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ggml-quants.c
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#include "ggml-quants.h"
#include "ggml-impl.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // for qsort
#include <stdio.h> // for GGML_ASSERT
#ifdef __ARM_NEON
// if YCM cannot find <arm_neon.h>, make a symbolic link to it, for example:
//
// $ ln -sfn /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/13.1.6/include/arm_neon.h ./src/
//
#include <arm_neon.h>
#else
#ifdef __wasm_simd128__
#include <wasm_simd128.h>
#else
#if defined(__POWER9_VECTOR__) || defined(__powerpc64__)
#include <altivec.h>
#undef bool
#define bool _Bool
#else
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW32__)
#include <intrin.h>
#else
#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__) || defined(__SSE3__)
#if !defined(__riscv)
#include <immintrin.h>
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif
#ifdef __riscv_v_intrinsic
#include <riscv_vector.h>
#endif
#undef MIN
#undef MAX
#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
#define MM256_SET_M128I(a, b) _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(b), (a), 1)
#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__)
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice
static inline __m128i mul_sum_i8_pairs(const __m128i x, const __m128i y) {
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m128i ax = _mm_sign_epi8(x, x);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m128i sy = _mm_sign_epi8(y, x);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dot = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
const __m128i ones = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
return _mm_madd_epi16(ones, dot);
}
#if __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
// horizontally add 8 floats
static inline float hsum_float_8(const __m256 x) {
__m128 res = _mm256_extractf128_ps(x, 1);
res = _mm_add_ps(res, _mm256_castps256_ps128(x));
res = _mm_add_ps(res, _mm_movehl_ps(res, res));
res = _mm_add_ss(res, _mm_movehdup_ps(res));
return _mm_cvtss_f32(res);
}
// horizontally add 8 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_8(const __m256i a) {
const __m128i sum128 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(a), _mm256_extractf128_si256(a, 1));
const __m128i hi64 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(sum128, sum128);
const __m128i sum64 = _mm_add_epi32(hi64, sum128);
const __m128i hi32 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(sum64, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_add_epi32(sum64, hi32));
}
// horizontally add 4 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_4(const __m128i a) {
const __m128i hi64 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(a, a);
const __m128i sum64 = _mm_add_epi32(hi64, a);
const __m128i hi32 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(sum64, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_add_epi32(sum64, hi32));
}
#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
uint32_t x32;
memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
const __m256i shuf_mask = _mm256_set_epi64x(
0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202,
0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
__m256i bytes = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_mask);
const __m256i bit_mask = _mm256_set1_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
bytes = _mm256_or_si256(bytes, bit_mask);
return _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(bytes, _mm256_set1_epi64x(-1));
}
// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi)
{
const __m128i tmp = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
const __m256i bytes = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(tmp, 4), tmp);
const __m256i lowMask = _mm256_set1_epi8( 0xF );
return _mm256_and_si256(lowMask, bytes);
}
// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m256i x) {
const __m256i ones = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);
const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_madd_epi16(ones, x);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
}
static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
#if __AVXVNNI__
const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_dpbusd_epi32(zero, ax, sy);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
#else
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m256i dot = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(dot);
#endif
}
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
#if __AVXVNNIINT8__
const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_dpbssd_epi32(zero, x, y);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
#else
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m256i ax = _mm256_sign_epi8(x, x);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m256i sy = _mm256_sign_epi8(y, x);
return mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(ax, sy);
#endif
}
static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m256i bytes )
