diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index a79a02da0..ff8aa2618 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 - Add `RSpec/RedundantAround` cop. ([@r7kamura])
 - Add `RSpec/Rails/TravelAround` cop. ([@r7kamura])
 - Add `RSpec/ContainExactly` and `RSpec/MatchArray` cops. ([@faucct])
+- Fix a false positive for `RSpec/PendingWithoutReason` when not inside example and pending/skip with block. ([@ydah], [@pirj])
+- Fix a false positive for `RSpec/PendingWithoutReason` when `skip` is passed a block inside example. ([@ydah], [@pirj])
 
 ## 2.18.1 (2023-01-19)
 
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason.rb
index 08111a52c..15554ed2b 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason.rb
@@ -59,61 +59,90 @@ module RSpec
       class PendingWithoutReason < Base
         MSG = 'Give the reason for pending or skip.'
 
-        # @!method pending_by_example_method?(node)
-        def_node_matcher :pending_by_example_method?, block_pattern(<<~PATTERN)
-          #Examples.pending
+        # @!method skipped_in_example?(node)
+        def_node_matcher :skipped_in_example?, <<~PATTERN
+          {
+            (send nil? ${#Examples.skipped #Examples.pending})
+            (block (send nil? ${#Examples.skipped}) ...)
+            (numblock (send nil? ${#Examples.skipped}) ...)
+          }
         PATTERN
 
-        # @!method pending_by_metadata_without_reason?(node)
-        def_node_matcher :pending_by_metadata_without_reason?, <<~PATTERN
-          (send #rspec? {#ExampleGroups.all #Examples.all} ... {<(sym :pending) ...> (hash <(pair (sym :pending) true) ...>)})
+        # @!method skipped_by_example_method?(node)
+        def_node_matcher :skipped_by_example_method?, <<~PATTERN
+          (send nil? ${#Examples.skipped #Examples.pending} ...)
         PATTERN
 
-        # @!method skipped_by_example_method?(node)
-        def_node_matcher :skipped_by_example_method?, block_pattern(<<~PATTERN)
-          #Examples.skipped
+        # @!method metadata_without_reason?(node)
+        def_node_matcher :metadata_without_reason?, <<~PATTERN
+          (send #rspec?
+            {#ExampleGroups.all #Examples.all} ...
+            {
+              <(sym ${:pending :skip}) ...>
+              (hash <(pair (sym ${:pending :skip}) true) ...>)
+            }
+          )
         PATTERN
 
         # @!method skipped_by_example_group_method?(node)
-        def_node_matcher(
-          :skipped_by_example_group_method?,
-          block_pattern(<<~PATTERN)
-            #ExampleGroups.skipped
-          PATTERN
-        )
-
-        # @!method skipped_by_metadata_without_reason?(node)
-        def_node_matcher :skipped_by_metadata_without_reason?, <<~PATTERN
-          (send #rspec? {#ExampleGroups.all #Examples.all} ... {<(sym :skip) ...> (hash <(pair (sym :skip) true) ...>)})
+        def_node_matcher :skipped_by_example_group_method?, <<~PATTERN
+          (send #rspec? ${#ExampleGroups.skipped} ...)
         PATTERN
 
-        # @!method without_reason?(node)
-        def_node_matcher :without_reason?, <<~PATTERN
-          (send nil? ${:pending :skip})
+        # @!method pending_step_without_reason?(node)
+        def_node_matcher :pending_step_without_reason?, <<~PATTERN
+          (send nil? {:skip :pending})
         PATTERN
 
         def on_send(node)
-          if pending_without_reason?(node)
-            add_offense(node, message: 'Give the reason for pending.')
-          elsif skipped_without_reason?(node)
-            add_offense(node, message: 'Give the reason for skip.')
-          elsif without_reason?(node) && example?(node.parent)
-            add_offense(node,
-                        message: "Give the reason for #{node.method_name}.")
+          on_pending_by_metadata(node)
+          return unless (parent = parent_node(node))
+
+          if example_group?(parent) || block_node_example_group?(node)
+            on_skipped_by_example_method(node)
+            on_skipped_by_example_group_method(node)
+          elsif example?(parent)
+            on_skipped_by_in_example_method(node, parent)
           end
         end
 
         private
 
-        def pending_without_reason?(node)
-          pending_by_example_method?(node.block_node) ||
-            pending_by_metadata_without_reason?(node)
+        def parent_node(node)
+          node_or_block = node.block_node || node
+          return unless (parent = node_or_block.parent)
+
+          parent.begin_type? && parent.parent ? parent.parent : parent
+        end
+
+        def block_node_example_group?(node)
+          node.block_node &&
+            example_group?(node.block_node) &&
+            explicit_rspec?(node.receiver)
+        end
+
+        def on_skipped_by_in_example_method(node, _direct_parent)
+          skipped_in_example?(node) do |pending|
+            add_offense(node, message: "Give the reason for #{pending}.")
+          end
         end
 
