({}, {})", row, cols)?;
 
     // Write columns
-    writeln!(output, "{}", col_names.join("|"))?;
+    let row = df
+        .fields()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|f| f.name().to_string())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join("|");
+    writeln!(out, "{row}")?;
 
     // Write columns types
-    writeln!(output, "{}", col_types.join("|"))?;
+    let row = df
+        .fields()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|f| f.data_type().to_string())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+        .join("|");
+    writeln!(out, "{row}")?;
 
     // Header separator
-    writeln!(output, "---")?;
+    writeln!(out, "---")?;
 
     // Write values
-    let fmt_opts = fmt_opts();
-
-    for batch in batches {
-        let formatters = batch
-            .columns()
+    for i in 0..height {
+        let row = df
+            .get_columns()
             .iter()
-            .map(|c| ArrayFormatter::try_new(c.as_ref(), &fmt_opts))
-            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?;
-
-        for row in 0..batch.num_rows() {
-            let values = formatters
-                .iter()
-                .map(|f| fmt_value(f.value(row), 1024))
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-            writeln!(output, "{}", values.join("|"))?;
-        }
+            .map(|s| s.str_value(i).unwrap())
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+            .join("|");
+        writeln!(out, "{row}")?;
     }
 
     // Data separator
-    writeln!(output, "---")?;
+    writeln!(out, "---")?;
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Prints a dataframe in glimpse format.
-pub async fn glimpse(ctx: &Context, plan: LogicalPlan, output: &mut dyn Write) -> Result<()> {
-    let mut num_rows = 0;
-    let count_plan = count::count(plan.clone(), vec![], "n")?;
-    for_each_batch(ctx, count_plan, |batch| {
-        num_rows = *batch
-            .columns()
-            .first()
-            .and_then(|c| c.as_any().downcast_ref::<Int64Array>())
-            .and_then(|a| a.values().first())
-            .unwrap_or(&0) as usize;
-        Ok(())
-    })
-    .await?;
-
-    let num_cols = plan.schema().fields().len();
-
-    let format_config = ctx.format_config();
+pub fn glimpse(w: &mut dyn Write, df: LazyFrame) -> Result<()> {
+    let num_rows = df
+        .clone()
+        .count()
+        .collect()?
+        .max_horizontal()?
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .max::<usize>()?
+        .unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let df = df.fetch(100)?;
+    let num_cols = df.get_columns().len();
 
     let mut table = Table::new();
     table.set_content_arrangement(ContentArrangement::DynamicFullWidth);
-    table.load_preset(UTF8_FULL_CONDENSED);
-
-    if let Some(cols) = format_config.max_table_width {
-        table.set_width(cols as u16);
-    }
+    table.load_preset(presets::UTF8_FULL_CONDENSED);
 
     let info = format!(
         "Rows: {}\nCols: {}",
@@ -200,41 +79,25 @@ pub async fn glimpse(ctx: &Context, plan: LogicalPlan, output: &mut dyn Write) -
     );
     table.set_header(vec![info, "Type".into(), "Values".into()]);
 
-    const NUM_VALUES: usize = 100;
-
-    let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-        .limit(0, Some(NUM_VALUES))?
-        .build()?;
-
-    let fmt_opts = fmt_opts();
-
-    for_each_batch(ctx, plan, |batch| {
-        let columns = batch.columns().iter();
-
-        for (fld, col) in batch.schema().fields().into_iter().zip(columns) {
-            let mut row = Row::new();
-            row.add_cell(fld.name().into());
-            row.add_cell(fmt_data_type(fld.data_type()).into());
-
-            let fmt = ArrayFormatter::try_new(col.as_ref(), &fmt_opts)?;
-            let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(NUM_VALUES);
-
-            for idx in 0..col.len() {
-                values.push(fmt_value(
-                    fmt.value(idx).to_string(),
-                    format_config.max_column_width,
-                ));
-            }
+    if let Ok(slen) = std::env::var("POLARS_FMT_STR_LEN") {
+        table.set_width(slen.parse()?);
+    }
 
-            row.add_cell(values.join(", ").into());
-            row.max_height(1);
+    for col in df.get_columns() {
+        let mut row = Row::new();
+        row.add_cell(col.name().into());
+        row.add_cell(format!("{}", col.dtype()).into());
 
-            table.add_row(row);
+        let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(10);
+        for value in col.iter() {
+            values.push(format!("{}", value));
         }
 
-        Ok(())
-    })
-    .await?;
+        row.add_cell(values.join(", ").into());
+        row.max_height(1);
+
+        table.add_row(row);
+    }
 
     table.set_constraints(vec![
         ColumnConstraint::LowerBoundary(Width::Fixed(10)),
@@ -242,128 +105,10 @@ pub async fn glimpse(ctx: &Context, plan: LogicalPlan, output: &mut dyn Write) -
         ColumnConstraint::UpperBoundary(Width::Percentage(90)),
     ]);
 
-    writeln!(output, "{table}")?;
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-enum ArrayFormatter<'a> {
-    Arrow(ArrowArrayFormatter<'a>),
-    Float16(&'a Float16Array),
-    Float32(&'a Float32Array),
-    Float64(&'a Float64Array),
-    Duration(TimeUnit, &'a dyn Array),
-    Interval(IntervalUnit, &'a dyn Array),
-}
-
-impl<'a> ArrayFormatter<'a> {
-    pub fn try_new(array: &'a dyn Array, options: &FormatOptions<'a>) -> Result<Self> {
-        let formatter = match array.data_type() {
-            DataType::Float16 => {
-                ArrayFormatter::Float16(array.as_any().downcast_ref::<Float16Array>().unwrap())
-            }
-            DataType::Float32 => {
-                ArrayFormatter::Float32(array.as_any().downcast_ref::<Float32Array>().unwrap())
-            }
-            DataType::Float64 => {
-                ArrayFormatter::Float64(array.as_any().downcast_ref::<Float64Array>().unwrap())
-            }
-            DataType::Duration(tu) => ArrayFormatter::Duration(tu.clone(), array),
-            DataType::Interval(iu) => ArrayFormatter::Interval(iu.clone(), array),
-            _ => ArrayFormatter::Arrow(ArrowArrayFormatter::try_new(array, options)?),
-        };
-
-        Ok(formatter)
-    }
-
-    fn value(&self, idx: usize) -> String {
-        match &self {
-            ArrayFormatter::Arrow(f) => f.value(idx).to_string(),
-            ArrayFormatter::Float16(a) => {
-                if a.is_null(idx) {
-                    "null".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    fmt_float(f64::from(a.value(idx)))
-                }
-            }
-            ArrayFormatter::Float32(a) => {
-                if a.is_null(idx) {
-                    "null".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    fmt_float(f64::from(a.value(idx)))
-                }
-            }
-            ArrayFormatter::Float64(a) => {
-                if a.is_null(idx) {
-                    "null".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    fmt_float(a.value(idx))
-                }
-            }
-            ArrayFormatter::Duration(tu, a) => fmt_duration(tu, *a, idx),
-            ArrayFormatter::Interval(iu, a) => fmt_interval(iu, *a, idx),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Invoke function for each record batch generated by the plan.
-///
-/// This funcion consume the stream for each partition without bringing all the
-/// results in memory.
-async fn for_each_batch<F>(ctx: &Context, plan: LogicalPlan, mut f: F) -> Result<()>
-where
-    F: FnMut(RecordBatch) -> Result<()>,
-{
-    let plan = ctx.create_physical_plan(&plan).await?;
-
-    let task_context = Arc::new(TaskContext::from(ctx.session()));
-    for partition in 0..plan.output_partitioning().partition_count() {
-        let mut stream = plan.execute(partition, task_context.clone())?;
-        while let Some(batch) = stream.try_next().await? {
-            f(batch)?;
-        }
-    }
-
+    writeln!(w, "{table}")?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn fmt_opts<'a>() -> FormatOptions<'a> {
-    FormatOptions::default()
-        .with_display_error(true)
-        .with_null("null")
-}
-
-fn fmt_value(v: String, max_len: usize) -> String {
-    if v.chars().count() <= max_len {
-        v
-    } else {
-        let last_idx = v
-            .char_indices()
-            .take(max_len)
-            .map(|(idx, _)| idx)
-            .last()
-            .unwrap_or(0);
-        format!("{}...", &v[..last_idx])
-    }
-}
-
-fn fmt_float(v: f64) -> String {
-    if v.fract() == 0.0 {
-        format!("{:>.1}", v)
-    } else {
-        let mut s = format!("{:>.6}", v);
-
-        while s.ends_with('0') {
-            s.pop();
-        }
-
-        if s.ends_with('.') {
-            s.push('0');
-        }
-
-        s
-    }
-}
-
 fn fmt_usize(n: usize) -> String {
     // Colon separated groups of 3.
     let mut s = n.to_string();
@@ -374,255 +119,3 @@ fn fmt_usize(n: usize) -> String {
 