{
// Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
#if __AVX512F__
const __m256i bytes_srli_4 = _mm256_srli_epi16(bytes, 4); // 0000_0000_abcd_0000
bytes = _mm256_or_si256(bytes, bytes_srli_4); // 0000_abcd_abcd_efgh
return _mm256_cvtepi16_epi8(bytes); // abcd_efgh
#else
const __m256i lowByte = _mm256_set1_epi16( 0xFF );
__m256i high = _mm256_andnot_si256( lowByte, bytes );
__m256i low = _mm256_and_si256( lowByte, bytes );
high = _mm256_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
bytes = _mm256_or_si256( low, high );
// Compress uint16_t lanes into bytes
__m128i r0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( bytes );
__m128i r1 = _mm256_extracti128_si256( bytes, 1 );
return _mm_packus_epi16( r0, r1 );
#endif
}
#elif defined(__AVX__)
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
uint32_t x32;
memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
const __m128i shuf_maskl = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
const __m128i shuf_maskh = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202);
__m128i bytesl = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_maskl);
__m128i bytesh = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_maskh);
const __m128i bit_mask = _mm_set1_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
bytesl = _mm_or_si128(bytesl, bit_mask);
bytesh = _mm_or_si128(bytesh, bit_mask);
bytesl = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytesl, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
bytesh = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytesh, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
return MM256_SET_M128I(bytesh, bytesl);
}
// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi)
{
// Load 16 bytes from memory
__m128i tmpl = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
__m128i tmph = _mm_srli_epi16(tmpl, 4);
const __m128i lowMask = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
tmpl = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmpl);
tmph = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmph);
return MM256_SET_M128I(tmph, tmpl);
}
// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m128i xh, const __m128i xl) {
const __m128i ones = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
const __m128i summed_pairsl = _mm_madd_epi16(ones, xl);
const __m128i summed_pairsh = _mm_madd_epi16(ones, xh);
const __m256i summed_pairs = MM256_SET_M128I(summed_pairsh, summed_pairsl);
return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
}
static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
const __m128i axl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(ax);
const __m128i axh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(ax, 1);
const __m128i syl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(sy);
const __m128i syh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(sy, 1);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dotl = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axl, syl);
const __m128i doth = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axh, syh);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(doth, dotl);
}
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
const __m128i xl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(x);
const __m128i xh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(x, 1);
const __m128i yl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(y);
const __m128i yh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(y, 1);
// Get absolute values of x vectors
const __m128i axl = _mm_sign_epi8(xl, xl);
const __m128i axh = _mm_sign_epi8(xh, xh);
// Sign the values of the y vectors
const __m128i syl = _mm_sign_epi8(yl, xl);
const __m128i syh = _mm_sign_epi8(yh, xh);
// Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
const __m128i dotl = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axl, syl);
const __m128i doth = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axh, syh);
return sum_i16_pairs_float(doth, dotl);
}
static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m128i bytes1, __m128i bytes2 )
{
// Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
const __m128i lowByte = _mm_set1_epi16( 0xFF );
__m128i high = _mm_andnot_si128( lowByte, bytes1 );
__m128i low = _mm_and_si128( lowByte, bytes1 );
high = _mm_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
bytes1 = _mm_or_si128( low, high );
high = _mm_andnot_si128( lowByte, bytes2 );
low = _mm_and_si128( lowByte, bytes2 );
high = _mm_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
bytes2 = _mm_or_si128( low, high );
return _mm_packus_epi16( bytes1, bytes2);
}
#endif
#elif defined(__SSSE3__)
// horizontally add 4x4 floats
static inline float hsum_float_4x4(const __m128 a, const __m128 b, const __m128 c, const __m128 d) {
__m128 res_0 =_mm_hadd_ps(a, b);
__m128 res_1 =_mm_hadd_ps(c, d);
__m128 res =_mm_hadd_ps(res_0, res_1);
res =_mm_hadd_ps(res, res);
res =_mm_hadd_ps(res, res);
return _mm_cvtss_f32(res);
}
#endif // __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
