diff --git a/doc/api/path.md b/doc/api/path.md
index a5c5af6d068704..e8e548170f81a5 100644
--- a/doc/api/path.md
+++ b/doc/api/path.md
@@ -431,6 +431,10 @@ added: v0.11.15
 The `path.posix` property provides access to POSIX specific implementations
 of the `path` methods.
 
+The following functions do not support direct use on Windows.
+* path.posix.resolve
+* path.posix.relative
+
 ## path.relative(from, to)
 <!-- YAML
 added: v0.5.0
@@ -551,6 +555,10 @@ added: v0.11.15
 The `path.win32` property provides access to Windows-specific implementations
 of the `path` methods.
 
+The following functions do not support direct use on *nix.
+* path.win32.resolve
+* path.win32.relative
+
 [`TypeError`]: errors.html#errors_class_typeerror
 [`path.parse()`]: #path_path_parse_path
 [`path.posix`]: #path_path_posix
diff --git a/lib/internal/errors.js b/lib/internal/errors.js
index dd30097c43cd15..48898a0c10db5a 100644
--- a/lib/internal/errors.js
+++ b/lib/internal/errors.js
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ E('ERR_UNKNOWN_BUILTIN_MODULE', (id) => `No such built-in module: ${id}`);
 E('ERR_UNKNOWN_SIGNAL', (signal) => `Unknown signal: ${signal}`);
 E('ERR_UNKNOWN_STDIN_TYPE', 'Unknown stdin file type');
 E('ERR_UNKNOWN_STREAM_TYPE', 'Unknown stream file type');
+E('ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', 'Unsupported platform');
 E('ERR_SOCKET_ALREADY_BOUND', 'Socket is already bound');
 E('ERR_SOCKET_BAD_TYPE',
   'Bad socket type specified. Valid types are: udp4, udp6');
diff --git a/lib/path.js b/lib/path.js
index f8d0e822bf1d9b..70e9af48eb067c 100644
--- a/lib/path.js
+++ b/lib/path.js
@@ -29,6 +29,18 @@ function assertPath(path) {
   }
 }
 
+function assertWindowsPlatform(platform) {
+  // throw an error if direct use the function on *nix platform
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32')
+    throw new errors.Error('ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM');
+}
+
+function assertPosixPlatform(platform) {
+  // throw an error if direct use the function on windows platform
+  if (process.process === 'win32')
+    throw new errors.Error('ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM');
+}
+
 // Resolves . and .. elements in a path with directory names
 function normalizeStringWin32(path, allowAboveRoot) {
   var res = '';
@@ -205,6 +217,7 @@ const win32 = {
       }
 
       assertPath(path);
+      assertWindowsPlatform(process.platform);
 
       // Skip empty entries
       if (path.length === 0) {
@@ -1164,6 +1177,7 @@ const posix = {
       }
 
       assertPath(path);
+      assertPosixPlatform(process.platform);
 
       // Skip empty entries
       if (path.length === 0) {
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-path.js b/test/parallel/test-path.js
index 4ee3740038b321..ed946ff443d5d2 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-path.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-path.js
@@ -418,38 +418,58 @@ assert.strictEqual(path.posix.normalize('///..//./foo/.//bar'), '/foo/bar');
 
