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MathJax

Delimiters

Delimiter Delimiters Example Result Support
No delimiters str \sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2 \sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2 no
Bracket without backslash [str] [\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2] [\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2] no
Single backslash with bracket \[str\] \[\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2\] [\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2] yes
Double backslash with bracket \\[str\\] \\[\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2\\] \[\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2\] no
Parentheses without backslash (str) (\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2) (\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2) no
Single backslash with parentheses \(str\) \(\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2\) (\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2) yes
Double backslash with parentheses \\(str\\) \\(\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2\\) \(\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2\) no
Single dollar sign $str$ $\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2$ $\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2$ yes
Double dollar sign $$str$$ $$\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2$$ $$\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2$$ yes

Empty

  • \(\) ()
  • $$ $$
  • \[\] []
  • $$$$ $$$$

Single Character

  • \(a\) (a)
  • $a$ $a$
  • \[a\] [a]
  • $$a$$ $$a$$

Multiple on single line

  • \(a\) (a) \(b\) (b)
  • $a$ $a$ $b$ $b$
  • \[a\] [a] \[b\] [b]
  • $$a$$ $$a$$ $$b$$ $$b$$

Underscore _

\( single line \)

\(x_i = x_\gamma\) (x_i = x_\gamma)

\( multiline \)

\(
x_i = x_\gamma
\)

( x_i = x_\gamma )


\[ single line \]

\[x_i = x_\gamma\] [x_i = x_\gamma]

\[ multiline \]

\[
x_i = x_\gamma
\]

[ x_i = x_\gamma ]


$ single line $

$x_i = x_\gamma$ $x_i = x_\gamma$

$ multiline $

$
x_i = x_\gamma
$

$ x_i = x_\gamma $


$$ single line $$

$$x_i = x_\gamma$$ $$x_i = x_\gamma$$

$$ multiline $$

$$
x_i = x_\gamma
$$

$$ x_i = x_\gamma $$


\begin{} multiline \end{}

\begin{align}
x_i = x_\gamma
\end{align}

\begin{align} x_i = x_\gamma \end{align}


Escapes

Dollar Sign

  • \$6.20 and \$0.5 - $6.20 and $0.5

  • $4.40 - $4.40

  • \\$1 \\$2 - \$1 \$2


Examples

Using TeX notation

When $a \ne 0$, there are two solutions to (ax^2 + bx + c = 0) and they are $$x = {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac} \over 2a}.$$


Several examples of TeX equations

The Lorenz Equations

\begin{align} \dot{x} & = \sigma(y-x) \ \dot{y} & = \rho x - y - xz \ \dot{z} & = -\beta z + xy \end{align}

The Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality

[ \left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k b_k \right)^{!!2} \leq \left( \sum_{k=1}^n a_k^2 \right) \left( \sum_{k=1}^n b_k^2 \right) ]

A Cross Product Formula

[ \mathbf{V}_1 \times \mathbf{V}_2 = \begin{vmatrix} \mathbf{i} & \mathbf{j} & \mathbf{k} \ \frac{\partial X}{\partial u} & \frac{\partial Y}{\partial u} & 0 \ \frac{\partial X}{\partial v} & \frac{\partial Y}{\partial v} & 0 \ \end{vmatrix} ]

The probability of getting (k) heads when flipping (n) coins is:

[P(E) = {n \choose k} p^k (1-p)^{ n-k} ]

An Identity of Ramanujan

[ \frac{1}{(\sqrt{\phi \sqrt{5}}-\phi) e^{\frac25 \pi}} = 1+\frac{e^{-2\pi}} {1+\frac{e^{-4\pi}} {1+\frac{e^{-6\pi}} {1+\frac{e^{-8\pi}} {1+\ldots} } } } ]

A Rogers-Ramanujan Identity

[ 1 + \frac{q^2}{(1-q)}+\frac{q^6}{(1-q)(1-q^2)}+\cdots = \prod_{j=0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{(1-q^{5j+2})(1-q^{5j+3})}, \quad\quad \text{for $|q|<1$}. ]

Maxwell's Equations

\begin{align} \nabla \times \vec{\mathbf{B}} -, \frac1c, \frac{\partial\vec{\mathbf{E}}}{\partial t} & = \frac{4\pi}{c}\vec{\mathbf{j}} \ \nabla \cdot \vec{\mathbf{E}} & = 4 \pi \rho \ \nabla \times \vec{\mathbf{E}}, +, \frac1c, \frac{\partial\vec{\mathbf{B}}}{\partial t} & = \vec{\mathbf{0}} \ \nabla \cdot \vec{\mathbf{B}} & = 0 \end{align}

Stochastic Simulation

Input: $\mathbf{X}i = (X{1i}, \ldots, X_{ki})$

Output: $\mathbf{Y}_i = h(\mathbf{X}_i)$

Analysis:

$$Pr(h(\mathbf{X}) \le b) \approx \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^N I(h(\mathbf{X}i) \le b)$$ $$E(h(\mathbf{X})) \approx \frac{1}{N} \sum{i=1}^N h(\mathbf{X}_i)$$

In-line Mathematics

Finally, while display equations look good for a page of samples, the ability to mix math and text in a paragraph is also important. This expression (\sqrt{3x-1}+(1+x)^2) is an example of an inline equation. As you see, MathJax equations can be used this way as well, without unduly disturbing the spacing between lines.


Misc

  • $E = mc^2$

  • ( A_i = B_i + C_i \sum_{k=0}^{i} D_k E^k )

  • \begin{eqnarray} A_i &=& B_i + C_i \sum_{k=0}^{i} D_k E^k \ F_i &=& \int_{-\infty}^{x_i} f(x) dx \end{eqnarray}

  • $\frac{w_x}{\sum_z x_z}$

  • $\frac{w}{\sum_{z} x_z}$

  • $x_\gamma = x_i$

  • $x_i = x_\gamma$

Cost function of logistic regression (revision):

$$J(\theta) = - \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^m [ y^{(i)}\ \log (h_\theta (x^{(i)})) + (1 - y^{(i)})\ \log (1 - h_\theta(x^{(i)}))] + \frac{\lambda}{2m}\sum_{j=1}^n \theta_j^2$$

For Neural Networks, it is:

$$ J(\Theta) = - \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{k=1}^K \left[y^{(i)}k \log ((h\Theta (x^{(i)}))k) + (1 - y^{(i)}k)\log (1 - (h\Theta(x^{(i)}))k)\right] + \frac{\lambda}{2m}\sum{l=1}^{L-1} \sum{p=1}^{s_l} \sum_{n=1}^{s_{l+1}} ( \Theta_{n,p}^{(l)})^2 $$

Commutative diagrams using \array or \newcommand:

$$ \newcommand{\ra}[1]{!!!!!!!!!!!!\xrightarrow{\quad#1\quad}!!!!!!!!} \newcommand{\da}[1]{\left\downarrow{\scriptstyle#1}\vphantom{\displaystyle\int_0^1}\right.} % \begin{array}{llllllllllll} 0 & \ra{f_1} & A & \ra{f_2} & B & \ra{f_3} & C & \ra{f_4} & D & \ra{f_5} & 0 \\ \da{g_1} & & \da{g_2} & & \da{g_3} & & \da{g_4} & & \da{g_5} & & \da{g_6} \\ 0 & \ra{h_1} & 0 & \ra{h_2} & E & \ra{h_3} & F & \ra{h_4} & 0 & \ra{h_5} & 0 \\ \end{array} $$

$$ \begin{array}{ccccccccc} 0 & \xrightarrow{i} & A & \xrightarrow{f} & B & \xrightarrow{q} & C & \xrightarrow{d} & 0 \\ \downarrow & \searrow & \downarrow & \nearrow & \downarrow & \searrow & \downarrow & \nearrow & \downarrow \\ 0 & \xrightarrow{j} & D & \xrightarrow{g} & E & \xrightarrow{r} & F & \xrightarrow{e} & 0 \end{array} $$


Formatting

  • $\textbf{bold}$

  • $\textit{italic}$

  • $\mathtt{Typewriter}$

  • $\mathscr{script}$

  • $\mathcal{CALLIGRAPHIC}$

  • $\mathfrak{Fraktur}$


TeX/LaTeX Extensions

  • $\mathtip{math}{tip}$

  • $\toggle{math1}{math2}\endtoggle$

  • $\circeq \lesseqqgtr$

  • $ \bbox[red]{x+y} \bbox[2pt]{x+1} \bbox[red,2pt]{x+1} \bbox[5px, border: 2px solid red]{x+1} $

  • $\boldsymbol{A}$

  • $\bra{1}$

  • $$ \begin{prooftree} \AxiomC{} \RightLabel{Hyp$^{1}$} \UnaryInfC{$P$} \AXC{$P\to Q$} \RL{$\to_E$} \BIC{$Q^2$} \AXC{$Q\to R$} \RL{$\to_E$} \BIC{$R$} \AXC{$Q$} \RL{Rit$^2$} \UIC{$Q$} \RL{$\wedge_I$} \BIC{$Q\wedge R$} \RL{$\to_I$$^1$} \UIC{$P\to Q\wedge R$} \end{prooftree} $$

  • $\cancel{math}$

  • $ \require{centernot} \begin{array}{c} A \not\longrightarrow B\ A \centernot\longrightarrow B \end{array} $

  • $\color{red}{x} \color{black}+ \color{blue}{y}$

  • $ \require{colortbl} \begin{array}{|l|c|} \rowcolor[gray]{.5}\columncolor{red} one & two\ \rowcolor{lightblue} three & four\\hline five & six \ \rowcolor{magenta}seven & \cellcolor{green}eight \end{array} $

  • $ \require{empheq} \empheqbiglbrack $

  • $ \enclose{circle}[mathcolor="red"]{x} \enclose{circle}[mathcolor="red"]{\color{black}{x}} \enclose{circle,box}{x} \enclose{circle}{\enclose{box}{x}} $

  • $ \require{gensymb} \celsius \degree \micro \ohm \perthousand $

  • $ \ce{C6H5-CHO} \ce{$A$ ->[\ce{+H2O}] $B$} \ce{SO4^2- + Ba^2+ -> BaSO4 v} $

  • $ \require{physics} \ket{\psi}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\ket{00}+\ket{11}) $

  • $ \unicode{65} % the character 'A' \unicode{x41} % the character 'A' \unicode[.55,0.05]{x22D6} % less-than with dot, with height .55em and depth 0.05em \unicode[.55,0.05][Geramond]{x22D6} % same taken from Geramond font \unicode[Garamond]{x22D6} % same, but with default height, depth of .8em,.2em $

  • $ \require{upgreek} \upalpha \upbeta \upchi \updelta $

  • $\verb|\sqrt{x}|$