#endif // defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__)
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
#if !defined(__aarch64__)
// 64-bit compatibility
// vaddvq_s16
// vpaddq_s16
// vpaddq_s32
// vaddvq_s32
// vaddvq_f32
// vmaxvq_f32
// vcvtnq_s32_f32
// vzip1_u8
// vzip2_u8
inline static int32_t vaddvq_s16(int16x8_t v) {
return
(int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 0) + (int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 1) +
(int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 2) + (int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 3) +
(int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 4) + (int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 5) +
(int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 6) + (int32_t)vgetq_lane_s16(v, 7);
}
inline static int16x8_t vpaddq_s16(int16x8_t a, int16x8_t b) {
int16x4_t a0 = vpadd_s16(vget_low_s16(a), vget_high_s16(a));
int16x4_t b0 = vpadd_s16(vget_low_s16(b), vget_high_s16(b));
return vcombine_s16(a0, b0);
}
inline static int32x4_t vpaddq_s32(int32x4_t a, int32x4_t b) {
int32x2_t a0 = vpadd_s32(vget_low_s32(a), vget_high_s32(a));
int32x2_t b0 = vpadd_s32(vget_low_s32(b), vget_high_s32(b));
return vcombine_s32(a0, b0);
}
inline static int32_t vaddvq_s32(int32x4_t v) {
return vgetq_lane_s32(v, 0) + vgetq_lane_s32(v, 1) + vgetq_lane_s32(v, 2) + vgetq_lane_s32(v, 3);
}
inline static float vaddvq_f32(float32x4_t v) {
return vgetq_lane_f32(v, 0) + vgetq_lane_f32(v, 1) + vgetq_lane_f32(v, 2) + vgetq_lane_f32(v, 3);
}
inline static float vmaxvq_f32(float32x4_t v) {
return
MAX(MAX(vgetq_lane_f32(v, 0), vgetq_lane_f32(v, 1)),
MAX(vgetq_lane_f32(v, 2), vgetq_lane_f32(v, 3)));
}
inline static int32x4_t vcvtnq_s32_f32(float32x4_t v) {
int32x4_t res;
res[0] = roundf(vgetq_lane_f32(v, 0));
res[1] = roundf(vgetq_lane_f32(v, 1));
res[2] = roundf(vgetq_lane_f32(v, 2));
res[3] = roundf(vgetq_lane_f32(v, 3));
return res;
}
inline static uint8x8_t vzip1_u8(uint8x8_t a, uint8x8_t b) {
uint8x8_t res;
res[0] = a[0]; res[1] = b[0];
res[2] = a[1]; res[3] = b[1];
res[4] = a[2]; res[5] = b[2];
res[6] = a[3]; res[7] = b[3];
return res;
}
inline static uint8x8_t vzip2_u8(uint8x8_t a, uint8x8_t b) {
uint8x8_t res;
res[0] = a[4]; res[1] = b[4];
res[2] = a[5]; res[3] = b[5];
res[4] = a[6]; res[5] = b[6];
res[6] = a[7]; res[7] = b[7];
return res;
}
// vld1q_s16_x2
// vld1q_u8_x2
// vld1q_u8_x4
// vld1q_s8_x2
// vld1q_s8_x4
// TODO: double-check these work correctly
typedef struct ggml_int16x8x2_t {
int16x8_t val[2];
} ggml_int16x8x2_t;
inline static ggml_int16x8x2_t ggml_vld1q_s16_x2(const int16_t * ptr) {
ggml_int16x8x2_t res;
res.val[0] = vld1q_s16(ptr + 0);
res.val[1] = vld1q_s16(ptr + 8);
return res;
}
typedef struct ggml_uint8x16x2_t {
uint8x16_t val[2];
} ggml_uint8x16x2_t;
inline static ggml_uint8x16x2_t ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(const uint8_t * ptr) {
ggml_uint8x16x2_t res;
res.val[0] = vld1q_u8(ptr + 0);
res.val[1] = vld1q_u8(ptr + 16);
return res;
}
typedef struct ggml_uint8x16x4_t {
uint8x16_t val[4];
} ggml_uint8x16x4_t;
inline static ggml_uint8x16x4_t ggml_vld1q_u8_x4(const uint8_t * ptr) {
ggml_uint8x16x4_t res;
res.val[0] = vld1q_u8(ptr + 0);
res.val[1] = vld1q_u8(ptr + 16);
res.val[2] = vld1q_u8(ptr + 32);
res.val[3] = vld1q_u8(ptr + 48);
return res;
}
typedef struct ggml_int8x16x2_t {
int8x16_t val[2];
} ggml_int8x16x2_t;
inline static ggml_int8x16x2_t ggml_vld1q_s8_x2(const int8_t * ptr) {
ggml_int8x16x2_t res;
res.val[0] = vld1q_s8(ptr + 0);
res.val[1] = vld1q_s8(ptr + 16);
return res;
}
typedef struct ggml_int8x16x4_t {
int8x16_t val[4];
} ggml_int8x16x4_t;
inline static ggml_int8x16x4_t ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(const int8_t * ptr) {
ggml_int8x16x4_t res;
res.val[0] = vld1q_s8(ptr + 0);
res.val[1] = vld1q_s8(ptr + 16);
res.val[2] = vld1q_s8(ptr + 32);
res.val[3] = vld1q_s8(ptr + 48);
return res;
}
#else
#define ggml_int16x8x2_t int16x8x2_t
#define ggml_uint8x16x2_t uint8x16x2_t
#define ggml_uint8x16x4_t uint8x16x4_t
#define ggml_int8x16x2_t int8x16x2_t
#define ggml_int8x16x4_t int8x16x4_t
#define ggml_vld1q_s16_x2 vld1q_s16_x2
#define ggml_vld1q_u8_x2 vld1q_u8_x2
#define ggml_vld1q_u8_x4 vld1q_u8_x4
#define ggml_vld1q_s8_x2 vld1q_s8_x2
#define ggml_vld1q_s8_x4 vld1q_s8_x4
#endif
#if !defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
inline static int32x4_t ggml_vdotq_s32(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b) {
const int16x8_t p0 = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (a), vget_low_s8 (b));
const int16x8_t p1 = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(a), vget_high_s8(b));
return vaddq_s32(acc, vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(p0), vpaddlq_s16(p1)));
}
#else
#define ggml_vdotq_s32(a, b, c) vdotq_s32(a, b, c)
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__wasm_simd128__)
#define B1(c,s,n) 0x ## n ## c , 0x ## n ## s
#define B2(c,s,n) B1(c,s,n ## c), B1(c,s,n ## s)
#define B3(c,s,n) B2(c,s,n ## c), B2(c,s,n ## s)
#define B4(c,s,n) B3(c,s,n ## c), B3(c,s,n ## s)