 
 // path.resolve tests
-const resolveTests = [
-  [ path.win32.resolve,
+const resolveTest = {
+  win32: {
+    resolve: path.win32.resolve,
+    tests:
     // arguments                               result
     [[['c:/blah\\blah', 'd:/games', 'c:../a'], 'c:\\blah\\a'],
-     [['c:/ignore', 'd:\\a/b\\c/d', '\\e.exe'], 'd:\\e.exe'],
-     [['c:/ignore', 'c:/some/file'], 'c:\\some\\file'],
-     [['d:/ignore', 'd:some/dir//'], 'd:\\ignore\\some\\dir'],
-     [['.'], process.cwd()],
-     [['//server/share', '..', 'relative\\'], '\\\\server\\share\\relative'],
-     [['c:/', '//'], 'c:\\'],
-     [['c:/', '//dir'], 'c:\\dir'],
-     [['c:/', '//server/share'], '\\\\server\\share\\'],
-     [['c:/', '//server//share'], '\\\\server\\share\\'],
-     [['c:/', '///some//dir'], 'c:\\some\\dir'],
+      [['c:/ignore', 'd:\\a/b\\c/d', '\\e.exe'], 'd:\\e.exe'],
+      [['c:/ignore', 'c:/some/file'], 'c:\\some\\file'],
+      [['d:/ignore', 'd:some/dir//'], 'd:\\ignore\\some\\dir'],
+      [['.'], process.cwd()],
+      [['//server/share', '..', 'relative\\'], '\\\\server\\share\\relative'],
+      [['c:/', '//'], 'c:\\'],
+      [['c:/', '//dir'], 'c:\\dir'],
+      [['c:/', '//server/share'], '\\\\server\\share\\'],
+      [['c:/', '//server//share'], '\\\\server\\share\\'],
+      [['c:/', '///some//dir'], 'c:\\some\\dir'],
      [['C:\\foo\\tmp.3\\', '..\\tmp.3\\cycles\\root.js'],
       'C:\\foo\\tmp.3\\cycles\\root.js']
     ]
-  ],
-  [ path.posix.resolve,
+  },
+  posix: {
+    resolve: path.posix.resolve,
+    tests:
     // arguments                    result
     [[['/var/lib', '../', 'file/'], '/var/file'],
-     [['/var/lib', '/../', 'file/'], '/file'],
-     [['a/b/c/', '../../..'], process.cwd()],
-     [['.'], process.cwd()],
-     [['/some/dir', '.', '/absolute/'], '/absolute'],
-     [['/foo/tmp.3/', '../tmp.3/cycles/root.js'], '/foo/tmp.3/cycles/root.js']
+      [['/var/lib', '/../', 'file/'], '/file'],
+      [['a/b/c/', '../../..'], process.cwd()],
+      [['.'], process.cwd()],
+      [['/some/dir', '.', '/absolute/'], '/absolute'],
+      [['/foo/tmp.3/', '../tmp.3/cycles/root.js'], '/foo/tmp.3/cycles/root.js']
     ]
-  ]
-];
-resolveTests.forEach((test) => {
-  const resolve = test[0];
-  test[1].forEach((test) => {
+  }
+};
+{
+  let resolve;
+  let tests;
+  if (common.isWindows) {
+    resolve = resolveTest.win32.resolve;
+    tests = resolveTest.win32.tests;
+    // direct use path.posix.resolve on windows will throw error
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      path.posix.resolve('foo/bar');
+    }, common.expectsError({code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', type: Error}));
+  } else {
+    resolve = resolveTest.posix.resolve;
+    tests = resolveTest.posix.tests;
+    // direct use path.win32.resolve on *nix will throw error
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      path.win32.resolve('foo\\bar');
+    }, common.expectsError({code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', type: Error}));
+  }
+  tests.forEach((test) => {
     const actual = resolve.apply(null, test[0]);
     let actualAlt;
     const os = resolve === path.win32.resolve ? 'win32' : 'posix';
@@ -465,7 +485,7 @@ resolveTests.forEach((test) => {
     if (actual !== expected && actualAlt !== expected)
       failures.push(`\n${message}`);
   });
-});
+}
 assert.strictEqual(failures.length, 0, failures.join(''));
 
 if (common.isWindows) {
@@ -507,55 +527,78 @@ assert.strictEqual(path.posix.isAbsolute('./baz'), false);
 
 
 // path.relative tests
-const relativeTests = [
-  [ path.win32.relative,
+const relativeTest = {
+  win32: {
+    relative: path.win32.relative,
+    tests:
     // arguments                     result
     [['c:/blah\\blah', 'd:/games', 'd:\\games'],
-     ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa', '..'],
-     ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/cccc', '..\\..\\cccc'],
-     ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa/bbbb', ''],
-     ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa/cccc', '..\\cccc'],
-     ['c:/aaaa/', 'c:/aaaa/cccc', 'cccc'],
-     ['c:/', 'c:\\aaaa\\bbbb', 'aaaa\\bbbb'],
-     ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'd:\\', 'd:\\'],
-     ['c:/AaAa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa/bbbb', ''],
-     ['c:/aaaaa/', 'c:/aaaa/cccc', '..\\aaaa\\cccc'],
-     ['C:\\foo\\bar\\baz\\quux', 'C:\\', '..\\..\\..\\..'],
-     ['C:\\foo\\test', 'C:\\foo\\test\\bar\\package.json', 'bar\\package.json'],
-     ['C:\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', 'C:\\foo\\bar\\baz', '..\\baz'],
-     ['C:\\foo\\bar\\baz', 'C:\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\bar', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', 'baz'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar', '..'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '..\\baz'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
-     ['C:\\baz-quux', 'C:\\baz', '..\\baz'],
-     ['C:\\baz', 'C:\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\baz-quux', '\\\\foo\\baz', '..\\baz'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\baz', '\\\\foo\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
-     ['C:\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz'],
-     ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', 'C:\\baz', 'C:\\baz']
+      ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa', '..'],
+      ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/cccc', '..\\..\\cccc'],
+      ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa/bbbb', ''],
+      ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa/cccc', '..\\cccc'],
+      ['c:/aaaa/', 'c:/aaaa/cccc', 'cccc'],
+      ['c:/', 'c:\\aaaa\\bbbb', 'aaaa\\bbbb'],
+      ['c:/aaaa/bbbb', 'd:\\', 'd:\\'],
+      ['c:/AaAa/bbbb', 'c:/aaaa/bbbb', ''],
+      ['c:/aaaaa/', 'c:/aaaa/cccc', '..\\aaaa\\cccc'],
+      ['C:\\foo\\bar\\baz\\quux', 'C:\\', '..\\..\\..\\..'],
+     [
+       'C:\\foo\\test', 'C:\\foo\\test\\bar\\package.json',
+       'bar\\package.json'
+     ],
+      ['C:\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', 'C:\\foo\\bar\\baz', '..\\baz'],
+      ['C:\\foo\\bar\\baz', 'C:\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\bar', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', 'baz'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar', '..'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '..\\baz'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
+      ['C:\\baz-quux', 'C:\\baz', '..\\baz'],
+      ['C:\\baz', 'C:\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\baz-quux', '\\\\foo\\baz', '..\\baz'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\baz', '\\\\foo\\baz-quux', '..\\baz-quux'],
+      ['C:\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', '\\\\foo\\bar\\baz'],
+      ['\\\\foo\\bar\\baz', 'C:\\baz', 'C:\\baz']
     ]
-  ],
-  [ path.posix.relative,
+  },
+  posix: {
+    relative: path.posix.relative,
+    tests:
     // arguments          result
     [['/var/lib', '/var', '..'],
-     ['/var/lib', '/bin', '../../bin'],
-     ['/var/lib', '/var/lib', ''],
-     ['/var/lib', '/var/apache', '../apache'],
-     ['/var/', '/var/lib', 'lib'],
-     ['/', '/var/lib', 'var/lib'],
-     ['/foo/test', '/foo/test/bar/package.json', 'bar/package.json'],
-     ['/Users/a/web/b/test/mails', '/Users/a/web/b', '../..'],
-     ['/foo/bar/baz-quux', '/foo/bar/baz', '../baz'],
-     ['/foo/bar/baz', '/foo/bar/baz-quux', '../baz-quux'],
-     ['/baz-quux', '/baz', '../baz'],
-     ['/baz', '/baz-quux', '../baz-quux']
+      ['/var/lib', '/bin', '../../bin'],
+      ['/var/lib', '/var/lib', ''],
+      ['/var/lib', '/var/apache', '../apache'],
+      ['/var/', '/var/lib', 'lib'],
+      ['/', '/var/lib', 'var/lib'],
+      ['/foo/test', '/foo/test/bar/package.json', 'bar/package.json'],
+      ['/Users/a/web/b/test/mails', '/Users/a/web/b', '../..'],
+      ['/foo/bar/baz-quux', '/foo/bar/baz', '../baz'],
+      ['/foo/bar/baz', '/foo/bar/baz-quux', '../baz-quux'],
+      ['/baz-quux', '/baz', '../baz'],
+      ['/baz', '/baz-quux', '../baz-quux']
     ]
-  ]
-];
-relativeTests.forEach((test) => {
-  const relative = test[0];
-  test[1].forEach((test) => {
+  }
+};
+{
+  let relative;
+  let tests;
+  if (common.isWindows) {
+    relative = relativeTest.win32.relative;
+    tests = relativeTest.win32.tests;
+    // direct use path.posix.relative on windows will throw error
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      path.posix.relative('foo/bar', 'foo');
+    }, common.expectsError({code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', type: Error}));
+  } else {
+    relative = relativeTest.posix.relative;
+    tests = relativeTest.posix.tests;
+    // direct use path.win32.relative on *nix will throw error
+    assert.throws(() => {
+      path.win32.relative('foo\\bar', 'foo');
+    }, common.expectsError({code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', type: Error}));
+  }
+  tests.forEach((test) => {
     const actual = relative(test[0], test[1]);
     const expected = test[2];
     const os = relative === path.win32.relative ? 'win32' : 'posix';
@@ -565,7 +608,7 @@ relativeTests.forEach((test) => {
     if (actual !== expected)
       failures.push(`\n${message}`);
   });
-});
+}
 assert.strictEqual(failures.length, 0, failures.join(''));
 