-        def skipped_without_reason?(node)
-          skipped_by_example_group_method?(node.block_node) ||
-            skipped_by_example_method?(node.block_node) ||
-            skipped_by_metadata_without_reason?(node)
+        def on_pending_by_metadata(node)
+          metadata_without_reason?(node) do |pending|
+            add_offense(node, message: "Give the reason for #{pending}.")
+          end
+        end
+
+        def on_skipped_by_example_method(node)
+          skipped_by_example_method?(node) do |pending|
+            add_offense(node, message: "Give the reason for #{pending}.")
+          end
+        end
+
+        def on_skipped_by_example_group_method(node)
+          skipped_by_example_group_method?(node) do
+            add_offense(node, message: 'Give the reason for skip.')
+          end
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/rspec/language.rb b/lib/rubocop/rspec/language.rb
index 48bac6479..625751b48 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/rspec/language.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/rspec/language.rb
@@ -20,17 +20,29 @@ class << self
       end
 
       # @!method rspec?(node)
-      def_node_matcher :rspec?, '{(const {nil? cbase} :RSpec) nil?}'
+      def_node_matcher :rspec?, '{#explicit_rspec? nil?}'
+
+      # @!method explicit_rspec?(node)
+      def_node_matcher :explicit_rspec?, '(const {nil? cbase} :RSpec)'
 
       # @!method example_group?(node)
-      def_node_matcher :example_group?, block_pattern('#ExampleGroups.all')
+      def_node_matcher :example_group?, <<~PATTERN
+        {
+          #{block_pattern('{#ExampleGroups.all}')}
+          #{numblock_pattern('{#ExampleGroups.all}')}
+        }
+      PATTERN
 
       # @!method shared_group?(node)
       def_node_matcher :shared_group?, block_pattern('#SharedGroups.all')
 
       # @!method spec_group?(node)
-      def_node_matcher :spec_group?,
-                       block_pattern('{#SharedGroups.all #ExampleGroups.all}')
+      def_node_matcher :spec_group?, <<~PATTERN
+        {
+          #{block_pattern('{#SharedGroups.all #ExampleGroups.all}')}
+          #{numblock_pattern('{#SharedGroups.all #ExampleGroups.all}')}
+        }
+      PATTERN
 
