diff-cam-engine.js

var DiffCamEngine = (function() {
	var stream;					// stream obtained from webcam
	var video;					// shows stream
	var captureCanvas;			// internal canvas for capturing full images from video
	var captureContext;			// context for capture canvas
	var diffCanvas;				// internal canvas for diffing downscaled captures
	var diffContext;			// context for diff canvas
	var motionCanvas;			// receives processed diff images
	var motionContext;			// context for motion canvas

	var initSuccessCallback;	// called when init succeeds
	var initErrorCallback;		// called when init fails
	var startCompleteCallback;	// called when start is complete
	var captureCallback;		// called when an image has been captured and diffed

	var captureInterval;		// interval for continuous captures
	var captureIntervalTime;	// time between captures, in ms
	var captureWidth;			// full captured image width
	var captureHeight;			// full captured image height
	var diffWidth;				// downscaled width for diff/motion
	var diffHeight;				// downscaled height for diff/motion
	var isReadyToDiff;			// has a previous capture been made to diff against?
	var pixelDiffThreshold;		// min for a pixel to be considered significant
	var scoreThreshold;			// min for an image to be considered significant
	var includeMotionBox;		// flag to calculate and draw motion bounding box
	var includeMotionPixels;	// flag to create object denoting pixels with motion

	function init(options) {
		// sanity check
		if (!options) {
			throw 'No options object provided';
		}

		// incoming options with defaults
		video = options.video || document.createElement('video');
		motionCanvas = options.motionCanvas || document.createElement('canvas');
		captureIntervalTime = options.captureIntervalTime || 100;
		captureWidth = options.captureWidth || 640;
		captureHeight = options.captureHeight || 480;
		diffWidth = options.diffWidth || 64;
		diffHeight = options.diffHeight || 48;
		pixelDiffThreshold = options.pixelDiffThreshold || 32;
		scoreThreshold = options.scoreThreshold || 16;
		includeMotionBox = options.includeMotionBox || false;
		includeMotionPixels = options.includeMotionPixels || false;

		// callbacks
		initSuccessCallback = options.initSuccessCallback || function() {};
		initErrorCallback = options.initErrorCallback || function() {};
		startCompleteCallback = options.startCompleteCallback || function() {};
		captureCallback = options.captureCallback || function() {};

		// non-configurable
		captureCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
		diffCanvas = document.createElement('canvas');
		isReadyToDiff = false;

		// prep video
		video.autoplay = true;

		// prep capture canvas
		captureCanvas.width = captureWidth;
		captureCanvas.height = captureHeight;
		captureContext = captureCanvas.getContext('2d');

		// prep diff canvas
		diffCanvas.width = diffWidth;
		diffCanvas.height = diffHeight;
		diffContext = diffCanvas.getContext('2d');

		// prep motion canvas
		motionCanvas.width = diffWidth;
		motionCanvas.height = diffHeight;
		motionContext = motionCanvas.getContext('2d');

		requestWebcam();
	}

	function requestWebcam() {
		var constraints = {
			audio: false,
			video: { width: captureWidth, height: captureHeight }
		};

		navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(constraints)
			.then(initSuccess)
			.catch(initError);
	}

	function initSuccess(requestedStream) {
		stream = requestedStream;
		initSuccessCallback();
	}

	function initError(error) {
		console.log(error);
		initErrorCallback();
	}

	function start() {
		if (!stream) {
			throw 'Cannot start after init fail';
		}

		// streaming takes a moment to start
		video.addEventListener('canplay', startComplete);
		video.srcObject = stream;
	}

	function startComplete() {
		video.removeEventListener('canplay', startComplete);
		captureInterval = setInterval(capture, captureIntervalTime);
		startCompleteCallback();
	}

	function stop() {
		clearInterval(captureInterval);
		video.src = '';
		motionContext.clearRect(0, 0, diffWidth, diffHeight);
		isReadyToDiff = false;
	}

	function capture() {
		// save a full-sized copy of capture
		captureContext.drawImage(video, 0, 0, captureWidth, captureHeight);
		var captureImageData = captureContext.getImageData(0, 0, captureWidth, captureHeight);