 
@@ -584,16 +627,7 @@ assert.strictEqual(path.posix.delimiter, ':');
 
 // path._makeLong tests
 const emptyObj = {};
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong('/foo/bar'), '/foo/bar');
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong('foo/bar'), 'foo/bar');
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(null), null);
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(true), true);
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(1), 1);
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(), undefined);
-assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(emptyObj), emptyObj);
 if (common.isWindows) {
-  // These tests cause resolve() to insert the cwd, so we cannot test them from
-  // non-Windows platforms (easily)
   assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('foo\\bar').toLowerCase(),
                      `\\\\?\\${process.cwd().toLowerCase()}\\foo\\bar`);
   assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('foo/bar').toLowerCase(),
@@ -603,19 +637,35 @@ if (common.isWindows) {
                      `\\\\?\\${process.cwd().toLowerCase()}`);
   assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('C').toLowerCase(),
                      `\\\\?\\${process.cwd().toLowerCase()}\\c`);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('C:\\foo'), '\\\\?\\C:\\foo');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('C:/foo'), '\\\\?\\C:\\foo');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('\\\\foo\\bar'),
+                     '\\\\?\\UNC\\foo\\bar\\');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('//foo//bar'),
+                     '\\\\?\\UNC\\foo\\bar\\');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('\\\\?\\foo'), '\\\\?\\foo');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(null), null);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(true), true);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(1), 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(), undefined);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(emptyObj), emptyObj);
+  // direct use path.posix._makeLong on windows will throw error
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    path.posix._makeLong('/foo/bar');
+  }, common.expectsError({code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', type: Error}));
+} else {
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong('/foo/bar'), '/foo/bar');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong('foo/bar'), 'foo/bar');
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(null), null);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(true), true);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(1), 1);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(), undefined);
+  assert.strictEqual(path.posix._makeLong(emptyObj), emptyObj);
+  // direct use path.win32._makeLong on *nix will throw error
+  assert.throws(() => {
+    path.win32._makeLong('\\\\?\\foo');
+  }, common.expectsError({code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PLATFORM', type: Error}));
 }
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('C:\\foo'), '\\\\?\\C:\\foo');
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('C:/foo'), '\\\\?\\C:\\foo');
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('\\\\foo\\bar'),
-                   '\\\\?\\UNC\\foo\\bar\\');
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('//foo//bar'),
-                   '\\\\?\\UNC\\foo\\bar\\');
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong('\\\\?\\foo'), '\\\\?\\foo');
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(null), null);
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(true), true);
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(1), 1);
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(), undefined);
-assert.strictEqual(path.win32._makeLong(emptyObj), emptyObj);
 
 
 if (common.isWindows)