       # @!method example_group_with_body?(node)
       def_node_matcher :example_group_with_body?, <<-PATTERN
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason_spec.rb
index ab10160aa..05a9797c1 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/rspec/pending_without_reason_spec.rb
@@ -1,185 +1,321 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-RSpec.describe RuboCop::Cop::RSpec::PendingWithoutReason do
-  context 'when pending by pending step with reason' do
+RSpec.describe RuboCop::Cop::RSpec::PendingWithoutReason, :ruby27 do
+  context 'when pending/skip has a reason inside an example' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
-      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          pending 'reason'
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~'RUBY')
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            pending 'reason'
+            pending "#{reason}"
+            pending `echo #{reason}`
+            skip 'reason'
+            skip "#{reason}"
+            skip `echo #{reason}`
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skipped by skip step with reason' do
+  context 'when pending/skip by metadata on example with reason' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          skip 'reason'
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something', pending: 'reason' do
+          end
+          it 'does something', skip: 'reason' do
+          end
+          it 'does something', pending: 'reason' do
+            _1
+          end
+          it 'does something', skip: 'reason' do
+            _1
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending by metadata on example with reason' do
+  context 'when pending/skip by metadata on example group with reason' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something', pending: 'reason' do
+        describe 'something', pending: 'reason' do
         end
-      RUBY
-    end
-  end
-
-  context 'when skipped by metadata on example with reason' do
-    it 'registers no offense' do
-      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something', skip: 'reason' do
+        describe 'something', skip: 'reason' do
         end
-      RUBY
-    end
-  end
-
-  context 'when pending by pending step without reason ' \
-          'and not inside example' do
-    it 'registers no offense' do
-      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        FactoryBot.define do
-          factory :task do
-            pending
-          end
+        describe 'something', pending: 'reason' do
+          _1
+        end
+        describe 'something', skip: 'reason' do
+          _1
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skipped by skip step without reason ' \
-          'and not inside example' do
+  context 'when pending/skip not inside an example' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
         FactoryBot.define do
           factory :task do
+            pending
             skip
+            pending { true }
+            skip { true }
           end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending with receiver' do
+  context 'when pending/skip with receiver' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          Foo.pending
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            Foo.pending
+            Foo.skip
+          end
+          it 'does something' do
+            _1.pending
+            _1.skip
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skip with receiver' do
+  context 'when pending/skip is an argument' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          Foo.skip
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            expect('foo').to eq(pending)
+            expect('foo').to eq(skip)
+            foo(bar, pending, skip)
+            foo(bar, pending: pending, skip: skip)
+            is_expected.to match_array([foo, pending, skip, bar])
+            list = [skip, pending]
+            foo(list)
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending is argument of methods' do
-    it 'registers no offense' do
-      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          expect('foo').to eq pending
-          foo(bar, pending)
-          foo(bar, pending: pending)
-          is_expected.to match_array [foo, pending, bar]
+  context 'when pending/skip by example method with block' do
+    it 'registers offense' do
+      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          pending 'does something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          end
+          skip 'does something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
+          skip 'does something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+            _1
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skip is argument of methods' do
+  context 'when pending inside an example with a block' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
+      # `ArgumentError` is raised when block is given to `pending` inside
+      # an example.
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          expect('foo').to eq skip
-          foo(bar, skip)
-          foo(bar, skip: skip)
-          is_expected.to match_array [foo, skip, bar]
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            pending 'does something' do
+              do_something
+            end
+            pending 'does something' do
+              _1.do_something
+            end
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending/skip is argument of methods' do
+  context 'when skip inside an example with a block' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
+      # RSpec ignores the block
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          list = [skip, pending]
-          foo(list)
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            skip 'does something' do
+              do_something
+            end
+            skip 'does something' do
+              _1.do_something
+            end
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending by example method' do
+  context 'when pending/skip by metadata on example without reason' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        pending 'does something' do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something', :pending do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          end
+          it 'does something', :skip do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
+          it 'does something', pending: true do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          end
+          it 'does something', skip: true do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
+          it 'does something', :pending do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+            _1
+          end
+          it 'does something', :skip do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+            _1
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending by metadata on example without reason' do
+  context 'when pending/skip by metadata on example group without reason' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something', :pending do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+        describe 'something', :pending do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+        end
+        describe 'something', :skip do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+        end
+        describe 'something', pending: true do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+        end
+        describe 'something', skip: true do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
         end
-      RUBY
-    end
-  end
-
-  context 'when pending by metadata on example group without reason' do
-    it 'registers offense' do
-      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
         describe 'something', :pending do
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          _1
+        end
+        describe 'something', :skip do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          _1
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending by hash metadata on example group without reason' do
+  context 'when pending/skip without reason' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        describe 'something', pending: true do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          pending
+          ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          skip
+          ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+        end
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          context 'when something' do
+            pending
+            ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          end
+          context 'when something' do
+            skip
+            ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
+        end
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            pending
+            ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          end
+          it 'does something' do
+            skip
+            ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when pending by pending step without reason' do
+  context 'when pending/skip without reason with other statement' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          before { buzz! }
           pending
           ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+          skip
+          ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          context 'when something' do
+            let(:foo) { 'bar' }
+            pending
+            ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+            skip
+            ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+            it 'does something' do
+              do_something
+              pending
+              ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+              skip
+              ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+              do_something
+            end
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
+
+    context 'with a numblock' do
+      it 'registers offense' do
+        expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
+          RSpec.describe Foo do
+            pending
+            ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+            skip
+            ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+            _1
+            context 'when something' do
+              _1
+              pending
+              ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+              skip
+              ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+              it 'does something' do
+                _1
+                skip
+                ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+                pending
+                ^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+                _1
+              end
+            end
+          end
+        RUBY
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   context 'when pending/skip inside conditional' do
     it 'registers no offense' do
       expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          pending if RUBY_VERSION < '3.0'
-          if RUBY_VERSION < '3.0'
-            skip
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            pending if RUBY_VERSION < '3.0'
+            if RUBY_VERSION < '3.0'
+              skip
+            end
           end
         end
       RUBY
@@ -189,49 +325,68 @@
   context 'when skipped by example group method' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        xdescribe 'something' do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+        RSpec.describe 'Foo' do
+          xdescribe 'something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
+          xdescribe 'something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+            _1.do_something
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skipped by example method' do
+  context 'when skipped by top-level example group' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        skip 'does something' do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+        RSpec.xdescribe 'something' do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
         end
-      RUBY
-    end
-  end
-
-  context 'when skipped by metadata on example without reason' do
-    it 'registers offense' do
-      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something', skip: true do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+        RSpec.xdescribe 'something' do
+        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          _1.do_something
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skipped by metadata on example group without reason' do
+  context 'when skipped by example method' do
     it 'registers offense' do
       expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        describe 'something', skip: true do
-        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+        RSpec.describe 'Foo' do
+          skip 'does something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+          end
+          xit 'something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for xit.
+          end
+          xit 'something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for xit.
+            _1.do_something
+          end
+          pending 'does something' do
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Give the reason for pending.
+            _1
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end
   end
 
-  context 'when skipped by skip step without reason' do
-    it 'registers offense' do
-      expect_offense(<<~RUBY)
-        it 'does something' do
-          skip
-          ^^^^ Give the reason for skip.
+  context 'when skipped inside an example' do
+    it 'registers no offense' do
+      expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+        RSpec.describe Foo do
+          it 'does something' do
+            skip 'does something' do
+              do_something
+            end
+            skip 'does something' do
+              _1
+            end
+          end
         end
       RUBY
     end