#define B5(c,s,n) B4(c,s,n ## c), B4(c,s,n ## s)
#define B6(c,s,n) B5(c,s,n ## c), B5(c,s,n ## s)
#define B7(c,s,n) B6(c,s,n ## c), B6(c,s,n ## s)
#define B8(c,s ) B7(c,s, c), B7(c,s, s)
// precomputed tables for expanding 8bits to 8 bytes:
static const uint64_t table_b2b_0[1 << 8] = { B8(00, 10) }; // ( b) << 4
static const uint64_t table_b2b_1[1 << 8] = { B8(10, 00) }; // (!b) << 4
#endif
// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q4_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * restrict y, int k) {
static const int qk = QK4_0;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
float max = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
amax = fabsf(v);
max = v;
}
}
const float d = max / -8;
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = x[i*qk + 0 + j]*id;
const float x1 = x[i*qk + qk/2 + j]*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));
y[i].qs[j] = xi0;
y[i].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
}
}
}
void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int k) {
quantize_row_q4_0_reference(x, y, k);
}
void quantize_row_q4_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_1 * restrict y, int k) {
const int qk = QK4_1;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float min = FLT_MAX;
float max = -FLT_MAX;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (v < min) min = v;
if (v > max) max = v;
}
const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = (x[i*qk + 0 + j] - min)*id;
const float x1 = (x[i*qk + qk/2 + j] - min)*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));
y[i].qs[j] = xi0;
y[i].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
}
}
}
void quantize_row_q4_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int k) {
quantize_row_q4_1_reference(x, y, k);
}
void quantize_row_q5_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q5_0 * restrict y, int k) {
static const int qk = QK5_0;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
float max = 0.0f;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
amax = fabsf(v);
max = v;
}
}
const float d = max / -16;
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
uint32_t qh = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = x[i*qk + 0 + j]*id;
const float x1 = x[i*qk + qk/2 + j]*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));
y[i].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);
// get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + qk/2);
}
memcpy(&y[i].qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
}
}
void quantize_row_q5_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int k) {
quantize_row_q5_0_reference(x, y, k);
}
void quantize_row_q5_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q5_1 * restrict y, int k) {
const int qk = QK5_1;
assert(k % qk == 0);
const int nb = k / qk;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float min = FLT_MAX;
float max = -FLT_MAX;
for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
const float v = x[i*qk + j];
if (v < min) min = v;
if (v > max) max = v;
}
const float d = (max - min) / ((1 << 5) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);
uint32_t qh = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
const float x0 = (x[i*qk + 0 + j] - min)*id;
const float x1 = (x[i*qk + qk/2 + j] - min)*id;
const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);
y[i].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);
// get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + qk/2);
}
memcpy(&y[i].qh, &qh, sizeof(y[i].qh));
}
}
void quantize_row_q5_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int k) {
quantize_row_q5_1_reference(x, y, k);
}
// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q8_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_0 * restrict y, int k) {
assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
const int nb = k / QK8_0;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
const float v = x[i*QK8_0 + j];
amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
}
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
const float x0 = x[i*QK8_0 + j]*id;
y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
}
}
}
void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
assert(QK8_0 == 32);
assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
const int nb = k / QK8_0;
block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float32x4_t srcv [8];
float32x4_t asrcv[8];
float32x4_t amaxv[8];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vld1q_f32(x + i*32 + 4*j);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vabsq_f32(srcv[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = vmaxq_f32(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);
const float amax = vmaxvq_f32(amaxv[0]);
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
const float32x4_t v = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[j], id);
const int32x4_t vi = vcvtnq_s32_f32(v);
y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 0);
y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 1);