		// diff current capture over previous capture, leftover from last time
		diffContext.globalCompositeOperation = 'difference';
		diffContext.drawImage(video, 0, 0, diffWidth, diffHeight);
		var diffImageData = diffContext.getImageData(0, 0, diffWidth, diffHeight);

		if (isReadyToDiff) {
			var diff = processDiff(diffImageData);

			motionContext.putImageData(diffImageData, 0, 0);
			if (diff.motionBox) {
				motionContext.strokeStyle = '#fff';
				motionContext.strokeRect(
					diff.motionBox.x.min + 0.5,
					diff.motionBox.y.min + 0.5,
					diff.motionBox.x.max - diff.motionBox.x.min,
					diff.motionBox.y.max - diff.motionBox.y.min
				);
			}
			captureCallback({
				imageData: captureImageData,
				score: diff.score,
				hasMotion: diff.score >= scoreThreshold,
				motionBox: diff.motionBox,
				motionPixels: diff.motionPixels,
				getURL: function() {
					return getCaptureUrl(this.imageData);
				},
				getCanvas: function() {
					return getCaptureCanvas(this.imageData);
				},
				checkMotionPixel: function(x, y) {
					return checkMotionPixel(this.motionPixels, x, y)
				}
			});
		}

		// draw current capture normally over diff, ready for next time
		diffContext.globalCompositeOperation = 'source-over';
		diffContext.drawImage(video, 0, 0, diffWidth, diffHeight);
		isReadyToDiff = true;
	}

	function processDiff(diffImageData) {
		var rgba = diffImageData.data;

		// pixel adjustments are done by reference directly on diffImageData
		var score = 0;
		var motionPixels = includeMotionPixels ? [] : undefined;
		var motionBox = undefined;
		for (var i = 0; i < rgba.length; i += 4) {
			var pixelDiff = rgba[i] * 0.3 + rgba[i + 1] * 0.6 + rgba[i + 2] * 0.1;
			var normalized = Math.min(255, pixelDiff * (255 / pixelDiffThreshold));
			rgba[i] = 0;
			rgba[i + 1] = normalized;
			rgba[i + 2] = 0;

			if (pixelDiff >= pixelDiffThreshold) {
				score++;
				coords = calculateCoordinates(i / 4);

				if (includeMotionBox) {
					motionBox = calculateMotionBox(motionBox, coords.x, coords.y);
				}

				if (includeMotionPixels) {
					motionPixels = calculateMotionPixels(motionPixels, coords.x, coords.y, pixelDiff);
				}

			}
		}

		return {
			score: score,
			motionBox: score > scoreThreshold ? motionBox : undefined,
			motionPixels: motionPixels
		};
	}

	function calculateCoordinates(pixelIndex) {
		return {
			x: pixelIndex % diffWidth,
			y: Math.floor(pixelIndex / diffWidth)
		};
	}

	function calculateMotionBox(currentMotionBox, x, y) {
		// init motion box on demand
		var motionBox = currentMotionBox || {
			x: { min: coords.x, max: x },
			y: { min: coords.y, max: y }
		};

		motionBox.x.min = Math.min(motionBox.x.min, x);
		motionBox.x.max = Math.max(motionBox.x.max, x);
		motionBox.y.min = Math.min(motionBox.y.min, y);
		motionBox.y.max = Math.max(motionBox.y.max, y);

		return motionBox;
	}

	function calculateMotionPixels(motionPixels, x, y, pixelDiff) {
		motionPixels[x] = motionPixels[x] || [];
		motionPixels[x][y] = true;

		return motionPixels;
	}

	function getCaptureUrl(captureImageData) {
		// may as well borrow captureCanvas
		captureContext.putImageData(captureImageData, 0, 0);
		return captureCanvas.toDataURL();
	}

	function getCaptureCanvas(captureImageData) {
		// may as well borrow captureCanvas
		captureContext.putImageData(captureImageData, 0, 0);
		return captureCanvas;
	}

	function checkMotionPixel(motionPixels, x, y) {
		return motionPixels && motionPixels[x] && motionPixels[x][y];
	}

	function getPixelDiffThreshold() {
		return pixelDiffThreshold;
	}

	function setPixelDiffThreshold(val) {
		pixelDiffThreshold = val;
	}

	function getScoreThreshold() {
		return scoreThreshold;
	}

	function setScoreThreshold(val) {
		scoreThreshold = val;
	}

	return {
		// public getters/setters
		getPixelDiffThreshold: getPixelDiffThreshold,
		setPixelDiffThreshold: setPixelDiffThreshold,
		getScoreThreshold: getScoreThreshold,
		setScoreThreshold: setScoreThreshold,

		// public functions
		init: init,
		start: start,
		stop: stop
	};
})();