     s
 }
-
-fn fmt_duration(tu: &TimeUnit, array: &dyn Array, idx: usize) -> String {
-    if array.is_null(idx) {
-        "null".to_string()
-    } else {
-        let (secs, nsecs) = match tu {
-            TimeUnit::Second => {
-                let secs = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<DurationSecondArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx);
-                (secs, 0)
-            }
-            TimeUnit::Millisecond => {
-                let msecs = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<DurationMillisecondArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx);
-                (msecs / 1_000, (msecs % 1_000) * 1_000_000)
-            }
-            TimeUnit::Microsecond => {
-                let musecs = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<DurationMicrosecondArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx);
-                (musecs / 1_000_000, (musecs % 1_000_000) * 1_000)
-            }
-            TimeUnit::Nanosecond => {
-                let nsecs = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<DurationNanosecondArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx);
-                (nsecs / 1_000_000_000, nsecs % 1_000_000_000)
-            }
-        };
-
-        let days = secs / 86_400;
-        let hours = (secs % 86_400) / 3600;
-        let mins = (secs % 3_600) / 60;
-        let secs = secs % 60;
-
-        let dhm = if days > 0 {
-            format!("{days}d {hours}h {mins}m ")
-        } else if hours > 0 {
-            format!("{hours}h {mins}m ")
-        } else if mins > 0 {
-            format!("{mins}m ")
-        } else {
-            "".to_string()
-        };
-
-        if nsecs % 1_000 != 0 {
-            format!("{dhm}{secs}.{nsecs}s")
-        } else if nsecs % 1_000_000 != 0 {
-            format!("{dhm}{secs}.{}s", nsecs / 1_000)
-        } else if nsecs % 1_000_000_000 != 0 {
-            format!("{dhm}{secs}.{}s", nsecs / 1_000_000)
-        } else {
-            format!("{dhm}{secs}s")
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn fmt_interval(iu: &IntervalUnit, array: &dyn Array, idx: usize) -> String {
-    if array.is_null(idx) {
-        "null".to_string()
-    } else {
-        match iu {
-            IntervalUnit::YearMonth => {
-                let interval = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<IntervalYearMonthArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx) as f64;
-                let years = (interval / 12_f64).floor();
-                let month = interval - (years * 12_f64);
-                format!("{years}Y {month}M")
-            }
-            IntervalUnit::DayTime => {
-                let value = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<IntervalDayTimeArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx) as u64;
-
-                let days: i32 = ((value & 0xFFFFFFFF00000000) >> 32) as i32;
-                let ms_part: i32 = (value & 0xFFFFFFFF) as i32;
-                let secs = ms_part / 1_000;
-                let mins = secs / 60;
-                let hours = mins / 60;
-                let secs = secs - (mins * 60);
-                let mins = mins - (hours * 60);
-                let ms = ms_part % 1_000;
-                let sign = if secs < 0 || ms < 0 { "-" } else { "" };
-
-                if days != 0 {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}D {}h {}m {}{}.{:03}s",
-                        days,
-                        hours,
-                        mins,
-                        sign,
-                        secs.abs(),
-                        ms.abs(),
-                    )
-                } else if hours != 0 {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}h {}m {}{}.{:03}s",
-                        hours,
-                        mins,
-                        sign,
-                        secs.abs(),
-                        ms.abs(),
-                    )
-                } else if mins != 0 {
-                    format!("{}m {}{}.{:03}s", mins, sign, secs.abs(), ms.abs(),)
-                } else {
-                    format!("{}{}.{:03}s", sign, secs.abs(), ms.abs())
-                }
-            }
-            IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano => {
-                let value = array
-                    .as_any()
-                    .downcast_ref::<IntervalMonthDayNanoArray>()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .value(idx) as u128;
-
-                let months: i32 = ((value & 0xFFFFFFFF000000000000000000000000) >> 96) as i32;
-                let days: i32 = ((value & 0xFFFFFFFF0000000000000000) >> 64) as i32;
-                let ns_part: i64 = (value & 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) as i64;
-                let secs = ns_part / 1_000_000_000;
-                let mins = secs / 60;
-                let hours = mins / 60;
-                let secs = secs - (mins * 60);
-                let mins = mins - (hours * 60);
-                let ns = ns_part % 1_000_000_000;
-                let secs_sign = if secs < 0 || ns < 0 { "-" } else { "" };
-
-                let ns = if ns == 0 {
-                    "s".to_string()
-                } else {
-                    format!(".{:09}s", ns.abs())
-                };
-
-                if months != 0 {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}M {}D {}h {}m {}{}{ns}",
-                        months,
-                        days,
-                        hours,
-                        mins,
-                        secs_sign,
-                        secs.abs(),
-                    )
-                } else if days != 0 {
-                    format!(
-                        "{}D {}h {}m {}{}{ns}",
-                        days,
-                        hours,
-                        mins,
-                        secs_sign,
-                        secs.abs(),
-                    )
-                } else if hours != 0 {
-                    format!("{}h {}m {}{}{ns}", hours, mins, secs_sign, secs.abs(),)
-                } else if mins != 0 {
-                    format!("{}m {}{}{ns}", mins, secs_sign, secs.abs())
-                } else {
-                    format!("{}{}{ns}", secs_sign, secs.abs())
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn fmt_data_type(dt: &DataType) -> String {
-    let s = match dt {
-        DataType::Null => "null",
-        DataType::Boolean => "bool",
-        DataType::Int8 => "i8",
-        DataType::Int16 => "i16",
-        DataType::Int32 => "i32",
-        DataType::Int64 => "i64",
-        DataType::UInt8 => "u8",
-        DataType::UInt16 => "u16",
-        DataType::UInt32 => "u32",
-        DataType::UInt64 => "u64",
-        DataType::Float16 => "f16",
-        DataType::Float32 => "f32",
-        DataType::Float64 => "f64",
-        DataType::Timestamp(tu, tz) => {
-            return match tz {
-                Some(tz) => format!("datetime[{}, {}]", fmt_time_unit(tu), tz),
-                None => format!("datetime[{}]", fmt_time_unit(tu)),
-            }
-        }
-        DataType::Date32 => "date32",
-        DataType::Date64 => "date64",
-        DataType::Time32(tu) | DataType::Time64(tu) => {
-            return format!("time[{}]", fmt_time_unit(tu))
-        }
-        DataType::Duration(tu) => return format!("duration[{}]", fmt_time_unit(tu)),
-        DataType::Interval(iu) => return format!("interval[{}]", fmt_interval_unit(iu)),
-        DataType::Binary => "binary",
-        DataType::FixedSizeBinary(_) => "binary",
-        DataType::LargeBinary => "binary",
-        DataType::Utf8 => "str",
-        DataType::LargeUtf8 => "str",
-        DataType::List(inner) | DataType::FixedSizeList(inner, _) | DataType::LargeList(inner) => {
-            return format!("list[{}]", fmt_data_type(inner.data_type()));
-        }
-        DataType::Struct(fields) => return format!("struct[{}]", fields.len()),
-        DataType::Union(fields, _) => return format!("union[{}]", fields.len()),
-        DataType::Dictionary(k, v) => {
-            return format!("dict[{}, {}]", fmt_data_type(k), fmt_data_type(v))
-        }
-        DataType::Decimal128(p, s) | DataType::Decimal256(p, s) => {
-            return format!("decimal[.{p},{s}]")
-        }
-        DataType::Map(v, _) => return format!("map[{}]", fmt_data_type(v.data_type())),
-        DataType::RunEndEncoded(rf, vf) => {
-            return format!(
-                "ree[{}, {}]",
-                fmt_data_type(rf.data_type()),
-                fmt_data_type(vf.data_type())
-            )
-        }
-    };
-
-    s.to_string()
-}
-
-fn fmt_time_unit(tu: &TimeUnit) -> &str {
-    match tu {
-        TimeUnit::Second => "s",
-        TimeUnit::Millisecond => "ms",
-        TimeUnit::Microsecond => "μs",
-        TimeUnit::Nanosecond => "ns",
-    }
-}
-
-fn fmt_interval_unit(iu: &IntervalUnit) -> &str {
-    match iu {
-        IntervalUnit::YearMonth => "ym",
-        IntervalUnit::DayTime => "dt",
-        IntervalUnit::MonthDayNano => "mdn",
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/engine/glimpse.rs b/src/engine/glimpse.rs
index 19d6d46..96f5dfb 100644
--- a/src/engine/glimpse.rs
+++ b/src/engine/glimpse.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(_args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        ctx.glimpse(plan)?;
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        ctx.glimpse(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("glimpse error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/group_by.rs b/src/engine/group_by.rs
index 35e1a73..2dd1ff2 100644
--- a/src/engine/group_by.rs
+++ b/src/engine/group_by.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
         let mut columns = Vec::new();
 
@@ -20,14 +21,14 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                     bail!("group_by error: Unknown column {column}");
                 }
 
-                let expr = args::str_to_col(column);
+                let expr = col(column);
                 if !columns.contains(&expr) {
                     columns.push(expr);
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        ctx.set_group(plan, columns);
+        ctx.set_group(df.group_by_stable(&columns))?;
     } else {
         bail!("group_by error: missing input dataframe");
     }
diff --git a/src/engine/head.rs b/src/engine/head.rs
index 0a40ffa..580652f 100644
--- a/src/engine/head.rs
+++ b/src/engine/head.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -11,18 +10,15 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let limit = if !args.is_empty() {
-            args::number(&args[0]) as usize
+            args::number(&args[0]) as u32
         } else {
             10
         };
 
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-            .limit(0, Some(limit))?
-            .build()?;
-
-        ctx.show(plan)?;
+        let df = df.limit(limit).collect()?;
+        ctx.print(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("head error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/io.rs b/src/engine/io.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e8a339b..0000000
--- a/src/engine/io.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::{datatypes::SchemaRef, record_batch::RecordBatch},
-    execution::context::TaskContext,
-    logical_expr::LogicalPlan,
-};
-use futures::StreamExt;
-use std::sync::Arc;
-use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-
-use super::*;
-
-pub fn execute_plan(
-    plan: LogicalPlan,
-    ctx: &mut Context,
-) -> Result<(SchemaRef, mpsc::Receiver<Result<RecordBatch>>)> {
-    ctx.block_on(async {
-        let plan = ctx.create_physical_plan(&plan).await?;
-        let task_context = Arc::new(TaskContext::from(ctx.session()));
-
-        let num_partitions = plan.output_partitioning().partition_count();
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel::<Result<RecordBatch>>(num_partitions * 16);
-
-        for partition in 0..plan.output_partitioning().partition_count() {
-            tokio::task::spawn({
-                let plan = plan.clone();
-                let sender = tx.clone();
-                let task_context = task_context.clone();
-                async move {
-                    match plan.execute(partition, task_context) {
-                        Ok(mut s) => {
-                            while let Some(batch) = s.next().await {
-                                sender
-                                    .send(batch.map_err(anyhow::Error::from))
-                                    .await
-                                    .unwrap();
-                            }
-                        }
-                        Err(e) => sender
-                            .send(Err(anyhow!("Plan exec error: {e}")))
-                            .await
-                            .unwrap(),
-                    }
-                }
-            });
-        }
-
-        Ok::<_, anyhow::Error>((plan.schema(), rx))
-    })
-    .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
-}
diff --git a/src/engine/joins.rs b/src/engine/joins.rs
index ae5d585..f0155ad 100644
--- a/src/engine/joins.rs
+++ b/src/engine/joins.rs
@@ -1,83 +1,44 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    common::{Column, JoinType as DFJoinType},
-    logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder,
-};
+use polars::prelude::*;
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
 use super::*;
 
-/// Join type
-pub enum JoinType {
-    /// Anti left join.
-    Anti,
-    /// Cross join
-    Cross,
-    /// Inner join
-    Inner,
-    /// Left join
-    Left,
-    /// Outer join
-    Outer,
-}
-
-const LHS_TABLE: &str = "lhs";
-const RHS_TABLE: &str = "rhs";
-
 /// Evaluates a join call.
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context, join_type: JoinType) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(lhs_plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(lhs_df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let rhs_df_name = args::identifier(&args[0]);
-        if let Some(rhs_plan) = ctx.get_plan(&rhs_df_name) {
-            // Assign table names to the left and right sides to avoid
-            // collisions when tables have columns with the same name.
-            let lhs_plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(lhs_plan)
-                .alias(LHS_TABLE)?
-                .build()?;
-
-            let rhs_plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(rhs_plan)
-                .alias(RHS_TABLE)?
-                .build()?;
-
-            let lhs_schema = lhs_plan.schema();
-            let rhs_schema = rhs_plan.schema();
+        if let Some(rhs_df) = ctx.get_df(&rhs_df_name) {
+            let lhs_schema = lhs_df.schema().map_err(|e| anyhow!("join error: {e}"))?;
+            let rhs_schema = rhs_df.schema().map_err(|e| anyhow!("join error: {e}"))?;
 
             let lhs_schema_cols = lhs_schema
-                .fields()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|f| f.name().to_owned())
+                .iter_names()
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
                 .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
 
             let rhs_schema_cols = rhs_schema
-                .fields()
-                .iter()
-                .map(|f| f.name().to_owned())
+                .iter_names()
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
                 .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
 
             // If no join columns are specified use common columns
             let (lhs_cols, rhs_cols) = if args.len() == 1 {
                 let common_cols = lhs_schema_cols
                     .intersection(&rhs_schema_cols)
-                    .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                    .map(|s| col(s))
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                 if common_cols.is_empty() {
                     bail!("join error: Missing join columns for '{rhs_df_name}'");
                 }
-                common_cols
-                    .into_iter()
-                    .map(|s| {
-                        (
-                            Column::new(Some(LHS_TABLE), s.clone()),
-                            Column::new(Some(RHS_TABLE), s),
-                        )
-                    })
-                    .unzip()
+
+                (common_cols.clone(), common_cols)
             } else {
                 let mut lhs_cols = Vec::with_capacity(args.len());
                 let mut rhs_cols = Vec::with_capacity(args.len());
@@ -88,24 +49,18 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context, join_type: JoinType) -> Result<()>
                         if !lhs_schema_cols.contains(&lhs_col) {
                             bail!("join error: Unknown column '{lhs_col}'");
                         }
-                        lhs_cols.push(Column::new(Some(LHS_TABLE), lhs_col.clone()));
+                        lhs_cols.push(col(&lhs_col));
 
                         let rhs_col = args::identifier(rhs);
                         if !rhs_schema_cols.contains(&rhs_col) {
                             bail!("join error: Unknown column '{rhs_col}'");
                         }
-                        rhs_cols.push(Column::new(Some(RHS_TABLE), rhs_col.clone()));
-
-                        let lhs_type = lhs_schema
-                            .field_with_unqualified_name(&lhs_col)
-                            .map(|f| f.data_type());
+                        rhs_cols.push(col(&rhs_col));
 
-                        let rhs_type = rhs_schema
-                            .field_with_unqualified_name(&rhs_col)
-                            .map(|f| f.data_type());
-
-                        let have_same_type = lhs_type
-                            .and_then(|lt| rhs_type.map(|rt| lt == rt))
+                        let have_same_type = lhs_schema
+                            .get(&lhs_col)
+                            .zip(rhs_schema.get(&rhs_col))
+                            .map(|(ldt, rdt)| ldt == rdt)
                             .unwrap_or(false);
                         if !have_same_type {
                             bail!(
@@ -118,32 +73,8 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context, join_type: JoinType) -> Result<()>
                 (lhs_cols, rhs_cols)
             };
 
-            let plan = if let JoinType::Cross = join_type {
-                LogicalPlanBuilder::from(lhs_plan)
-                    .cross_join(rhs_plan)?
-                    .build()?
-            } else {
-                let join_type = match join_type {
-                    JoinType::Inner => DFJoinType::Inner,
-                    JoinType::Left => DFJoinType::Left,
-                    JoinType::Anti => DFJoinType::LeftAnti,
-                    _ => DFJoinType::Full,
-                };
-
-                LogicalPlanBuilder::from(lhs_plan)
-                    .join(rhs_plan, join_type, (lhs_cols, rhs_cols.clone()), None)?
-                    .build()?
-            };
-
-            // Remove righ table columns for inner and left join.
-            let plan = match join_type {
-                JoinType::Inner | JoinType::Left => remove_rhs_columns(plan, rhs_cols)?,
-                _ => plan,
-            };
-
-            let plan = rename_duplicate_columns(plan)?;
-
-            ctx.set_plan(plan);
+            let join_args = JoinArgs::new(join_type);
+            ctx.set_df(lhs_df.join(rhs_df.clone(), lhs_cols, rhs_cols, join_args))?;
         } else {
             bail!("join error: undefined dataframe variable '{rhs_df_name}'");
         }
@@ -155,52 +86,3 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context, join_type: JoinType) -> Result<()>
 
     Ok(())
 }
-
-fn remove_rhs_columns(plan: LogicalPlan, rhs_cols: Vec<Column>) -> Result<LogicalPlan> {
-    let columns = plan
-        .schema()
-        .fields()
-        .iter()
-        .map(|f| f.qualified_column())
-        .filter(|c| !rhs_cols.contains(c))
-        .map(DFExpr::Column)
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-    let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).project(columns)?.build()?;
-    Ok(plan)
-}
-
-fn rename_duplicate_columns(plan: LogicalPlan) -> Result<LogicalPlan> {
-    let mut duplicates = HashSet::new();
-    let mut found = HashSet::new();
-
-    for field in plan.schema().fields() {
-        if found.contains(field.name()) {
-            duplicates.insert(field.name().to_owned());
-        } else {
-            found.insert(field.name().to_owned());
-        }
-    }
-
-    let columns = plan
-        .schema()
-        .fields()
-        .iter()
-        .map(|f| {
-            let column = f.qualified_column();
-            let is_rhs = column
-                .relation
-                .as_ref()
-                .map(|r| r.table() == RHS_TABLE)
-                .unwrap_or(false);
-            let expr = DFExpr::Column(column.clone());
-            if is_rhs && duplicates.contains(f.name()) {
-                expr.alias(format!("{}_rhs", column.name))
-            } else {
-                expr
-            }
-        })
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-    let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).project(columns)?.build()?;
-    Ok(plan)
-}
diff --git a/src/engine/json.rs b/src/engine/json.rs
index 0648976..0febba1 100644
--- a/src/engine/json.rs
+++ b/src/engine/json.rs
@@ -1,17 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::json,
-    common::DEFAULT_JSON_EXTENSION,
-    datasource::{
-        file_format::json::JsonFormat,
-        listing::{ListingOptions, ListingTable, ListingTableConfig, ListingTableUrl},
-        provider_as_source,
-    },
-    logical_expr::{LogicalPlanBuilder, UNNAMED_TABLE},
-};
-use std::{num::NonZeroUsize, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -21,61 +12,31 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    let path = args::string(&args[0]);
-    let overwrite = args::named_bool(args, "overwrite");
+    let path = PathBuf::from(args::string(&args[0]));
+    let overwrite = args::named_bool(args, "overwrite")?;
 
     // If there is an input dataframe save it to disk.
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        if !overwrite && Path::new(&path).exists() {
-            bail!("json error: file '{}' already exists.", path);
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        if !overwrite && path.exists() {
+            bail!("json error: file '{}' already exists.", path.display());
         }
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan.clone());
-
-        let (_, mut rx) = io::execute_plan(plan, ctx)?;
-
         let file = std::fs::File::create(&path)
-            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("json error: cannot create file '{}' {e}", path))?;
-        let mut writer = json::LineDelimitedWriter::new(file);
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("parquet error: cannot create file '{}' {e}", path.display()))?;
 
-        while let Some(batch) = rx.blocking_recv() {
-            writer.write(&batch?)?;
-        }
+        let mut out_df = df.clone().collect()?;
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
+
+        JsonWriter::new(file)
+            .with_json_format(JsonFormat::JsonLines)
+            .finish(&mut out_df)?;
     } else {
         // Read the data frame and set it as input for the next task.
-        let table_path = ListingTableUrl::parse(&path)?;
-
-        let num_cpus = std::thread::available_parallelism()
-            .unwrap_or(NonZeroUsize::new(2).unwrap())
-            .get();
-
-        let schema_infer_rows = args::named_usize(args, "schema_rows")?;
-
-        let file_format = JsonFormat::default().with_schema_infer_max_rec(schema_infer_rows);
-
-        // Use default extension for recursive loading.
-        let extension = if Path::new(&path).is_dir() {
-            DEFAULT_JSON_EXTENSION
-        } else {
-            ""
-        };
-
-        let listing_options = ListingOptions::new(Arc::new(file_format))
-            .with_file_extension(extension)
-            .with_target_partitions(num_cpus);
-
-        let resolved_schema =
-            ctx.block_on(listing_options.infer_schema(&ctx.session().state(), &table_path))?;
-
-        let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_path)
-            .with_listing_options(listing_options)
-            .with_schema(resolved_schema);
-
-        let table_provider = ListingTable::try_new(config)?;
-        let table_source = provider_as_source(Arc::new(table_provider));
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::scan(UNNAMED_TABLE, table_source, None)?.build()?;
-
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        let df = LazyJsonLineReader::new(&path)
+            .with_infer_schema_length(Some(1000))
+            .finish()
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("json error: cannot read file '{}' {e}", path.display()))?;
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/src/engine/mutate.rs b/src/engine/mutate.rs
index 4b5c02a..66bdfbf 100644
--- a/src/engine/mutate.rs
+++ b/src/engine/mutate.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::{array::ArrayRef, compute::kernels, datatypes::*},
-    common::{
-        tree_node::{Transformed, TreeNode},
-        DFSchema,
-    },
-    logical_expr::{
-        aggregate_function::AggregateFunction, cast, create_udf, expr, expr_fn, lit, utils,
-        window_frame::WindowFrame, BuiltInWindowFunction, Expr as DFExpr, LogicalPlanBuilder,
-        Volatility, WindowFunction,
-    },
-    physical_plan::functions::make_scalar_function,
-};
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use polars::lazy::dsl::{duration, DurationArgs, Expr as PolarsExpr, StrptimeOptions};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
@@ -23,53 +25,31 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(mut plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(mut df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        let mut used_aliases = HashSet::new();
+
         for arg in args {
             match arg {
                 Expr::BinaryOp(lhs, Operator::Assign, rhs) => {
-                    // Save current plan columns for projection
-                    let schema_cols = plan
-                        .schema()
-                        .fields()
-                        .iter()
-                        .map(|f| f.name().to_owned())
-                        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
                     let alias = args::identifier(lhs);
-                    let expr = eval_expr(rhs, &plan)
-                        .map_err(|e| anyhow!("mutate error: {e}"))?
-                        .alias(&alias);
-
-                    // Extract window functions for evaluation before project.
-                    let window_exprs = utils::find_window_exprs(&[expr.clone()]);
-                    plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::window_plan(plan, window_exprs)?;
-
-                    // Transform window functions expression to column expressions
-                    // so that we can use them in the final projection plan.
-                    let expr = expr.transform(&|expr| {
-                        if matches!(expr, DFExpr::WindowFunction { .. }) {
-                            let expr = utils::expr_as_column_expr(&expr, &plan)?;
-                            Ok(Transformed::Yes(expr))
-                        } else {
-                            Ok(Transformed::No(expr))
-                        }
-                    })?;
-
-                    // Replace or append evaluated expression for projection.
-                    let mut columns = schema_cols.iter().map(args::str_to_col).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                    if let Some(idx) = schema_cols.iter().position(|c| c == &alias) {
-                        columns[idx] = expr;
+                    if used_aliases.contains(&alias) {
+                        bail!("mutate error: duplicate alias '{alias}'");
                     } else {
-                        columns.push(expr);
-                    };
+                        used_aliases.insert(alias.clone());
+                    }
 
-                    plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).project(columns)?.build()?;
+                    let expr = df
+                        .schema()
+                        .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+                        .and_then(|schema| eval_expr(rhs, &schema))
+                        .map_err(|e| anyhow!("mutate error: {e}"))?;
+                    df = df.with_column(expr.alias(&alias));
                 }
                 _ => panic!("Unexpected mutate expression: {arg}"),
             }
         }
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("mutate error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
@@ -79,172 +59,110 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn eval_expr(expr: &Expr, plan: &LogicalPlan) -> Result<DFExpr> {
-    let schema = plan.schema();
+fn eval_expr(expr: &Expr, schema: &Schema) -> Result<PolarsExpr> {
     match expr {
         Expr::BinaryOp(lhs, op, rhs) => {
-            let lhs = eval_expr(lhs, plan)?;
-            let rhs = eval_expr(rhs, plan)?;
+            let lhs = eval_expr(lhs, schema)?;
+            let rhs = eval_expr(rhs, schema)?;
 
             let result = match op {
                 Operator::Plus => lhs + rhs,
                 Operator::Minus => lhs - rhs,
                 Operator::Multiply => lhs * rhs,
                 Operator::Divide => lhs / rhs,
-                Operator::Mod => lhs % expr_fn::cast(rhs, DataType::UInt64),
+                Operator::Mod => lhs % rhs.cast(DataType::UInt64),
                 _ => panic!("Unexpected mutate operator {op}"),
             };
 
             Ok(result)
         }
-        Expr::Identifier(_) => args::expr_to_col(expr, plan.schema()),
+        Expr::Identifier(_) => args::column(expr, schema),
         Expr::String(s) => Ok(lit(s.clone())),
         Expr::Number(n) => Ok(lit(*n)),
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "ymd_hms" => {
-            args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::to_timestamp_millis)
-        }
-        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dnanos" => {
-            args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(|e| to_duration(e, TimeUnit::Nanosecond))
-        }
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| {
+                c.str().to_datetime(
+                    Some(TimeUnit::Nanoseconds),
+                    None,
+                    StrptimeOptions::default(),
+                    lit("raise"),
+                )
+            })
+        }
+        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dnanos" => args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| {
+            duration(DurationArgs {
+                nanoseconds: c,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+        }),
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dmicros" => {
-            args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(|e| to_duration(e, TimeUnit::Microsecond))
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| {
+                duration(DurationArgs {
+                    microseconds: c,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                })
+            })
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dmillis" => {
-            args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(|e| to_duration(e, TimeUnit::Millisecond))
-        }
-        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dsecs" => {
-            args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(|e| to_duration(e, TimeUnit::Second))
-        }
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| {
+                duration(DurationArgs {
+                    milliseconds: c,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                })
+            })
+        }
+        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "dsecs" => args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| {
+            duration(DurationArgs {
+                seconds: c,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+        }),
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "nanos" => {
-            duration_to_i64(&args[0], schema, TimeUnit::Nanosecond)
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.dt().total_nanoseconds())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "micros" => {
-            duration_to_i64(&args[0], schema, TimeUnit::Microsecond)
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.dt().total_microseconds())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "millis" => {
-            duration_to_i64(&args[0], schema, TimeUnit::Millisecond)
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.dt().total_milliseconds())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "secs" => {
-            duration_to_i64(&args[0], schema, TimeUnit::Second)
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.dt().total_seconds())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "field" => {
             let field_name = args::identifier(&args[1]);
-            args::expr_to_qualified_col(&args[0], schema).map(|e| e.field(field_name))
-        }
-        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "len" => {
-            let column = args::identifier(&args[0]);
-            match schema
-                .field_with_unqualified_name(&column)
-                .map(|f| f.data_type())
-            {
-                Ok(dt @ DataType::List(_) | dt @ DataType::Utf8) => list_len(&column, dt),
-                Ok(_) => Err(anyhow!("`len` column '{column}' must be a list or string")),
-                Err(_) => Err(anyhow!("Unknown column '{column}'")),
-            }
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.struct_().field_by_name(&field_name))
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "mean" => {
-            args::expr_to_qualified_col(&args[0], schema)
-                .map(|e| window_fn(e, AggregateFunction::Avg))
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.mean())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "median" => {
-            args::expr_to_qualified_col(&args[0], schema)
-                .map(|e| window_fn(e, AggregateFunction::Median))
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.median())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "min" => {
-            args::expr_to_qualified_col(&args[0], schema)
-                .map(|e| window_fn(e, AggregateFunction::Min))
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.min())
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "max" => {
-            args::expr_to_qualified_col(&args[0], schema)
-                .map(|e| window_fn(e, AggregateFunction::Max))
+            args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.max())
+        }
+        Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "len" => {
+            let column = args::identifier(&args[0]);
+            match schema.get(&column) {
+                Some(DataType::List(_)) => Ok(col(&column).list().len()),
+                Some(DataType::String) => Ok(col(&column).str().len_chars()),
+                Some(_) => Err(anyhow!("`len` column '{column}' must be list or String")),
+                None => Err(anyhow!("Unknown column '{column}'")),
+            }
+        }
+        Expr::Function(name, _args) if name == "row" => {
+            let (col_name, _) = schema
+                .get_at_index(0)
+                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("No columns found"))?;
+            Ok(col(col_name).map(
+                |s| Ok(Some(Series::from_iter(1..=(s.len() as u64)))),
+                GetOutput::from_type(DataType::UInt64),
+            ))
         }
-        Expr::Function(name, _args) if name == "row" => Ok(row_fn()),
         _ => panic!("Unexpected mutate expression {expr}"),
     }
 }
-
-fn to_duration(expr: DFExpr, time_unit: TimeUnit) -> DFExpr {
-    let i64_expr = cast(expr, DataType::Int64);
-    cast(i64_expr, DataType::Duration(time_unit))
-}
-
-fn duration_to_i64(expr: &Expr, schema: &DFSchema, to_unit: TimeUnit) -> Result<DFExpr> {
-    let col_expr = args::expr_to_col(expr, schema)?;
-    let col_name = args::identifier(expr);
-
-    let data_type = schema
-        .field_with_unqualified_name(&col_name)
-        .map(|f| f.data_type())
-        .map_err(|_| anyhow!("Unknown column {col_name}"))?;
-
-    if let DataType::Duration(duration_unit) = data_type {
-        let units = cast(col_expr, DataType::Int64);
-        let result = match (duration_unit, to_unit) {
-            (TimeUnit::Second, TimeUnit::Second)
-            | (TimeUnit::Millisecond, TimeUnit::Millisecond)
-            | (TimeUnit::Microsecond, TimeUnit::Microsecond)
-            | (TimeUnit::Nanosecond, TimeUnit::Nanosecond) => units,
-
-            (TimeUnit::Second, TimeUnit::Millisecond)
-            | (TimeUnit::Microsecond, TimeUnit::Nanosecond)
-            | (TimeUnit::Millisecond, TimeUnit::Microsecond) => units * lit(1_000),
-
-            (TimeUnit::Second, TimeUnit::Microsecond)
-            | (TimeUnit::Millisecond, TimeUnit::Nanosecond) => units * lit(1_000_000),
-
-            (TimeUnit::Second, TimeUnit::Nanosecond) => units * lit(1_000_000_000),
-
-            (TimeUnit::Millisecond, TimeUnit::Second)
-            | (TimeUnit::Microsecond, TimeUnit::Millisecond)
-            | (TimeUnit::Nanosecond, TimeUnit::Microsecond) => units / lit(1_000.0),
-
-            (TimeUnit::Microsecond, TimeUnit::Second)
-            | (TimeUnit::Nanosecond, TimeUnit::Millisecond) => units / lit(1_000_000.0),
-            (TimeUnit::Nanosecond, TimeUnit::Second) => units / lit(1_000_000_000.0),
-        };
-
-        Ok(cast(result, DataType::Int64))
-    } else {
-        Err(anyhow!("Column '{col_name}' must be a duration type"))
-    }
-}
-
-fn window_fn(expr: DFExpr, agg: AggregateFunction) -> DFExpr {
-    DFExpr::WindowFunction(expr::WindowFunction::new(
-        WindowFunction::AggregateFunction(agg),
-        vec![expr],
-        vec![],
-        vec![],
-        WindowFrame::new(false),
-    ))
-}
-
-fn row_fn() -> DFExpr {
-    DFExpr::WindowFunction(expr::WindowFunction::new(
-        WindowFunction::BuiltInWindowFunction(BuiltInWindowFunction::RowNumber),
-        vec![],
-        vec![],
-        vec![],
-        WindowFrame::new(false),
-    ))
-}
-
-fn list_len(column: &str, list_type: &DataType) -> Result<DFExpr> {
-    let len_udf = move |args: &[ArrayRef]| {
-        assert_eq!(args.len(), 1);
-        let result = kernels::length::length(&args[0])?;
-        Ok(result)
-    };
-
-    let len_udf = make_scalar_function(len_udf);
-
-    let len_udf = create_udf(
-        "len",
-        vec![list_type.clone()],
-        Arc::new(DataType::Int32),
-        Volatility::Immutable,
-        len_udf,
-    );
-
-    Ok(len_udf.call(vec![args::str_to_col(column)]))
-}
diff --git a/src/engine/parquet.rs b/src/engine/parquet.rs
index 57846c0..aa4c6f9 100644
--- a/src/engine/parquet.rs
+++ b/src/engine/parquet.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    common::DEFAULT_PARQUET_EXTENSION,
-    datasource::{
-        file_format::parquet::ParquetFormat,
-        listing::{ListingOptions, ListingTable, ListingTableConfig, ListingTableUrl},
-        provider_as_source,
-    },
-    logical_expr::{LogicalPlanBuilder, UNNAMED_TABLE},
-    parquet::{
-        arrow::arrow_writer::ArrowWriter,
-        basic::{Compression, ZstdLevel},
-        file::properties::WriterProperties,
-    },
-};
-use std::{num::NonZeroUsize, path::Path, sync::Arc};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 use crate::parser::Expr;
 
@@ -25,63 +12,29 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    let path = args::string(&args[0]);
-    let overwrite = args::named_bool(args, "overwrite");
+    // parquet("nyctaxi.parquet")
+    let path = PathBuf::from(args::string(&args[0]));
+    // parquet("nyctaxi.parquet", overwrite = true)
+    let overwrite = args::named_bool(args, "overwrite")?;
 
     // If there is an input dataframe save it to disk.
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        if !overwrite && Path::new(&path).exists() {
-            bail!("parquet error: file '{}' already exists.", path);
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        if !overwrite && path.exists() {
+            bail!("parquet error: file '{}' already exists.", path.display());
         }
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan.clone());
-
-        let (schema, mut rx) = io::execute_plan(plan, ctx)?;
-
         let file = std::fs::File::create(&path)
-            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("parquet error: cannot create file '{}' {e}", path))?;
-        let props = WriterProperties::builder()
-            .set_compression(Compression::ZSTD(ZstdLevel::default()))
-            .build();
-        let mut writer = ArrowWriter::try_new(file, schema, Some(props))?;
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("parquet error: cannot create file '{}' {e}", path.display()))?;
 
-        while let Some(batch) = rx.blocking_recv() {
-            writer.write(&batch?)?;
-        }
+        let mut out_df = df.clone().collect()?;
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
 
-        writer.close()?;
+        ParquetWriter::new(file).finish(&mut out_df)?;
     } else {
         // Read the data frame and set it as input for the next task.
-        let table_path = ListingTableUrl::parse(&path)?;
-
-        let num_cpus = std::thread::available_parallelism()
-            .unwrap_or(NonZeroUsize::new(2).unwrap())
-            .get();
-
-        // Use default extension for recursive loading.
-        let extension = if Path::new(&path).is_dir() {
-            DEFAULT_PARQUET_EXTENSION
-        } else {
-            ""
-        };
-
-        let file_format = ParquetFormat::new();
-        let listing_options = ListingOptions::new(Arc::new(file_format))
-            .with_file_extension(extension)
-            .with_target_partitions(num_cpus);
-
-        let resolved_schema =
-            ctx.block_on(listing_options.infer_schema(&ctx.session().state(), &table_path))?;
-
-        let config = ListingTableConfig::new(table_path)
-            .with_listing_options(listing_options)
-            .with_schema(resolved_schema);
-
-        let table_provider = ListingTable::try_new(config)?;
-        let table_source = provider_as_source(Arc::new(table_provider));
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::scan(UNNAMED_TABLE, table_source, None)?.build()?;
-
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        let df = LazyFrame::scan_parquet(&path, ScanArgsParquet::default())
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("parquet error: cannot read file '{}' {e}", path.display()))?;
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
diff --git a/src/engine/relocate.rs b/src/engine/relocate.rs
index e5b5138..16232d4 100644
--- a/src/engine/relocate.rs
+++ b/src/engine/relocate.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ enum RelocateTo {
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        let mut schema_cols = ctx.columns().clone();
-        let mut relocate_cols = Vec::new();
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
+        let mut relocate_cols = Vec::<&str>::new();
         let mut relocate_to = RelocateTo::Default;
 
         for arg in args {
@@ -48,14 +48,15 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                         bail!("relocate error: Unknown column {column}");
                     }
 
-                    if !relocate_cols.contains(column) {
-                        relocate_cols.push(column.to_owned());
+                    if !relocate_cols.contains(&column.as_str()) {
+                        relocate_cols.push(column);
                     }
                 }
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
 
+        let mut schema_cols = schema_cols.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
         match relocate_to {
             RelocateTo::Default => {
                 // Relocate columns to the left.
@@ -76,14 +77,8 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
             }
         };
 
-        let columns = schema_cols
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(args::str_to_col)
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan).project(columns)?.build()?;
-
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        let columns = schema_cols.into_iter().map(col).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        ctx.set_df(df.select(&columns))?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("relocate error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/rename.rs b/src/engine/rename.rs
index 1b51c9c..8b414d6 100644
--- a/src/engine/rename.rs
+++ b/src/engine/rename.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
@@ -11,19 +11,15 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        let mut schema_cols = ctx
-            .columns()
-            .iter()
-            .map(args::str_to_col)
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        let mut schema_cols = ctx.columns().iter().map(|c| col(c)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
         for arg in args {
             if let Expr::BinaryOp(lhs, Operator::Assign, rhs) = arg {
                 let alias = args::identifier(lhs);
-                let column = args::str_to_col(args::identifier(rhs));
+                let column = args::identifier(rhs);
 
-                if let Some(idx) = schema_cols.iter().position(|c| c == &column) {
+                if let Some(idx) = schema_cols.iter().position(|c| c == &col(&column)) {
                     schema_cols[idx] = schema_cols[idx].clone().alias(&alias);
                 } else {
                     bail!("rename error: Unknown column {column}");
@@ -31,10 +27,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
             }
         }
 
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-            .project(schema_cols)?
-            .build()?;
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df.select(&schema_cols))?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("rename error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/select.rs b/src/engine/select.rs
index 9171aa0..8f2c53c 100644
--- a/src/engine/select.rs
+++ b/src/engine/select.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::logical_expr::{Expr as DFExpr, LogicalPlanBuilder};
+use polars::lazy::dsl::Expr as PolarsExpr;
+use polars::prelude::*;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
         let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
         let mut select_columns = Vec::new();
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                     // select(alias = column)
                     let alias = args::identifier(lhs);
                     let column = args::identifier(rhs);
-                    let expr = args::str_to_col(&column).alias(&alias);
+                    let expr = col(&column).alias(&alias);
 
                     if !select_columns.contains(&expr) {
                         select_columns.push(expr);
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
                         bail!("select error: Unknown column {column}");
                     }
 
-                    let expr = args::str_to_col(column);
+                    let expr = col(column);
                     if !select_columns.contains(&expr) {
                         select_columns.push(expr);
                     }
@@ -52,10 +53,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
             }
         }
 
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-            .project(select_columns)?
-            .build()?;
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df.select(&select_columns))?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("select error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn filter_columns(expr: &Expr, schema_cols: &[String], negate: bool) -> Vec<DFExpr> {
+fn filter_columns(expr: &Expr, schema_cols: &[String], negate: bool) -> Vec<PolarsExpr> {
     match expr {
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "starts_with" => {
             // select(starts_with("pattern"))
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ fn filter_columns(expr: &Expr, schema_cols: &[String], negate: bool) -> Vec<DFEx
             schema_cols
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|c| c.starts_with(&pattern) ^ negate)
-                .map(args::str_to_col)
+                .map(|c| col(c))
                 .collect()
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "ends_with" => {
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ fn filter_columns(expr: &Expr, schema_cols: &[String], negate: bool) -> Vec<DFEx
             schema_cols
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|c| c.ends_with(&pattern) ^ negate)
-                .map(args::str_to_col)
+                .map(|c| col(c))
                 .collect()
         }
         Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "contains" => {
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ fn filter_columns(expr: &Expr, schema_cols: &[String], negate: bool) -> Vec<DFEx
             schema_cols
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|c| c.contains(&pattern) ^ negate)
-                .map(args::str_to_col)
+                .map(|c| col(c))
                 .collect()
         }
         _ => Vec::new(),
diff --git a/src/engine/show.rs b/src/engine/show.rs
index 491750b..a97c654 100644
--- a/src/engine/show.rs
+++ b/src/engine/show.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(_args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        ctx.show(plan)?;
+    if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        let df = df.collect()?;
+        ctx.print(df)?;
     } else if ctx.is_grouping() {
         bail!("show error: must call summarize after a group_by");
     } else {
diff --git a/src/engine/summarize.rs b/src/engine/summarize.rs
index c5d7d84..3eae0e3 100644
--- a/src/engine/summarize.rs
+++ b/src/engine/summarize.rs
@@ -1,26 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{
-    arrow::{
-        array::ArrayRef,
-        compute::{self, SortOptions},
-        datatypes::DataType,
-    },
-    common::DFSchema,
-    error::{DataFusionError, Result as DFResult},
-    logical_expr::{
-        aggregate_function::AggregateFunction, create_udaf, expr, expr_fn, lit, Accumulator,
-        Expr as DFExpr, LogicalPlanBuilder, Volatility,
-    },
-    scalar::ScalarValue,
-};
-use hashbrown::{HashMap, HashSet};
-use parking_lot::Mutex;
-use std::sync::{
-    atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering},
-    Arc, OnceLock,
-};
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use polars::lazy::dsl::Expr as PolarsExpr;
+use polars::prelude::*;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 
 use crate::parser::{Expr, Operator};
 
@@ -30,18 +25,22 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
-        let schema = plan.schema();
-
-        let exprs = eval_args(args, schema).map_err(|e| anyhow!("summarize error: {e}"))?;
-
-        let group = ctx.take_group().unwrap_or_default();
-
-        let plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-            .aggregate(group, exprs)?
-            .build()?;
-
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+    if let Some(group) = ctx.take_group() {
+        let columns = group
+            .logical_plan
+            .schema()
+            .map(|s| s.into_owned())
+            .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+            .and_then(|schema| eval_args(args, ctx, &schema, true))
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("summarize error: {e}"))?;
+        ctx.set_df(group.agg(&columns))?;
+    } else if let Some(df) = ctx.take_df() {
+        let columns = df
+            .schema()
+            .map_err(anyhow::Error::from)
+            .and_then(|schema| eval_args(args, ctx, &schema, false))
+            .map_err(|e| anyhow!("summarize error: {e}"))?;
+        ctx.set_df(df.select(&columns))?;
     } else {
         bail!("summarize error: missing input group or dataframe");
     }
@@ -49,7 +48,13 @@ pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn eval_args(args: &[Expr], schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<Vec<DFExpr>> {
+fn eval_args(
+    args: &[Expr],
+    ctx: &mut Context,
+    schema: &Schema,
+    grouping: bool,
+) -> Result<Vec<PolarsExpr>> {
+    let schema_cols = ctx.columns();
     let mut aliases = HashSet::new();
     let mut columns = Vec::new();
 
@@ -64,44 +69,34 @@ fn eval_args(args: &[Expr], schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<Vec<DFExpr>> {
                 aliases.insert(alias.clone());
 
                 let column = match rhs.as_ref() {
-                    Expr::Function(name, _) if name == "n" => Ok(expr_fn::count(lit(1))),
-                    Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "list" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::array_agg)
-                    }
+                    Expr::Function(name, _) if name == "n" => Ok(col(&schema_cols[0]).count()),
+                    Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "list" => args::column(&args[0], schema)
+                        .map(|c| if grouping { c } else { c.implode() }),
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "max" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::max)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.max())
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "mean" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::avg)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.mean())
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "median" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::median)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.median())
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "min" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::min)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.min())
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "quantile" => {
-                        let column = args::identifier(&args[0]);
-                        let pct = args::number(&args[1]);
-
-                        if (0.0..=1.0).contains(&pct) {
-                            let dt = schema
-                                .field_with_unqualified_name(&column)
-                                .map(|f| f.data_type())
-                                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("quantile: unknown column {column}"))?;
-                            Ok(quantile(args::str_to_col(column), pct, dt))
-                        } else {
-                            Err(anyhow!("quantile: Quantile value must [0, 1]"))
-                        }
+                        let quantile = args::number(&args[1]);
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema)
+                            .map(|c| c.quantile(lit(quantile), QuantileInterpolOptions::Linear))
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "sd" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::stddev)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.std(1))
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "sum" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(expr_fn::sum)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.sum())
                     }
                     Expr::Function(name, args) if name == "var" => {
-                        args::expr_to_col(&args[0], schema).map(var)
+                        args::column(&args[0], schema).map(|c| c.var(1))
                     }
                     _ => panic!("Unexpected summarize expression {rhs}"),
                 }?;
@@ -114,135 +109,3 @@ fn eval_args(args: &[Expr], schema: &DFSchema) -> Result<Vec<DFExpr>> {
 
     Ok(columns)
 }
-
-fn var(expr: DFExpr) -> DFExpr {
-    DFExpr::AggregateFunction(expr::AggregateFunction::new(
-        AggregateFunction::Variance,
-        vec![expr],
-        false,
-        None,
-        None,
-    ))
-}
-
-// This function implement an exact quantile as DataFusion only provide only
-// approximate quantile.
-fn quantile(expr: DFExpr, quantile: f64, data_type: &DataType) -> DFExpr {
-    static LAST_CALL: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
-
-    // We need to give a different name to each udaf to make sure that different
-    // calls to quantile produce different results.
-    let quantile = create_udaf(
-        &format!("quantile-{}", LAST_CALL.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)),
-        vec![data_type.clone()],
-        Arc::new(data_type.clone()),
-        Volatility::Immutable,
-        Arc::new(move |dt| Ok(Box::new(Quantile::new(dt, quantile)))),
-        Arc::new(vec![DataType::UInt64]),
-    );
-
-    quantile.call(vec![expr])
-}
-
-type QuantileStates = Arc<Mutex<HashMap<u64, Vec<ArrayRef>>>>;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Quantile {
-    quantile: f64,
-    state_id: u64,
-    shared_states: QuantileStates,
-    data_type: DataType,
-    arrays: Vec<ArrayRef>,
-}
-
-impl Quantile {
-    fn new(data_type: &DataType, quantile: f64) -> Self {
-        static LAST_STATE_ID: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
-        static STATES_HASH: OnceLock<QuantileStates> = OnceLock::new();
-
-        let hash = STATES_HASH.get_or_init(|| Arc::new(Mutex::new(HashMap::default())));
-
-        let state_id = LAST_STATE_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        Self {
-            quantile,
-            state_id,
-            shared_states: hash.clone(),
-            data_type: data_type.clone(),
-            arrays: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Accumulator for Quantile {
-    fn state(&self) -> DFResult<Vec<ScalarValue>> {
-        let mut states = self.shared_states.lock();
-        states.insert(self.state_id, self.arrays.clone());
-
-        Ok(vec![ScalarValue::UInt64(Some(self.state_id))])
-    }
-
-    fn update_batch(&mut self, values: &[ArrayRef]) -> DFResult<()> {
-        assert_eq!(values.len(), 1);
-        let array = &values[0];
-
-        assert_eq!(array.data_type(), &self.data_type);
-        self.arrays.push(array.clone());
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn merge_batch(&mut self, states: &[ArrayRef]) -> DFResult<()> {
-        assert_eq!(states.len(), 1);
-
-        let array = &states[0];
-        assert!(matches!(array.data_type(), DataType::UInt64));
-        for index in 0..array.len() {
-            match ScalarValue::try_from_array(array, index)? {
-                ScalarValue::UInt64(Some(id)) => {
-                    let mut states = self.shared_states.lock();
-                    if let Some(arrays) = states.remove(&id) {
-                        self.arrays.extend(arrays);
-                    } else {
-                        // If this happens something is broken.
-                        panic!("No state found for id {id}");
-                    }
-                }
-                ScalarValue::UInt64(_) => {}
-                v => {
-                    return Err(DataFusionError::Internal(format!(
-                        "Unexpected state in quantile aggregator: {v:?}"
-                    )))
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    fn evaluate(&self) -> DFResult<ScalarValue> {
-        let arrays = self.arrays.iter().map(|a| a.as_ref()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        let values = compute::concat(&arrays)?;
-        let length = values.len() - values.null_count();
-
-        if length == 0 {
-            return ScalarValue::try_from(values.data_type());
-        }
-
-        let options = SortOptions {
-            descending: false,
-            nulls_first: false,
-        };
-
-        let idx = ((length - 1) as f64 * self.quantile).floor() as usize;
-        let limit = (idx + 1).min(length);
-        let sorted = compute::sort_limit(&values, Some(options), Some(limit))?;
-        ScalarValue::try_from_array(&sorted, idx)
-    }
-
-    fn size(&self) -> usize {
-        let arrays_size: usize = self.arrays.iter().map(|a| a.len()).sum();
-
-        std::mem::size_of_val(self) + arrays_size + self.data_type.size()
-            - std::mem::size_of_val(&self.data_type)
-    }
-}
diff --git a/src/engine/unnest.rs b/src/engine/unnest.rs
index 51995a2..9f90876 100644
--- a/src/engine/unnest.rs
+++ b/src/engine/unnest.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,21 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2023 Vince Vasta
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-use crate::parser::Expr;
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
-use datafusion::{arrow::datatypes::*, logical_expr::LogicalPlanBuilder};
+use polars::prelude::*;
+
+use crate::parser::Expr;
 
 use super::*;
 
@@ -10,30 +23,24 @@ use super::*;
 ///
 /// Parameters are checked before evaluation by the typing module.
 pub fn eval(args: &[Expr], ctx: &mut Context) -> Result<()> {
-    if let Some(mut plan) = ctx.take_plan() {
+    if let Some(mut df) = ctx.take_df() {
         for arg in args {
             let column = args::identifier(arg);
-            let schema = plan.schema();
+            let schema = df.schema().map_err(|e| anyhow!("unnest error: {e}"))?;
 
-            match schema
-                .field_with_unqualified_name(&column)
-                .map(|f| f.data_type())
-            {
-                Ok(DataType::List(_)) => {
-                    plan = LogicalPlanBuilder::from(plan)
-                        .unnest_column(column)?
-                        .build()?;
+            match schema.get(&column) {
+                Some(DataType::List(_)) => {
+                    df = df.explode(vec![col(&column)]);
+                }
+                Some(DataType::Struct(_)) => {
+                    df = df.unnest([&column]);
                 }
-                // TODO: This needs changes to DataFusion to work, or a plan extension.
-                // Some(DataType::Struct(_)) => {
-                //     df = df.unnest([&column]);
-                // }
-                Ok(_) => bail!("unnest error: '{column}' is not a list or struct type"),
-                Err(_) => bail!("unnest error: unknown column '{column}'"),
+                Some(_) => bail!("unnest error: '{column}' is not a list or struct type"),
+                None => bail!("unnest error: unknown column '{column}'"),
             }
         }
 
-        ctx.set_plan(plan);
+        ctx.set_df(df)?;
     } else {
         bail!("unnest error: missing input dataframe");
     }
diff --git a/src/parser.rs b/src/parser.rs
index 2a66c6e..a6341c9 100644
--- a/src/parser.rs
+++ b/src/parser.rs
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Vec<Expr>> {
     let input = input
         .lines()
         .filter(|line| comment(line).is_err())
-        .map(|line| format!("{line}\n"))
+        .map(|line| line.to_string() + "\n")
         .collect::<String>();
 
     match root(input.trim().trim_end_matches(';')) {
diff --git a/src/repl.rs b/src/repl.rs
index 4f6411c..47318a7 100644
--- a/src/repl.rs
+++ b/src/repl.rs
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ impl Completer for CustomCompleter {
                 .map(|value| Suggestion {
                     value,
                     description: None,
+                    style: None,
                     extra: None,
                     span: Span::new(prefix_pos, pos),
                     append_whitespace: false,
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ impl Completer for CustomCompleter {
                 .map(|value| Suggestion {
                     value,
                     description: None,
+                    style: None,
                     extra: None,
                     span: Span::new(prefix_pos, pos),
                     append_whitespace: false,
diff --git a/tests/functions/count.rs b/tests/functions/count.rs
index 4728c8f..5bd931e 100644
--- a/tests/functions/count.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/count.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ fn count_column() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 2)
             payment_type|n
-            str|i64
+            str|u32
             ---
             Cash|53
             Credit card|185
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ fn count_sorted() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 2)
             payment_type|n
-            str|i64
+            str|u32
             ---
             Credit card|185
             Cash|53
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ fn count_agg_column_name() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 2)
             payment_type|nn
-            str|i64
+            str|u32
             ---
             Credit card|185
             Cash|53
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ fn count_multi_cols() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (16, 3)
             payment_type|passenger_count|n
-            str|i64|i64
+            str|i64|u32
             ---
             Cash|1|36
             Cash|2|7
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ fn count_multi_cols_sorted() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (16, 3)
             payment_type|passenger_count|n
-            str|i64|i64
+            str|i64|u32
             ---
             Credit card|1|144
             Cash|1|36
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ fn count_no_cols() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 1)
             n
-            i64
+            u32
             ---
             250
             ---
diff --git a/tests/functions/df_var.rs b/tests/functions/df_var.rs
index 7e54a42..0785adf 100644
--- a/tests/functions/df_var.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/df_var.rs
@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@ fn df_variable() -> Result<()> {
             ---
             shape: (10, 5)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|passenger_count|trip_distance|total_amount
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|i64|f64|f64
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|i64|f64|f64
             ---
-            2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|1|3.14|22.56
-            2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:50:06|2|1.06|9.8
-            2022-11-12T16:58:37|2022-11-12T17:12:31|1|2.36|17.76
-            2022-11-30T22:24:08|2022-11-30T22:39:16|1|5.2|26.16
-            2022-11-26T23:03:41|2022-11-26T23:23:48|3|0.0|19.55
-            2022-11-30T14:46:43|2022-11-30T15:17:39|1|2.39|22.3
-            2022-11-22T14:36:34|2022-11-22T14:46:38|2|1.52|11.8
-            2022-11-28T09:54:14|2022-11-28T10:02:07|1|0.51|11.3
-            2022-11-09T17:39:58|2022-11-09T17:58:30|1|0.98|19.56
-            2022-11-20T00:33:58|2022-11-20T00:42:35|2|2.14|15.36
+            2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|1|3.14|22.56
+            2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:50:06|2|1.06|9.8
+            2022-11-12 16:58:37|2022-11-12 17:12:31|1|2.36|17.76
+            2022-11-30 22:24:08|2022-11-30 22:39:16|1|5.2|26.16
+            2022-11-26 23:03:41|2022-11-26 23:23:48|3|0.0|19.55
+            2022-11-30 14:46:43|2022-11-30 15:17:39|1|2.39|22.3
+            2022-11-22 14:36:34|2022-11-22 14:46:38|2|1.52|11.8
+            2022-11-28 09:54:14|2022-11-28 10:02:07|1|0.51|11.3
+            2022-11-09 17:39:58|2022-11-09 17:58:30|1|0.98|19.56
+            2022-11-20 00:33:58|2022-11-20 00:42:35|2|2.14|15.36
             ---
       "#
         )
diff --git a/tests/functions/filter.rs b/tests/functions/filter.rs
index deda078..e83b355 100644
--- a/tests/functions/filter.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/filter.rs
@@ -335,17 +335,17 @@ fn filter_dates() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (9, 2)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]
-            ---
-            2022-11-01T07:31:16|2022-11-01T08:19:44
-            2022-11-01T10:45:13|2022-11-01T10:53:56
-            2022-11-01T11:17:08|2022-11-01T12:08:15
-            2022-11-01T11:33:46|2022-11-01T12:03:15
-            2022-11-01T16:18:07|2022-11-01T16:27:30
-            2022-11-01T17:43:51|2022-11-01T17:52:45
-            2022-11-01T17:48:38|2022-11-01T17:59:55
-            2022-11-01T19:25:41|2022-11-01T19:32:33
-            2022-11-01T19:39:09|2022-11-01T19:45:10
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]
+            ---
+            2022-11-01 07:31:16|2022-11-01 08:19:44
+            2022-11-01 10:45:13|2022-11-01 10:53:56
+            2022-11-01 11:17:08|2022-11-01 12:08:15
+            2022-11-01 11:33:46|2022-11-01 12:03:15
+            2022-11-01 16:18:07|2022-11-01 16:27:30
+            2022-11-01 17:43:51|2022-11-01 17:52:45
+            2022-11-01 17:48:38|2022-11-01 17:59:55
+            2022-11-01 19:25:41|2022-11-01 19:32:33
+            2022-11-01 19:39:09|2022-11-01 19:45:10
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -368,12 +368,12 @@ fn filter_dates() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (4, 2)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            2022-11-01T17:43:51|2022-11-01T17:52:45
-            2022-11-01T17:48:38|2022-11-01T17:59:55
-            2022-11-01T19:25:41|2022-11-01T19:32:33
-            2022-11-01T19:39:09|2022-11-01T19:45:10
+            2022-11-01 17:43:51|2022-11-01 17:52:45
+            2022-11-01 17:48:38|2022-11-01 17:59:55
+            2022-11-01 19:25:41|2022-11-01 19:32:33
+            2022-11-01 19:39:09|2022-11-01 19:45:10
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -396,12 +396,12 @@ fn filter_dates() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (4, 2)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            2022-11-02T02:02:12|2022-11-02T02:02:19
-            2022-11-02T10:17:58|2022-11-02T10:36:07
-            2022-11-02T10:40:38|2022-11-02T10:43:58
-            2022-11-02T11:06:01|2022-11-02T11:35:00
+            2022-11-02 02:02:12|2022-11-02 02:02:19
+            2022-11-02 10:17:58|2022-11-02 10:36:07
+            2022-11-02 10:40:38|2022-11-02 10:43:58
+            2022-11-02 11:06:01|2022-11-02 11:35:00
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -481,16 +481,16 @@ fn filter_list_contains() -> Result<()> {
             tags
             list[str]
             ---
-            [tag7]
-            [tag2, tag4, tag7]
-            [tag5, tag6, tag7, tag7]
-            [tag2, tag3, tag7, tag8]
-            [tag4, tag7, tag8]
-            [tag2, tag2, tag2, tag7]
-            [tag7]
-            [tag5, tag7]
-            [tag6, tag7]
-            [tag5, tag6, tag7, tag9]
+            ["tag7"]
+            ["tag2", "tag4", "tag7"]
+            ["tag5", "tag6", "tag7", "tag7"]
+            ["tag2", "tag3", "tag7", "tag8"]
+            ["tag4", "tag7", "tag8"]
+            ["tag2", "tag2", "tag2", "tag7"]
+            ["tag7"]
+            ["tag5", "tag7"]
+            ["tag6", "tag7"]
+            ["tag5", "tag6", "tag7", "tag9"]
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -546,11 +546,11 @@ fn filter_list_not_contains() -> Result<()> {
             tags
             list[str]
             ---
-            [tag2, tag5, tag8, tag8]
-            [tag9]
-            [tag5]
-            [tag7]
-            [tag2, tag3, tag4]
+            ["tag2", "tag5", "tag8", "tag8"]
+            ["tag9"]
+            ["tag5"]
+            ["tag7"]
+            ["tag2", "tag3", "tag4"]
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -636,16 +636,16 @@ fn filter_is_null() -> Result<()> {
             ints|tags
             list[u32]|list[str]
             ---
-            null|[tag1, tag3, tag5]
-            null|[tag1, tag4, tag5, tag5]
-            null|[tag1, tag3, tag7, tag8]
-            null|[tag1, tag2, tag8]
-            null|[tag1, tag9]
-            null|[tag1, tag2, tag7]
-            null|[tag1, tag2, tag6]
-            null|[tag1, tag3]
-            null|[tag1, tag7, tag9, tag9]
-            null|[tag1, tag8]
+            null|["tag1", "tag3", "tag5"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag4", "tag5", "tag5"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag3", "tag7", "tag8"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag2", "tag8"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag9"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag2", "tag7"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag2", "tag6"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag3"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag7", "tag9", "tag9"]
+            null|["tag1", "tag8"]
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -672,16 +672,16 @@ fn filter_is_not_null() -> Result<()> {
             ints|tags
             list[u32]|list[str]
             ---
-            [6]|[tag1, tag3, tag6, tag9]
-            [9, 23, 38, 92]|[tag1, tag5, tag9, tag9]
-            [4]|[tag1, tag5, tag9]
-            [8, 46, 49, 88]|[tag1]
-            [11, 49]|[tag1, tag4, tag8, tag8]
-            [47]|[tag1, tag6, tag9]
-            [34, 77]|[tag1, tag7]
-            [21, 28, 94]|[tag1, tag3, tag9]
-            [17, 43]|[tag1, tag2, tag5, tag9]
-            [26, 62]|[tag1, tag4, tag6]
+            [6]|["tag1", "tag3", "tag6", "tag9"]
+            [9, 23, 38, 92]|["tag1", "tag5", "tag9", "tag9"]
+            [4]|["tag1", "tag5", "tag9"]
+            [8, 46, 49, 88]|["tag1"]
+            [11, 49]|["tag1", "tag4", "tag8", "tag8"]
+            [47]|["tag1", "tag6", "tag9"]
+            [34, 77]|["tag1", "tag7"]
+            [21, 28, 94]|["tag1", "tag3", "tag9"]
+            [17, 43]|["tag1", "tag2", "tag5", "tag9"]
+            [26, 62]|["tag1", "tag4", "tag6"]
             ---
        "#
         )
diff --git a/tests/functions/glimpse.rs b/tests/functions/glimpse.rs
index 42d2e79..06a844c 100644
--- a/tests/functions/glimpse.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/glimpse.rs
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ fn glimpse_parquet() -> Result<()> {
             │ Cols: 19              ┆              ┆                                         │
             ╞═══════════════════════╪══════════════╪═════════════════════════════════════════╡
             │ VendorID              ┆ i64          ┆ 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, ... │
-            │ tpep_pickup_datetime  ┆ datetime[μs] ┆ 2022-11-22T19:27:01,...                 │
-            │ tpep_dropoff_datetime ┆ datetime[μs] ┆ 2022-11-22T19:45:53,...                 │
+            │ tpep_pickup_datetime  ┆ datetime[ns] ┆ 2022-11-22 19:27:01, 2022-11-27...      │
+            │ tpep_dropoff_datetime ┆ datetime[ns] ┆ 2022-11-22 19:45:53, 2022-11-27...      │
             │ passenger_count       ┆ i64          ┆ 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, ... │
             │ trip_distance         ┆ f64          ┆ 3.14, 1.06, 2.36, 5.2, 0.0, 2.39, 1.... │
-            │ rate_code             ┆ str          ┆ Standard, Standard, Standard, Standa... │
-            │ store_and_fwd_flag    ┆ str          ┆ N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, ... │
+            │ rate_code             ┆ str          ┆ "Standard", "Standard", "Standard",...  │
+            │ store_and_fwd_flag    ┆ str          ┆ "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "... │
             │ PULocationID          ┆ i64          ┆ 234, 48, 142, 79, 237, 137, 107, 229... │
             │ DOLocationID          ┆ i64          ┆ 141, 142, 236, 75, 230, 140, 162, 16... │
-            │ payment_type          ┆ str          ┆ Credit card, Cash, Credit card, Cred... │
+            │ payment_type          ┆ str          ┆ "Credit card", "Cash", "Credit card"... │
             │ fare_amount           ┆ f64          ┆ 14.5, 6.5, 11.5, 18.0, 12.5, 19.0, 8... │
             │ extra                 ┆ f64          ┆ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0... │
             │ mta_tax               ┆ f64          ┆ 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0... │
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ fn glimpse_parquet() -> Result<()> {
             │ congestion_surcharge  ┆ f64          ┆ 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2... │
             │ airport_fee           ┆ f64          ┆ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0... │
             └───────────────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────┘
-        "#
+            "#
         )
     );
 
@@ -52,31 +52,31 @@ fn glimpse_csv() -> Result<()> {
         input,
         indoc!(
             r#"
-            ┌───────────────────────┬──────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────┐
-            │ Rows: 250             ┆ Type         ┆ Values                                  │
-            │ Cols: 19              ┆              ┆                                         │
-            ╞═══════════════════════╪══════════════╪═════════════════════════════════════════╡
-            │ VendorID              ┆ i64          ┆ 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, ... │
-            │ tpep_pickup_datetime  ┆ datetime[ns] ┆ 2022-11-22T19:27:01,...                 │
-            │ tpep_dropoff_datetime ┆ datetime[ns] ┆ 2022-11-22T19:45:53,...                 │
-            │ passenger_count       ┆ i64          ┆ 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, ... │
-            │ trip_distance         ┆ f64          ┆ 3.14, 1.06, 2.36, 5.2, 0.0, 2.39, 1.... │
-            │ rate_code             ┆ str          ┆ Standard, Standard, Standard, Standa... │
-            │ store_and_fwd_flag    ┆ str          ┆ N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, ... │
-            │ PULocationID          ┆ i64          ┆ 234, 48, 142, 79, 237, 137, 107, 229... │
-            │ DOLocationID          ┆ i64          ┆ 141, 142, 236, 75, 230, 140, 162, 16... │
-            │ payment_type          ┆ str          ┆ Credit card, Cash, Credit card, Cred... │
-            │ fare_amount           ┆ f64          ┆ 14.5, 6.5, 11.5, 18.0, 12.5, 19.0, 8... │
-            │ extra                 ┆ f64          ┆ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0... │
-            │ mta_tax               ┆ f64          ┆ 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0... │
-            │ tip_amount            ┆ f64          ┆ 3.76, 0.0, 2.96, 4.36, 3.25, 0.0, 0.... │
-            │ tolls_amount          ┆ f64          ┆ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0... │
-            │ improvement_surcharge ┆ f64          ┆ 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0... │
-            │ total_amount          ┆ f64          ┆ 22.56, 9.8, 17.76, 26.16, 19.55, 22.... │
-            │ congestion_surcharge  ┆ f64          ┆ 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2... │
-            │ airport_fee           ┆ f64          ┆ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0... │
-            └───────────────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────┘
-        "#
+            ┌───────────────────────┬────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+            │ Rows: 250             ┆ Type   ┆ Values                                        │
+            │ Cols: 19              ┆        ┆                                               │
+            ╞═══════════════════════╪════════╪═══════════════════════════════════════════════╡
+            │ VendorID              ┆ i64    ┆ 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 2, ... │
+            │ tpep_pickup_datetime  ┆ str    ┆ "2022-11-22T19:27:01.000000000",...           │
+            │ tpep_dropoff_datetime ┆ str    ┆ "2022-11-22T19:45:53.000000000",...           │
+            │ passenger_count       ┆ i64    ┆ 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, ... │
+            │ trip_distance         ┆ f64    ┆ 3.14, 1.06, 2.36, 5.2, 0.0, 2.39, 1.52, 0.... │
+            │ rate_code             ┆ str    ┆ "Standard", "Standard", "Standard",...        │
+            │ store_and_fwd_flag    ┆ str    ┆ "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N", "N... │
+            │ PULocationID          ┆ i64    ┆ 234, 48, 142, 79, 237, 137, 107, 229, 162,... │
+            │ DOLocationID          ┆ i64    ┆ 141, 142, 236, 75, 230, 140, 162, 161, 186... │
+            │ payment_type          ┆ str    ┆ "Credit card", "Cash", "Credit card", "Cre... │
+            │ fare_amount           ┆ f64    ┆ 14.5, 6.5, 11.5, 18.0, 12.5, 19.0, 8.5, 6.... │
+            │ extra                 ┆ f64    ┆ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 3.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.... │
+            │ mta_tax               ┆ f64    ┆ 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.... │
+            │ tip_amount            ┆ f64    ┆ 3.76, 0.0, 2.96, 4.36, 3.25, 0.0, 0.0, 2.0... │
+            │ tolls_amount          ┆ f64    ┆ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.... │
+            │ improvement_surcharge ┆ f64    ┆ 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.... │
+            │ total_amount          ┆ f64    ┆ 22.56, 9.8, 17.76, 26.16, 19.55, 22.3, 11.... │
+            │ congestion_surcharge  ┆ f64    ┆ 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5, 2.... │
+            │ airport_fee           ┆ f64    ┆ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.... │
+            └───────────────────────┴────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+            "#
         )
     );
 
diff --git a/tests/functions/group_by.rs b/tests/functions/group_by.rs
index 4534bab..620f92e 100644
--- a/tests/functions/group_by.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/group_by.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ fn group_by_mean_sd_var() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 5)
             payment_type|mean_price|std_price|var_price|n
-            str|f64|f64|f64|i64
+            str|f64|f64|f64|u32
             ---
             Credit card|22.378757|16.095337|259.059865|185
             Cash|18.458491|12.545236|157.382955|53
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ fn group_by_min_max() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 4)
             payment_type|min_price|max_price|n
-            str|f64|f64|i64
+            str|f64|f64|u32
             ---
             Credit card|8.5|84.36|185
             Cash|3.3|63.1|53
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ fn group_by_median_quantile() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 7)
             payment_type|median_price|q25_price|q50_price|q75_price|q95_price|n
-            str|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|i64
+            str|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|u32
             ---
-            Credit card|16.56|12.43|16.56|23.76|56.09|185
-            Cash|14.8|11.8|14.8|22.3|41.55|53
-            Unknown|22.72|18.17|22.72|28.39|45.5|9
-            Dispute|-0.5|-8.3|-8.3|-8.3|-8.3|2
+            Credit card|16.56|12.43|16.56|23.76|64.114|185
+            Cash|14.8|11.8|14.8|22.3|49.67|53
+            Unknown|22.72|18.17|22.72|28.39|50.882|9
+            Dispute|-0.5|-4.4|-0.5|3.4|6.52|2
             No charge|8.8|8.8|8.8|8.8|8.8|1
             ---
        "#
@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ fn summarize_median_quantile() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 6)
             median|q25|q50|q75|q95|n
-            u32|u32|u32|u32|u32|i64
+            f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|u32
             ---
-            50|25|50|75|95|100
+            50.5|25.75|50.5|75.25|95.05|100
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ fn summarize_list() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 3)
             amounts|fares|n
-            list[f64]|list[f64]|i64
+            list[f64]|list[f64]|u32
             ---
             [3.3, 7.3, 8.3]|[2.5, 4.0, 5.0]|3
             ---
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ fn summarize_list() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (9, 3)
             amounts|fares|n
-            f64|f64|i64
+            f64|f64|u32
             ---
             3.3|2.5|3
             3.3|4.0|3
diff --git a/tests/functions/join.rs b/tests/functions/join.rs
index 5732945..05242ec 100644
--- a/tests/functions/join.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/join.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ fn left_join() -> Result<()> {
         indoc!(
             r#"
             shape: (10, 4)
-            shape_id|left_key|shape_id_rhs|right_val
+            shape_id|left_key|shape_id_right|right_val
             u32|f64|u32|f64
             ---
             1|2.0|null|null
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ fn outer_join() -> Result<()> {
             filter(shape_id < 8) |
             mutate(left_val = shape_id * 2) |
             outer_join(right_df) |
-            arrange(shape_id, left_val, shape_id_rhs, right_val) |
+            arrange(shape_id, left_val, right_val) |
             head()
     "#};
 
@@ -152,20 +152,20 @@ fn outer_join() -> Result<()> {
         input,
         indoc!(
             r#"
-            shape: (10, 4)
-            shape_id|left_val|shape_id_rhs|right_val
-            u32|f64|u32|f64
+            shape: (10, 3)
+            shape_id|left_val|right_val
+            u32|f64|f64
             ---
-            1|2.0|null|null
-            2|4.0|null|null
-            3|6.0|null|null
-            4|8.0|null|null
-            5|10.0|5|10.0
-            6|12.0|6|12.0
-            7|14.0|7|14.0
-            null|null|8|16.0
-            null|null|9|18.0
-            null|null|10|20.0
+            1|2.0|null
+            2|4.0|null
+            3|6.0|null
+            4|8.0|null
+            5|10.0|10.0
+            6|12.0|12.0
+            7|14.0|14.0
+            8|null|16.0
+            9|null|18.0
+            10|null|20.0
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ fn cross_join() -> Result<()> {
         indoc!(
             r#"
             shape: (6, 4)
-            shape_id|left_val|shape_id_rhs|right_val
+            shape_id|left_val|shape_id_right|right_val
             u32|f64|u32|f64
             ---
             21|42.0|1|2.0
diff --git a/tests/functions/json.rs b/tests/functions/json.rs
index 3e488a5..f235bbb 100644
--- a/tests/functions/json.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/json.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ fn json_load() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 1)
             n
-            i64
+            u32
             ---
             4
             ---
diff --git a/tests/functions/main.rs b/tests/functions/main.rs
index 53055d5..667acbe 100644
--- a/tests/functions/main.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/main.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ macro_rules! assert_interpreter {
             Ok(output) => {
                 if output != $expected {
                     panic!(
-                        "Interpreter error expected output:\n{}\n===\nGenerated output:\n{}\n===",
+                        "Interpreter error:\nexpected:\n\n{}\nfound:\n\n{}",
                         $expected, output
                     );
                 }
diff --git a/tests/functions/mutate.rs b/tests/functions/mutate.rs
index 7a9a206..cbb82bb 100644
--- a/tests/functions/mutate.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/mutate.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fn mutate_arith() -> Result<()> {
             mutate(
                 travel_time = tpep_dropoff_datetime - tpep_pickup_datetime,
                 trip_distance_km = trip_distance_mi * 1.60934,
-                avg_speed_km_h = trip_distance_km / (secs(travel_time) / 3600)
+                avg_speed_km_h = trip_distance_km / (travel_time / 3.6e12)
             ) |
             relocate(trip_distance_km, after = trip_distance_mi) |
             head(10)
@@ -28,18 +28,18 @@ fn mutate_arith() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (10, 6)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|trip_distance_mi|trip_distance_km|travel_time|avg_speed_km_h
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|f64|f64|duration[μs]|f64
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|f64|f64|duration[ns]|f64
             ---
-            2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|3.14|5.053328|18m 52s|16.070653
-            2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:50:06|1.06|1.7059|6m 40s|15.353104
-            2022-11-12T16:58:37|2022-11-12T17:12:31|2.36|3.798042|13m 54s|16.394428
-            2022-11-30T22:24:08|2022-11-30T22:39:16|5.2|8.368568|15m 8s|33.179344
-            2022-11-26T23:03:41|2022-11-26T23:23:48|0.0|0.0|20m 7s|0.0
-            2022-11-30T14:46:43|2022-11-30T15:17:39|2.39|3.846323|30m 56s|7.46054
-            2022-11-22T14:36:34|2022-11-22T14:46:38|1.52|2.446197|10m 4s|14.579981
-            2022-11-28T09:54:14|2022-11-28T10:02:07|0.51|0.820763|7m 53s|6.246825
-            2022-11-09T17:39:58|2022-11-09T17:58:30|0.98|1.577153|18m 32s|5.105892
-            2022-11-20T00:33:58|2022-11-20T00:42:35|2.14|3.443988|8m 37s|23.981345
+            2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|3.14|5.0533276|18m 52s|16.070653
+            2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:50:06|1.06|1.7059004|6m 40s|15.353104
+            2022-11-12 16:58:37|2022-11-12 17:12:31|2.36|3.7980424|13m 54s|16.394428
+            2022-11-30 22:24:08|2022-11-30 22:39:16|5.2|8.368568|15m 8s|33.179344
+            2022-11-26 23:03:41|2022-11-26 23:23:48|0.0|0.0|20m 7s|0.0
+            2022-11-30 14:46:43|2022-11-30 15:17:39|2.39|3.8463226|30m 56s|7.46054
+            2022-11-22 14:36:34|2022-11-22 14:46:38|1.52|2.4461968|10m 4s|14.579981
+            2022-11-28 09:54:14|2022-11-28 10:02:07|0.51|0.8207634|7m 53s|6.246825
+            2022-11-09 17:39:58|2022-11-09 17:58:30|0.98|1.5771532|18m 32s|5.105892
+            2022-11-20 00:33:58|2022-11-20 00:42:35|2.14|3.443988|8m 37s|23.981345
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ fn mutate_dt() -> Result<()> {
         parquet("tests/data/nyctaxi.parquet") |
             select(trip_distance, tpep_pickup_datetime) |
             mutate(
-                date_string = "2022-11-27T16:43:26",
+                date_string = "2022-11-27 16:43:26",
                 date_datetime = ymd_hms(date_string)
             ) |
             head(2)
@@ -238,10 +238,10 @@ fn mutate_dt() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (2, 4)
             trip_distance|tpep_pickup_datetime|date_string|date_datetime
-            f64|datetime[μs]|str|datetime[ms]
+            f64|datetime[ns]|str|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            3.14|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:43:26
-            1.06|2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:43:26
+            3.14|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:43:26
+            1.06|2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:43:26
             ---
        "#
         )
@@ -269,17 +269,17 @@ fn mutate_len() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (10, 3)
             ints_len|floats_len|tags_len
-            i32|i32|i32
+            u32|u32|u32
             ---
             3|4|4
             1|3|1
-            null|4|1
+            0|4|1
             2|4|1
-            null|4|3
+            0|4|3
             1|1|3
             4|1|4
-            null|2|null
-            4|null|null
+            0|2|0
+            4|0|0
             1|4|4
             ---
        "#
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ fn mutate_len() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (4, 3)
             rate_code|n|rate_len
-            str|i64|i32
+            str|u32|u32
             ---
             JFK|11|3
             Negotiated|2|10
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ fn mutate_field() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (4, 3)
             rate_code|n|rate_len
-            str|i64|i32
+            str|u32|u32
             ---
             JFK|11|3
             Negotiated|2|10
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ fn mutate_durations() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 5)
             travel_time|travel_time_secs|travel_time_millis|travel_time_micros|travel_time_nanos
-            duration[μs]|i64|i64|i64|i64
+            duration[ns]|i64|i64|i64|i64
             ---
             18m 52s|1132|1132000|1132000000|1132000000000
             6m 40s|400|400000|400000000|400000000000
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ fn mutate_durations() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (5, 4)
             travel_time|dtravel_time_millis|dtravel_time_micros|dtravel_time_nanos
-            duration[μs]|duration[ms]|duration[μs]|duration[ns]
+            duration[ns]|duration[μs]|duration[μs]|duration[μs]
             ---
             18m 52s|18m 52s|18m 52s|18m 52s
             6m 40s|6m 40s|6m 40s|6m 40s
diff --git a/tests/functions/relocate.rs b/tests/functions/relocate.rs
index 5a4876c..14cb7d0 100644
--- a/tests/functions/relocate.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/relocate.rs
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ fn relocate_default() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 19)
             payment_type|passenger_count|VendorID|tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|trip_distance|rate_code|store_and_fwd_flag|PULocationID|DOLocationID|fare_amount|extra|mta_tax|tip_amount|tolls_amount|improvement_surcharge|total_amount|congestion_surcharge|airport_fee
-            str|i64|i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
+            str|i64|i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
             ---
-            Credit card|1|2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
+            Credit card|1|2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ fn relocate_before_first() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 19)
             payment_type|passenger_count|VendorID|tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|trip_distance|rate_code|store_and_fwd_flag|PULocationID|DOLocationID|fare_amount|extra|mta_tax|tip_amount|tolls_amount|improvement_surcharge|total_amount|congestion_surcharge|airport_fee
-            str|i64|i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
+            str|i64|i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
             ---
-            Credit card|1|2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
+            Credit card|1|2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ fn relocate_before() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 19)
             VendorID|tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|trip_distance|rate_code|store_and_fwd_flag|PULocationID|DOLocationID|payment_type|passenger_count|fare_amount|extra|mta_tax|tip_amount|tolls_amount|improvement_surcharge|total_amount|congestion_surcharge|airport_fee
-            i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|str|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
+            i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|str|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
             ---
-            2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|Credit card|1|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
+            2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|Credit card|1|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -94,9 +94,9 @@ fn relocate_after() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 19)
             VendorID|tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|trip_distance|rate_code|store_and_fwd_flag|PULocationID|DOLocationID|fare_amount|payment_type|passenger_count|extra|mta_tax|tip_amount|tolls_amount|improvement_surcharge|total_amount|congestion_surcharge|airport_fee
-            i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|str|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
+            i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|str|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
             ---
-            2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|Credit card|1|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
+            2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|Credit card|1|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -119,9 +119,9 @@ fn relocate_after_last() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 19)
             VendorID|tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|trip_distance|rate_code|store_and_fwd_flag|PULocationID|DOLocationID|fare_amount|extra|mta_tax|tip_amount|tolls_amount|improvement_surcharge|total_amount|congestion_surcharge|airport_fee|payment_type|passenger_count
-            i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|str|i64
+            i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|str|i64
             ---
-            2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0|Credit card|1
+            2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0|Credit card|1
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -144,9 +144,9 @@ fn relocate_same_col() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 19)
             VendorID|tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime|passenger_count|payment_type|trip_distance|rate_code|store_and_fwd_flag|PULocationID|DOLocationID|fare_amount|extra|mta_tax|tip_amount|tolls_amount|improvement_surcharge|total_amount|congestion_surcharge|airport_fee
-            i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|i64|str|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
+            i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|i64|str|f64|str|str|i64|i64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64|f64
             ---
-            2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|1|Credit card|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
+            2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|1|Credit card|3.14|Standard|N|234|141|14.5|1.0|0.5|3.76|0.0|0.3|22.56|2.5|0.0
             ---
         "#
         )
diff --git a/tests/functions/rename.rs b/tests/functions/rename.rs
index c3f0b3d..39d6f8d 100644
--- a/tests/functions/rename.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/rename.rs
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ fn rename() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (1, 6)
             vendor_id|pickup_datetime|dropoff_datetime|pu_location_id|do_location_id|total_amount
-            i64|datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|i64|i64|f64
+            i64|datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|i64|i64|f64
             ---
-            2|2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|234|141|22.56
+            2|2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|234|141|22.56
             ---
         "#
         )
diff --git a/tests/functions/select.rs b/tests/functions/select.rs
index 074229c..e79252f 100644
--- a/tests/functions/select.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/select.rs
@@ -25,11 +25,11 @@ fn select_columns() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (3, 5)
             rate_code|tip_amount|tpep_pickup_datetime|airport_fee|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            str|f64|datetime[μs]|f64|datetime[μs]
+            str|f64|datetime[ns]|f64|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            Standard|3.76|2022-11-22T19:27:01|0.0|2022-11-22T19:45:53
-            Standard|0.0|2022-11-27T16:43:26|0.0|2022-11-27T16:50:06
-            Standard|2.96|2022-11-12T16:58:37|0.0|2022-11-12T17:12:31
+            Standard|3.76|2022-11-22 19:27:01|0.0|2022-11-22 19:45:53
+            Standard|0.0|2022-11-27 16:43:26|0.0|2022-11-27 16:50:06
+            Standard|2.96|2022-11-12 16:58:37|0.0|2022-11-12 17:12:31
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@ fn select_rename() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (3, 4)
             pickup_datetime|dropoff_datetime|vendor_id|pu_location_id
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]|i64|i64
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]|i64|i64
             ---
-            2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53|2|234
-            2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:50:06|2|48
-            2022-11-12T16:58:37|2022-11-12T17:12:31|2|142
+            2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53|2|234
+            2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:50:06|2|48
+            2022-11-12 16:58:37|2022-11-12 17:12:31|2|142
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ fn select_starts_with() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (3, 2)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53
-            2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:50:06
-            2022-11-12T16:58:37|2022-11-12T17:12:31
+            2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53
+            2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:50:06
+            2022-11-12 16:58:37|2022-11-12 17:12:31
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -146,11 +146,11 @@ fn select_ends_with() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (3, 2)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53
-            2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:50:06
-            2022-11-12T16:58:37|2022-11-12T17:12:31
+            2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53
+            2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:50:06
+            2022-11-12 16:58:37|2022-11-12 17:12:31
             ---
         "#
         )
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ fn select_contains() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (3, 2)
             tpep_pickup_datetime|tpep_dropoff_datetime
-            datetime[μs]|datetime[μs]
+            datetime[ns]|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            2022-11-22T19:27:01|2022-11-22T19:45:53
-            2022-11-27T16:43:26|2022-11-27T16:50:06
-            2022-11-12T16:58:37|2022-11-12T17:12:31
+            2022-11-22 19:27:01|2022-11-22 19:45:53
+            2022-11-27 16:43:26|2022-11-27 16:50:06
+            2022-11-12 16:58:37|2022-11-12 17:12:31
             ---
         "#
         )
diff --git a/tests/functions/show.rs b/tests/functions/show.rs
index 1e2785e..472ab15 100644
--- a/tests/functions/show.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/show.rs
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ fn show_timestamps() -> Result<()> {
             secs|micros|nanos
             datetime[ms]|datetime[μs]|datetime[ns]
             ---
-            2023-08-02T23:09:42|2023-08-02T23:09:42.456642|2023-08-02T23:09:42.456642001
-            2023-08-02T23:09:46|2023-08-02T23:09:46.159043|2023-08-02T23:09:46.159043342
-            2023-08-02T23:09:54|2023-08-02T23:09:54.041828|2023-08-02T23:09:54.041828923
+            2023-08-02 23:09:42|2023-08-02 23:09:42.456642|2023-08-02 23:09:42.456642001
+            2023-08-02 23:09:46|2023-08-02 23:09:46.159043|2023-08-02 23:09:46.159043342
+            2023-08-02 23:09:54|2023-08-02 23:09:54.041828|2023-08-02 23:09:54.041828923
             ---
             "#
         )
diff --git a/tests/functions/unnest.rs b/tests/functions/unnest.rs
index 81418f8..b6f2f25 100644
--- a/tests/functions/unnest.rs
+++ b/tests/functions/unnest.rs
@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@ fn unnest_ints() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (10, 3)
             shape_id|ints_len|ints
-            u32|i32|u32
+            u32|u32|u32
             ---
             1|3|3
             1|3|88
             1|3|94
             2|1|73
-            3|null|null
+            3|0|null
             4|2|43
             4|2|97
-            5|null|null
+            5|0|null
             6|1|65
             7|4|1
             ---
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ fn unnest_str() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (10, 3)
             shape_id|tags_len|tags
-            u32|i32|str
+            u32|u32|str
             ---
             1|4|tag2
             1|4|tag5
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ fn unnest_floats() -> Result<()> {
             r#"
             shape: (12, 3)
             shape_id|floats_len|floats
-            u32|i32|f64
+            u32|u32|f64
             ---
             1|4|2.5
             1|4|3.5
@@ -119,7 +119,6 @@ fn unnest_floats() -> Result<()> {
 }
 
 #[test]
-#[ignore = "need unnest structs"]
 fn unnest_structs() -> Result<()> {
     let input = indoc! {r#"
         parquet("tests/data/structs.parquet") |