y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 2);
y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 3);
}
}
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
v128_t srcv [8];
v128_t asrcv[8];
v128_t amaxv[8];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = wasm_v128_load(x + i*32 + 4*j);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = wasm_f32x4_abs(srcv[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);
const float amax = MAX(MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 0),
wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 1)),
MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 2),
wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 3)));
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
const v128_t v = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[j], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
const v128_t vi = wasm_i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4(v);
y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 0);
y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 1);
y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 2);
y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 3);
}
}
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
// Load elements into 4 AVX vectors
__m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x );
__m256 v1 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 8 );
__m256 v2 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 16 );
__m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
x += 32;
// Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );
__m256 maxAbs = _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v0 );
maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v1 ) );
maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v2 ) );
maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v3 ) );
__m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( maxAbs, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( maxAbs ) );
max4 = _mm_max_ps( max4, _mm_movehl_ps( max4, max4 ) );
max4 = _mm_max_ss( max4, _mm_movehdup_ps( max4 ) );
const float maxScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( max4 );
// Quantize these floats
const float d = maxScalar / 127.f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );
// Apply the multiplier
v0 = _mm256_mul_ps( v0, mul );
v1 = _mm256_mul_ps( v1, mul );
v2 = _mm256_mul_ps( v2, mul );
v3 = _mm256_mul_ps( v3, mul );
// Round to nearest integer
v0 = _mm256_round_ps( v0, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
v1 = _mm256_round_ps( v1, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
v2 = _mm256_round_ps( v2, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
v3 = _mm256_round_ps( v3, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
// Convert floats to integers
__m256i i0 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v0 );
__m256i i1 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v1 );
__m256i i2 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v2 );
__m256i i3 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v3 );
#if defined(__AVX2__)
// Convert int32 to int16
i0 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i0, i1 ); // 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15
i2 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i2, i3 ); // 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31
// Convert int16 to int8
i0 = _mm256_packs_epi16( i0, i2 ); // 0, 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 17, 18, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31
// We got our precious signed bytes, but the order is now wrong
// These AVX2 pack instructions process 16-byte pieces independently
// The following instruction is fixing the order
const __m256i perm = _mm256_setr_epi32( 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 );
i0 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32( i0, perm );
_mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)y[i].qs, i0);
#else
// Since we don't have in AVX some necessary functions,
// we split the registers in half and call AVX2 analogs from SSE
__m128i ni0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i0 );
__m128i ni1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i0, 1);
__m128i ni2 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i1 );
__m128i ni3 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i1, 1);
__m128i ni4 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i2 );
__m128i ni5 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i2, 1);
__m128i ni6 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i3 );
__m128i ni7 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i3, 1);
// Convert int32 to int16
ni0 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni0, ni1 );
ni2 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni2, ni3 );
ni4 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni4, ni5 );
ni6 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni6, ni7 );
// Convert int16 to int8
