diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/QueryValidator.scala b/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/QueryValidator.scala
index b3ff0ca6..635e2250 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/QueryValidator.scala
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/QueryValidator.scala
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ object QueryValidator {
     new VariablesAreInputTypes,
     new VariablesInAllowedPosition,
     new InputDocumentNonConflictingVariableInference,
-    new SingleFieldSubscriptions
+    new SingleFieldSubscriptions,
+    new ExactlyOneOfFieldGiven
   )
 
   def ruleBased(rules: List[ValidationRule]): RuleBasedQueryValidator =
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/Violation.scala b/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/Violation.scala
index 1b12ccd5..5d2b79c4 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/Violation.scala
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/Violation.scala
@@ -1105,6 +1105,14 @@ case class NoQueryTypeViolation(sourceMapper: Option[SourceMapper], locations: L
     "Must provide schema definition with query type or a type named Query."
 }
 
+case class NotExactlyOneOfField(
+    typeName: String,
+    sourceMapper: Option[SourceMapper],
+    locations: List[AstLocation]
+) extends AstNodeViolation {
+  lazy val simpleErrorMessage = s"Exactly one key must be specified for oneOf type '${typeName}'."
+}
+
 case class OneOfMandatoryField(
     fieldName: String,
     typeName: String,
diff --git a/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/rules/ExactlyOneOfFieldGiven.scala b/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/rules/ExactlyOneOfFieldGiven.scala
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3ac6921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/src/main/scala/sangria/validation/rules/ExactlyOneOfFieldGiven.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package sangria.validation.rules
+
+import sangria.ast
+import sangria.schema
+import sangria.ast.AstVisitorCommand
+import sangria.validation._
+
+/** For oneOf input objects, exactly one field should be non-null. */
+class ExactlyOneOfFieldGiven extends ValidationRule {
+  override def visitor(ctx: ValidationContext) = new AstValidatingVisitor {
+    override val onEnter: ValidationVisit = { case ast.ObjectValue(fields, _, pos) =>
+      ctx.typeInfo.inputType match {
+        case Some(inputType) =>
+          inputType.namedInputType match {
+            case schema.InputObjectType(name, _, _, directives, _) if directives.exists { d =>
+                  d.name == schema.OneOfDirective.name
+                } =>
+              val nonNullFields = fields.filter { field =>
+                field.value match {
+                  case ast.NullValue(_, _) => false
+                  case _ => true
+                }
+              }
+
+              nonNullFields.size match {
+                case 1 => AstVisitorCommand.RightContinue
+                case _ =>
+                  Left(Vector(NotExactlyOneOfField(name, ctx.sourceMapper, pos.toList)))
+              }
+
+            case _ => AstVisitorCommand.RightContinue
+          }
+        case None => AstVisitorCommand.RightContinue
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/util/ValidationSupport.scala b/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/util/ValidationSupport.scala
index 7de201fd..95db047d 100644
--- a/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/util/ValidationSupport.scala
+++ b/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/util/ValidationSupport.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package sangria.util
 
+import sangria.ast
 import sangria.parser.QueryParser
 import sangria.schema._
 import sangria.validation._
@@ -145,6 +146,13 @@ trait ValidationSupport extends Matchers {
     )
   )
 
+  val OneOfInput = InputObjectType(
+    "OneOfInput",
+    List(
+      InputField("catName", OptionInputType(StringType)),
+      InputField("dogId", OptionInputType(IntType))
+    )).withDirective(ast.Directive(OneOfDirective.name))
+
   val ComplicatedArgs = ObjectType(
     "ComplicatedArgs",
     List[TestField](
@@ -251,7 +259,13 @@ trait ValidationSupport extends Matchers {
       Field("catOrDog", OptionType(CatOrDog), resolve = _ => None),
       Field("dogOrHuman", OptionType(DogOrHuman), resolve = _ => None),
       Field("humanOrAlien", OptionType(HumanOrAlien), resolve = _ => None),
-      Field("complicatedArgs", OptionType(ComplicatedArgs), resolve = _ => None)
+      Field("complicatedArgs", OptionType(ComplicatedArgs), resolve = _ => None),
+      Field(
+        "oneOfQuery",
+        OptionType(CatOrDog),
+        arguments = List(Argument("input", OneOfInput)),
+        resolve = _ => None
+      )
     )
   )
 
diff --git a/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/validation/rules/ExactlyOneOfFieldGivenSpec.scala b/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/validation/rules/ExactlyOneOfFieldGivenSpec.scala
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cbff6a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/core/src/test/scala/sangria/validation/rules/ExactlyOneOfFieldGivenSpec.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package sangria.validation.rules
+
+import sangria.util.{Pos, ValidationSupport}
+import org.scalatest.wordspec.AnyWordSpec
+
+class ExactlyOneOfFieldGivenSpec extends AnyWordSpec with ValidationSupport {
+
+  override val defaultRule = Some(new ExactlyOneOfFieldGiven)
+
+  "Validate: exactly oneOf field given" should {
+    "with exactly one non-null field given" in expectPasses("""
+          query OneOfQuery {
+            oneOfQuery(input: {
+                catName: "Gretel"
+            }) {
+                ... on Cat {
+                    name
+                }
+            }
+          }
+        """)
+
+    "with exactly one null field given" in expectFails(
+      """
+          query OneOfQuery {
+            oneOfQuery(input: {
+                catName: null
+            }) {
+                ... on Cat {
+                    name
+                }
+            }
+          }
+        """,
+      List("Exactly one key must be specified for oneOf type 'OneOfInput'." -> Some(Pos(3, 31)))
+    )
+
+    "with no fields given" in expectFails(
+      """
+          query OneOfQuery {
+            oneOfQuery(input: {}) {
+                ... on Cat {
+                    name
+                }
+            }
+          }
+        """,
+      List("Exactly one key must be specified for oneOf type 'OneOfInput'." -> Some(Pos(3, 31)))
+    )
+
+    "with more than one non-null fields given" in expectFails(
+      """
+          query OneOfQuery {
+            oneOfQuery(input: {
+                catName: "Gretel",
+                dogId: 123
+            }) {
+                ... on Cat {
+                    name
+                }
+                ... on Dog {
+                    name
+                }
+            }
+          }
+        """,
+      List("Exactly one key must be specified for oneOf type 'OneOfInput'." -> Some(Pos(3, 31)))
+    )
+  }
+}