ni0 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni0, ni2 );
ni4 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni4, ni6 );
_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(y[i].qs + 0), ni0);
_mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(y[i].qs + 16), ni4);
#endif
}
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(QK8_0);
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
// load elements
vfloat32m4_t v_x = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(x+i*QK8_0, vl);
vfloat32m4_t vfabs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m4(v_x, vl);
vfloat32m1_t tmp = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, vl);
vfloat32m1_t vmax = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m4_f32m1(vfabs, tmp, vl);
float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vmax);
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
vfloat32m4_t x0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(v_x, id, vl);
// convert to integer
vint16m2_t vi = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m2(x0, vl);
vint8m1_t vs = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m1(vi, vl);
// store result
__riscv_vse8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs , vs, vl);
}
#else
GGML_UNUSED(nb);
// scalar
quantize_row_q8_0_reference(x, y, k);
#endif
}
// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q8_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_1 * restrict y, int k) {
assert(QK8_1 == 32);
assert(k % QK8_1 == 0);
const int nb = k / QK8_1;
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
for (int j = 0; j < QK8_1; j++) {
const float v = x[i*QK8_1 + j];
amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
}
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = d;
int sum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < QK8_1/2; ++j) {
const float v0 = x[i*QK8_1 + j]*id;
const float v1 = x[i*QK8_1 + QK8_1/2 + j]*id;
y[i].qs[ j] = roundf(v0);
y[i].qs[QK8_1/2 + j] = roundf(v1);
sum += y[i].qs[ j];
sum += y[i].qs[QK8_1/2 + j];
}
y[i].s = sum*d;
}
}
void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
assert(k % QK8_1 == 0);
const int nb = k / QK8_1;
block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
float32x4_t srcv [8];
float32x4_t asrcv[8];
float32x4_t amaxv[8];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vld1q_f32(x + i*32 + 4*j);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vabsq_f32(srcv[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = vmaxq_f32(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);
const float amax = vmaxvq_f32(amaxv[0]);
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = d;
int32x4_t accv = vdupq_n_s32(0);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
const float32x4_t v = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[j], id);
const int32x4_t vi = vcvtnq_s32_f32(v);
y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 0);
y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 1);
y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 2);
y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 3);
accv = vaddq_s32(accv, vi);
}
y[i].s = d * vaddvq_s32(accv);
}
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
v128_t srcv [8];
v128_t asrcv[8];
v128_t amaxv[8];
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = wasm_v128_load(x + i*32 + 4*j);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = wasm_f32x4_abs(srcv[j]);
for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);
const float amax = MAX(MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 0),
wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 1)),
MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 2),
wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 3)));
const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
y[i].d = d;
v128_t accv = wasm_i32x4_splat(0);
for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
const v128_t v = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[j], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
const v128_t vi = wasm_i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4(v);
y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 0);
y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 1);
y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 2);
y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 3);
accv = wasm_i32x4_add(accv, vi);
}
y[i].s = d * (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 0) +
wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 1) +
wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 2) +
wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 3));
}
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
// Load elements into 4 AVX vectors
__m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x );
__m256 v1 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 8 );
__m256 v2 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 16 );
__m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
x += 32;
// Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );