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emulateapj.cls
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%% This is emulateapj.cls, version January 23, 2015
%% For the latest version check http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~alexey/emulateapj
%%
%% NOTE: ApJ has moved its publishing to IOP and they have slightly changed
%% the formatting. To implement these changes, call emulateapj with the iop
%% option, as in
%% \documentclass[iop]{emulateapj}
%%
%% Other available options:
%%
%% [chicago] - (default) typeset as was done in the University of Chicago Press
%% [twocolumn] - (default) two-column mode
%% [onecolumn] - main text in one-column mode
%% [apj] - typeset as for main journal
%% [apjl] - (default) typeset as for ApJ Letters
%% [tighten] - some adjustments to approximate grid typesetting
%% [numberedappendix] - number appendix sections as A, B, etc
%% [appendixfloats] - use separate numbering for floats within appendix
%% [twocolappendix] - make appendix in two-col mode in a two-col paper
%% [revtex4] - force using revtex4
%% [astrosymb] - load Astrosymb font and define \astro commands from aastex
%%
%% NOTE 2: Starting from version 11/10/2009, emulateapj tries to load
%% revtex4-1 if present on the system. This may cause small changes in
%% typesetting for old documents. Also, revtex4-1 does not interact
%% well with the lscape package which is needed for typesetting of
%% long rotated tables. If you want full compatibility, please
%% download the last version based on revtex4,
%% http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~alexey/emulateapj/emulateapj-rtx4.cls
%% and bundle it with your TeX source code. Starting with the
%% 8/17/2012 version, you can also use the [revtex4] option.
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Copyright 2000-2015 Alexey Vikhlinin
%%
%% The first version of this package was written by Maxim Markevitch.
%% Pieces of AASTeX code are used for compatibility with aastex.cls.
%%
%% This program can be redistributed and/or modified under the terms of
%% the LaTeX Project Public License available from CTAN archives in
%% macros/latex/base/lppl.txt. This means you are free to use and
%% distribute this package; however, if you modify anything, please
%% change the file name and remove the author's email address.
%%
%% Alexey Vikhlinin <alexey@head.cfa.harvard.edu>
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%
%% `emulateapj' is a LaTeX2e class to emulate the Astrophysical Journal
%% (ApJ) page layout. The page length of the resulting document is very
%% close to that in ApJ when Times fonts are used instead of the LaTeX
%% default CM fonts.
%%
%% If a manuscript is prepared for ApJ submission using the standard
%% American Astronomical Society LaTeX macros and the `aastex' style
%% (see instructions for authors on the ApJ web site), the only thing
%% required from the user should be to replace \documentclass{aastex}
%% with \documentclass{emulateapj}, and perhaps resize figures as
%% desired and replace {deluxetable} with {deluxetable*}. Possible minor
%% problems are described below.
%%
%% emulateapj requires revtex4.cls. If you don't have it already, it can be
%% downloaded from http://publish.aps.org/revtex4/ (it's a small package).
%% Other extrnal packages used are latexsym, graphicx, amssymb, longtable,
%% epsf. They should already be present in the modern TeX distributions; if
%% not, download them from www.ctan.org.
%%
%%
%% For release notes and change log, see at bottom
%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\emulapj@ver{01/23/15}
\ProvidesClass{emulateapj}
\newif\if@revtex@four@one@
\@revtex@four@one@true
\DeclareOption{revtex4}{\@revtex@four@one@false}
\newif\if@two@col
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@two@coltrue}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@two@colfalse}
\newif\if@two@col@app
\DeclareOption{twocolappendix}{\@two@col@apptrue}
\DeclareOption{onecolappendix}{\@two@col@appfalse}
\newif\if@chicago
\DeclareOption{chicago}{\@chicagotrue}
\DeclareOption{iop}{\@chicagofalse}
\newlength{\bibbaselineskip}\setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{3.075mm}
\newif\if@apj@letter
\DeclareOption{apj}{
\setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{2.7mm}
\def\apjsecfont{\normalsize}
\def\secnum@size{\small}
\def\subsecnum@size{\normalsize}
\@apj@letterfalse
}
\DeclareOption{apjl}{
\setlength{\bibbaselineskip}{3.075mm}
\def\apjsecfont{\footnotesize}
\def\secnum@size{\small}
\def\subsecnum@size{\small}
\@apj@lettertrue
}
\DeclareOption{astrosymb}{
\def\astro#1{\leavevmode\hbox{\astro@font#1}}%
\def\load@astro@font{%
\font\astro@font=Astrosym at\f@size pt
}%
\AtBeginDocument{\load@astro@font}
}
\DeclareOption{tighten}{
% lineskiplimits to facilitate grid typesetting
\lineskiplimit=-2mm
}
\def\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{\relax}
\DeclareOption{numberedappendix}{
\def\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{#1.\ }
}
\newif\if@number@appendix@floats\@number@appendix@floatsfalse
\DeclareOption{appendixfloats}{
\@number@appendix@floatstrue
}
\def\center@table@notes{%
\def\@spew@tblnotes{%
\centerline{\begin{minipage}{\pt@width}\spew@tblnotes\end{minipage}}%
}%
}
\def\left@just@table@notes{%
\def\@spew@tblnotes{\spew@tblnotes}%
}
\left@just@table@notes
\ExecuteOptions{apjl,twocolumn,chicago,onecolappendix}
\ProcessOptions
\if@revtex@four@one@
\IfFileExists{revtex4-1.cls}{
\def\@revtex@cls{revtex4-1}
}{
\@revtex@four@one@false
\def\@revtex@cls{revtex4}
}
\else
\def\@revtex@cls{revtex4}
\fi
\let\@startsection@from@latex=\@startsection
\if@two@col
\LoadClass[twocolumn,nofootinbib,showkeys,twoside,floatfix,unsortedaddress,flushbottom,10pt,aps,pra]{\@revtex@cls}
\else
\LoadClass[nofootinbib,showkeys,twoside,floatfix,unsortedaddress,flushbottom,notitlepage,10pt,aps,pra]{\@revtex@cls}
\fi
\def\blankaffiliation{~}%
\if@chicago
\def\@eapj@cap@font{\scshape}
\def\@eapj@figname{Fig.}
\def\@eapj@tabname{TABLE}
\def\@eapj@ApJLetters{ApJ}
\else
\def\@eapj@cap@font{\bfseries}
\def\@eapj@figname{Figure}
\def\@eapj@tabname{Table}
\def\@eapj@ApJLetters{ApJL}
\fi
% Restore natbib package without sorting.
\def\NAT@sort{0}
\def\NAT@cmprs{0}
% only redefine sort@cites for natbib versions < 2009
\@ifundefined{NAT@sort@cites@}{\def\NAT@sort@cites#1{\edef\NAT@cite@list{#1}}}%
\RequirePackage{latexsym}%
\RequirePackage{graphicx}%
\RequirePackage{amssymb}%
\RequirePackage{longtable}%
\newcommand{\bibstyle@aas}{\bibpunct{(}{)}{;}{a}{}{,}}%
\@citestyle{aas}%
\let\@startsection=\@startsection@from@latex
\def\baselinestretch{1.0}
\AtBeginDocument{\def\arraystretch{1.0}}
\if@revtex@four@one@
\def\raggedcolumn@sw#1#2{#2} % implement flushbottom as it was in revtex4
\fi
\RequirePackage{epsf,graphicx}
%%%%%%%% The following code is taken from size10.clo; it fixes
%%%%%%%% aastex's definition of type sizes
\renewcommand\normalsize{%
\@setfontsize\normalsize\@xpt{10.56}
\abovedisplayskip 2.2mm \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 2.2mm \@plus2\p@ \@minus1\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\let\@listi\@listI}
\normalsize
\renewcommand\small{%
\@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{9.68}%
\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
\parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\renewcommand\footnotesize{%
\@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{8.36}%
\abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}%
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\renewcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
\renewcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
\renewcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}
\renewcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}}
\renewcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}
\renewcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
\renewcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}
\setlength\smallskipamount{3\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
\setlength\medskipamount{6\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\bigskipamount{12\p@ \@plus 4\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\headheight{12\p@}
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\parsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
\topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
\itemsep4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
\let\@listI\@listi
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
\labelwidth\leftmarginii
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
\parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
\labelwidth\leftmarginiii
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
\topsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
\parsep \z@
\partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@
\itemsep \topsep}
\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
\labelwidth\leftmarginiv
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
\labelwidth\leftmarginv
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
\labelwidth\leftmarginvi
\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
% ****************************************************
% * TWO AND SINGLE ONE COLUMN STYLES: AV *
% ****************************************************
%
%%%%% include atbeginend.sty by AV:
% Copy \begin and \end to \BeginEnvironment and \EndEnvironment
\let\BeginEnvironment=\begin
\let\EndEnvironment=\end
%% \ifundefined from TeXbook
\def\IfUnDef#1{\expandafter\ifx\csname#1\endcsname\relax}
% Null command needed to eat its argument
\def\NullCom#1{}
\def\begin#1{%
% if defined \BeforeBeg for this environment, execute it
\IfUnDef{BeforeBeg#1}\else\csname BeforeBeg#1\endcsname\fi%
\IfUnDef{AfterBeg#1}% This is done to skip the command for environments
% which can take arguments, like multicols; YOU MUST NOT
% USE \AfterBegin{...}{...} for such environments!
\let\SaveBegEnd=\BeginEnvironment%
\else
% Start this environment
\BeginEnvironment{#1}%
% and execute code after \begin{environment}
\csname AfterBeg#1\endcsname
\let\SaveBegEnd=\NullCom
\fi
\SaveBegEnd{#1}
}
\def\end#1{%
% execute code before \end{environment}
\IfUnDef{BeforeEnd#1}\else\csname BeforeEnd#1\endcsname\fi%
% close this environment
\EndEnvironment{#1}
% and execute code after \begin{environment}
\IfUnDef{AfterEnd#1}\else\csname AfterEnd#1\endcsname\fi%
}
\long\def\BeforeBegin#1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname BeforeBeg#1\endcsname {#2}}
\long\def\BeforeEnd #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname BeforeEnd#1\endcsname {#2}}
\long\def\AfterBegin #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname AfterBeg#1\endcsname {#2}}
\long\def\AfterEnd #1#2{\expandafter\gdef\csname AfterEnd#1\endcsname{#2}}
%%%% end of atbeginend.sty
% ****************************************
% * PAGE LAYOUT *
% ****************************************
% Page size, spacing parameters, etc.
\textwidth=7.1in
\columnsep=0.3125in
\parindent=0.125in
\voffset=-20mm
\hoffset=-7.5mm
\topmargin=0in
\headheight=.15in
\headsep=0.5in
\oddsidemargin=0in
\evensidemargin=0in
\parskip=0cm
%\tolerance=600 % 3x "normal" value; cuts down on overfull complaints
%% AV,MM, to have 64 lines per column, with textheight 25cm:
\textheight=64\baselineskip
\textheight=\baselinestretch\textheight
\ifdim\textheight>25.2cm\textheight=25.0cm\fi
\topskip\baselineskip
\maxdepth\baselineskip
\let\tighten=\relax
\let\tightenlines=\tighten
\let\singlespace=\relax
\let\doublespace=\relax
\def\eqsecnum{
\@newctr{equation}[section]
\def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}}
%% running heads:
\def\lefthead#1{\gdef\@versohead{#1}} \lefthead{\relax}
\def\righthead#1{\gdef\@rectohead{#1}} \righthead{\relax}
\let\shorttitle=\lefthead % New AASTEX commands
\let\shortauthors\righthead % New AASTEX commands
\if@chicago
%% MM Create "apjheads" page style:
\def\ps@apjheads{\let\@mkboth\markboth
\def\@evenfoot{}
\def\@evenhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{
\rm\thepage\hfil \rm\@rectohead \hfil}}}
\def\@oddfoot{}
\def\@oddhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{
\hfil\rm\@versohead\hfil \rm\thepage}}
\else
\def\ps@apjheads{\let\@mkboth\markboth
\def\@evenfoot{}
\def\@evenhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{
\rm\thepage\hfil \rm\textsc{\@rectohead} \hfil}}}
\def\@oddfoot{}
\def\@oddhead{\lower9mm\hbox to\textwidth{
\hfil\rm\textsc{\@versohead}\hfil \rm\thepage}}
\fi
\@twosidetrue
\ps@apjheads
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% TITLE PAGE %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\long\def\frontmatter@title@above{
\vspace*{-\headsep}\vspace*{\headheight}
\footnotesize
{\footnotesize\textsc{\@journalinfo}}\par
{\scriptsize Preprint typeset using \LaTeX\ style emulateapj v.\
\emulapj@ver}\par\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{0.625in}
}%
\def\frontmatter@title@produce{%
\begingroup
\frontmatter@title@above
\frontmatter@title@format
\@title
\@ifx{\@title@aux\@title@aux@cleared}{}{%
\expandafter\frontmatter@footnote\expandafter{\@title@aux}%
}%
\par
%% \class@warn{Unused short title ignored}%
\frontmatter@title@below
\endgroup
}%
\renewcommand\title[2][]{%
\def\@title{\uppercase{#2}}%
\def\@shorttitle{#1}%
\let\@AF@join\@title@join
}%
\def\frontmatter@title@format{\normalsize\centering}
\def\frontmatter@title@below{\vspace*{-2.63\baselineskip\vspace*{0.25in}}}%
\def\frontmatter@above@affilgroup{\vspace*{0.25in}}%
\def\frontmatter@authorformat{\small\scshape\centering}%
\def\frontmatter@affiliationfont{\normalfont\footnotesize}%
\def\frontmatter@finalspace{\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{0.375in}}
\def\@separator{\\}%
\def\frontmatter@footnote#1{%
\begingroup
\@booleanfalse\temp@sw
\def\@tempa{#1}%
\let\@tempb\@empty
\def\@TBN@opr{\y@match\@tempa}%
\@FMN@list
\temp@sw{%
\expandafter\frontmatter@footnotemark
\expandafter{\@tempb}%
}{%
\def\@thefnmark{\relax}
\frontmatter@footnotetext{#1}
}%
\endgroup
}%
\newcounter{front@matter@foot@note}\setcounter{front@matter@foot@note}{0}
\def\frontmatter@above@affiliation{\vspace*{0.5mm}}%
\renewcommand\affiliation[1]{%
\move@AU\move@AF%
\begingroup%
\@affiliation{\hspace*{2mm}#1}%
}%
\let\affil=\affiliation
\def\affil@mark#1{\textsuperscript{#1}}
\def\affile@mark@pad{0.2em}
\def\altaffilmark#1{\affil@mark{#1}}
% Fight poor revtex algorithm for altaffiliation:
\def\@alt@affil@kill@next@symbol#1{\relax}
\newtoks\alt@affil@toks \alt@affil@toks{\@alt@affil@kill@next@symbol}
\newtoks\alt@affil@toks@count \alt@affil@toks@count{}
\def\altaffiltext#1#2{%
\global\alt@affil@toks\expandafter{\the\alt@affil@toks\\\hspace*{3mm}\affil@mark{#1}\hspace*{\affile@mark@pad}#2}%
\global\alt@affil@toks@count\expandafter{\the\alt@affil@toks@count\stepcounter{front@matter@foot@note}}%
}
\let\@author@finish@revtex=\@author@finish
\def\@author@finish{%
\if!\the\alt@affil@toks@count!%
\relax
\else
\altaffiliation{\the\alt@affil@toks}\the\alt@affil@toks@count
\fi
\@author@finish@revtex
}
%\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\altaffiliation{\hspace*{3mm}\textsuperscript{#1}\hspace*{0.7mm}#2}\stepcounter{front@matter@foot@note}}
%% end altaffiliation
\let\old@foot@note@mark=\footnotemark
\let\old@foot@note@text=\footnotetext
\def\footnotemark[#1]{\altaffilmark{#1}}
\def\footnotetext[#1]#2{\altaffiltext{#1}{#2}}
% ABSTRACT
\if@chicago
\def\frontmatter@abstractfont{\normalsize\parindent=0.125in}%
\else
\def\frontmatter@abstractfont{\normalsize\parindent=0.0in}%
\fi
\def\frontmatter@abstractwidth{6in}
\def\frontmatter@preabstractspace{0.0\baselineskip}
\def\frontmatter@postabstractspace{0.0\baselineskip}
\def\abstractname{ABSTRACT}
\long\def\frontmatter@abstractheading{%
\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{1.5pt}
\centerline{\itshape\footnotesize\@submitted}
\vspace*{0.13189in}
\begingroup
\centering
\abstractname
\vskip 1mm
\par
\endgroup
\everypar{\rightskip=0.5in\leftskip=\rightskip}\par
}%
% Redefine the LaTeX \and command for this style.
\def\and{\author{\vspace*{-0.2in}and\vspace*{-0.558cm}}\noaffiliation}
\def\@listand{\@ifnum{\@tempcnta=\tw@}{\andname\space}{}}%
% ****************************************
% * KEYWORDS *
% ****************************************
\if@chicago
\def\@keys@name{\textit{Subject headings:}\/~\mbox{}}%
\else
\def\@keys@name{\textit{Keywords:}\/~\mbox{}}%
\fi
\newlength{\keys@width}
\def\frontmatter@keys@format{\vspace*{0.5mm}%
\settowidth{\keys@width}{\normalsize\@keys@name}%
\rightskip=0.5in\leftskip=\rightskip\parindent=0pt%
\hangindent=\keys@width\hangafter=1\normalsize}%
\def\@keywords@produce#1{%
\showKEYS@sw{%
\begingroup%
\frontmatter@keys@format%
\@keys@name#1\par
\endgroup
}{%
\@if@empty{#1}{}{%
\class@warn{If you want your keywords to appear in your output, use document class option showkeys}%
}%
}%
}%
\let\subjectheadings=\keywords
% ****************************************
% * FOOTNOTES *
% ****************************************
% Modify code from revtex:
\def\@xfootnotemark@ltx[#1]{%
\begingroup
% \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax
\unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}%
\endgroup
\H@@footnotemark
}%
% Modify code from LaTeX to fix footnotes:
\def\@xfootnotenext[#1]{%
\begingroup
% \csname c@\@mpfn\endcsname #1\relax
\unrestored@protected@xdef\@thefnmark{#1}%
\endgroup
\@footnotetext}
% Footnotes on the last page: user issues \lastpagefootnotes. It catches all
% footnotes and issues them before \begin{refernces} or
% \begin{\thebibliography} or \begin{appendix}, whichever comes first,
% at the end of right column.
\newcounter{lastfootnote}
\let\orig@footnote=\footnote
%
\def\spit@out@footnotes@{\addtocounter{footnote}{-\c@lastfootnote}\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\vspace*{\skip\footins}\bgroup\footnotesize\lastfootnote\par\egroup\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}
%
\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax
%
\long\def\lastpagefootnotes{%
\raggedbottom% Have to use flushbottom with revtex4-1 but it eats away
% last page footnotes
\setcounter{lastfootnote}{0}
\long\gdef\lastfootnote{\mbox{}}
\let\spit@out@footnotes\spit@out@footnotes@
\long\def\footnote##1{\refstepcounter{lastfootnote}\footnotemark\g@addto@macro\lastfootnote{\\[\footnotesep]\refstepcounter{footnote}\mbox{}\hspace*{3mm}\textsuperscript{\thefootnote}~##1}}
% We need to mess with footnotes in appendiz only if it is in a
% different mode (twocol vs onecol) than the main text
\def\mess@with@appendix@footnotes{
\BeforeBegin{appendix}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}
\BeforeEnd{appendix}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}
\AfterEnd{appendix}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}
}
\if@two@col
\if@two@col@app\else
\mess@with@appendix@footnotes
\fi
% \else % Something is broken for pathological case of 2col appendix in
% % a 1col paper, so comment this out
% \if@two@col@app
% \mess@with@appendix@footnotes
% \fi
\fi
\BeforeBegin{references}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}
\BeforeBegin{thebibliography}{\spit@out@footnotes\let\spit@out@footnotes\relax}
% in case \lastpagefootnotes were given inside \begin{appendix}\end{appendix},
\AfterEnd{references}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}
\AfterEnd{thebibliography}{\let\footnote=\orig@footnote}
}
\let\lastpagefootnote=\lastpagefootnotes
\if@revtex@four@one@\else
% this command is copied from the original revtex, but adds space above
% footnote (if any) above the references.
\@namedef{balance@2}{%
\expandafter\balance@two\csname col@1\endcsname\@outputbox
% Avoid a bug by preventing a restore when leaving this group
\global\setbox\csname col@1\endcsname\box\csname col@1\endcsname
\@ifvoid\footbox{}{%
\global\setbox\footbox\vbox{%
\setbox\z@\box\@tempboxa
\let\recover@footins\relax
\balance@two\footbox\@tempboxa
\vskip\skip\footins
\hb@xt@\textwidth{\box\footbox\hfil\box\@tempboxa}%
}%
}%
}%
\fi
\skip\footins 4.5mm plus 1mm minus 1mm
\footnotesep 0pt
\let\footnoterule\relax
\def\@makefntext#1{\mbox{}\hspace*{3mm}\@makefnmark~#1}
\def\notetoeditor#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint
\def\placetable#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint
\def\placefigure#1{}% % We do not need notes to editor in the preprint
% ****************************************
% * SECTIONS *
% ****************************************
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\newif\if@firstsection \@firstsectiontrue
\def\section{%
\if@firstsection\@firstsectionfalse
\maketitle\setcounter{footnote}{\thefront@matter@foot@note}%
\let\footnotetext=\old@foot@note@text
\let\footnotemark=\old@foot@note@mark
\fi
\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{9pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}{4pt}{\apjsecfont\center}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{9pt plus 1pt minus 1pt}{4pt}%
{\normalsize\itshape \center}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
{2ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\small\itshape \center}}
\def\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
{1.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{-0.5\parindent}{\small\it}}
\def\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\z@}%
{1ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{-0.5\parindent}{\small\it}}
\def\thesection{\@arabic{\c@section}}
\def\thesubsection{\thesection.\@arabic{\c@subsection}}
\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\@arabic{\c@subsubsection}}
\def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\@arabic{\c@paragraph}}
\def\p@section {}
\def\p@subsection {}
\def\p@subsubsection {}
\def\p@paragraph {}
\def\p@subparagraph {}
\def\sec@upcase#1{\uppercase{#1}}
\def\subsec@upcase#1{\relax{#1}}
%
% How the section number will appear in the section title - AV
\def\ApjSectionMarkInTitle#1{#1.\ }
\def\ApjSectionpenalty{0}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8%
{\@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa >\z@ \begingroup
#6\relax
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \def \@svsec {}\else
\refstepcounter{#1} \edef \@svsec {\ApjSectionMarkInTitle
{\csname the#1\endcsname}}\fi
\@hangfrom {\hskip #3\relax
\ifnum #2=1{\secnum@size {\rm\@svsec~}}%
\else {\subsecnum@size {\rm\@svsec~}}\fi }%
{\interlinepenalty \@M
\ifnum #2=1\sec@upcase{#8}%
\else \subsec@upcase{#8}\fi\par}\endgroup
\csname #1mark\endcsname {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}%
{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect \numberline
{\csname the#1\endcsname }\fi #7}%
\else
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \def \@svsec {}\else
\refstepcounter{#1} \edef \@svsec {\ApjSectionMarkInTitle
{\csname the#1\endcsname}}\fi
\def \@svsechd {#6\hskip #3%
\ifnum #2=1{\secnum@size{\rm\@svsec~}}\else{\subsecnum@size{\rm\@svsec~}}\fi%
\ifnum #2=1\sec@upcase{#8}\else\subsec@upcase{#8}\fi%
\ifnum #2=4\hskip 0.4ex{\rm ---}\fi%
\csname #1mark\endcsname {#7}\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}%
{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else \protect \numberline {\csname
the#1\endcsname }\fi #7}}\fi \@xsect {#5} \penalty \ApjSectionpenalty
%-refstepcounter is now within a group. So \@currentlabel, which is normally
%-set by \refstepcounter is hidden within a group. Need to set it manually.
\protected@edef\@currentlabel{\csname p@#1\endcsname\csname the#1\endcsname}
}
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M
\sec@upcase{#5}\par}\endgroup
\else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax \sec@upcase{#5}}\fi
\@xsect{#3}
% MM:
\penalty \ApjSectionpenalty}
\def\acknowledgments{\vskip 5.8mm plus 1mm minus 1mm}
\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments % second spelling
% ****************************************
% * APPENDIX *
% ****************************************
\newcounter{remember@figure@num}
\newcounter{remember@table@num}
\renewenvironment{appendix}[0]{
\vspace*{0pt plus 20pt minus 5pt} % otherwise revtex4-1 sometimes eats
% away the last line before appendix
\if@two@col
\if@two@col@app\else
\onecolumngrid
\fi
% \else% Something is broken for pathological case of 2col appendix in
% % a 1col paper, so comment this out
% \if@two@col@app
% \set@column@hsize{2}\twocolumngrid
% \fi
\fi
\vskip 10pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
\noindent\mbox{}\hfill{\apjsecfont APPENDIX}\hfill\mbox{}\par
\nopagebreak\medskip\@nobreaktrue\def\ApjSectionpenalty{\@M}
\@firstsectionfalse
\setcounter{section}{0}
\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\setcounter{remember@figure@num}{\c@figure}
\setcounter{remember@table@num}{\c@table}
% \def\fnum@figure{Figure \Alph{section}\thefigure:}
% \def\fnum@table{Table \Alph{section}\thetable:}
\def\thesection{\Alph{section}}
\def\theequation{\hbox{\Alph{section}\arabic{equation}}}
\if@number@appendix@floats
\setcounter{figure}{0}
\setcounter{table}{0}
\def\thefigure{\thesection\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\thetable{\thesection\@arabic\c@table}
\fi
%
% Do not use appendix numbers in the titles
\def\ApjSectionMarkInTitle{\AppendixApjSectionMarkInTitle}
\def\section{\setcounter{equation}{0}\if@number@appendix@floats\setcounter{figure}{0}\setcounter{table}{0}\fi\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}
{10pt}{5pt}{\centering\scshape\apjsecfont}}
%
%
}{%
\if@number@appendix@floats
\setcounter{figure}{\c@remember@figure@num}%
\setcounter{table}{\c@remember@table@num}%
\fi
}
% ****************************************
% * BIBLIOGRAPHY *
% ****************************************
\renewenvironment{references}[0]{
\onecolumngrid
\par
\vspace{10pt plus 3pt}
\noindent \makebox[\textwidth][c]{\small\scshape REFERENCES}
\par
\vspace*{4pt plus 3pt}
\set@column@hsize{2}\twocolumngrid
\parindent=0cm \parskip=0cm
\def\baselinestretch{1.0}
\footnotesize \baselineskip=\baselinestretch\bibbaselineskip plus 1pt
minus 1pt \interlinepenalty \@M
\hyphenpenalty=10000
\frenchspacing % AV - to get right spacing after ``et al.''
\def\refpar{\par\hangindent=1.2em\hangafter=1}}
{
\onecolumngrid
}
% redefine thebibliography
% redefine thebibliography
% remove numbers from the reference list
\def\@biblabel#1{\relax}
\newdimen\bibindent
\renewenvironment{thebibliography}[1]{
\if@chicago \onecolumngrid \else \twocolumngrid \fi
\par
\raggedright
\vspace{10pt plus 3pt}
\if@chicago
\noindent \makebox[\textwidth][c]{\footnotesize REFERENCES}
\else
\centerline{\normalsize REFERENCES}
\fi
\par
\if@chicago
\vspace*{4pt plus 3pt}
\set@column@hsize{2}
\twocolumngrid
\fi
\list{}%
{
\parindent=0pt \parskip=0pt \parsep=0pt % AV
\bibindent=0pt %
\def\baselinestretch{1.0}
\footnotesize \baselineskip=\bibbaselineskip \interlinepenalty \@M % AV
\frenchspacing % AV - to get right spacing after ``et al.''
\hyphenpenalty=10000
\itemindent=-1.0em %
\itemsep=0pt %
\listparindent=0pt %
\settowidth\labelwidth{0pt} %
\labelsep=0pt %
\leftmargin=1.0em
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
%%% \usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\relax}}%
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.\@m}
{\def\@noitemerr
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
\endlist
\onecolumngrid % to balance references
\if@two@col \twocolumngrid \fi
}
% %% AV:
\def\reference{\@ifnextchar\bgroup {\@reference}
{\@latexerr{Missing key on reference command}
{Each reference command should have a key corresponding to a markcite somewhere in the text}}}
\def\@reference#1{\refpar}
%% subtitle header and journal info:
\def\submitted#1{\gdef\@submitted{#1}}
\def\journalinfo#1{\gdef\@journalinfo{#1}}
\def\subtitle{
\vspace*{-12mm}
\noindent
{\scriptsize {\sc \@journalinfo} \\
Preprint typeset using \LaTeX\ style emulateapj v.\ \emulapj@ver}
}
\let\slugcomment\submitted % slugcomment == submitted
\submitted{Draft version \today}
\journalinfo{\@submitted}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Equations %
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% EQNARRAY with reduced spacing around tab characters - AV
\def\eqnarray{%
\stepcounter{equation}%
\def\@currentlabel{\p@equation\theequation}%
\global\@eqnswtrue
\setlength{\arraycolsep}{0.25\arraycolsep}
\m@th
\global\@eqcnt\z@
\tabskip\@centering
\let\\\@eqncr
$$\everycr{}\halign to\displaywidth\bgroup
\hskip\@centering$\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{##}$\@eqnsel
&\global\@eqcnt\@ne\hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil
&\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep
$\displaystyle{##}$\hfil\tabskip\@centering
&\global\@eqcnt\thr@@ \hb@xt@\z@\bgroup\hss##\egroup
\tabskip\z@skip
\cr
}
% ****************************************
% * TABLES AND FIGURES *
% ****************************************
\def\@arstrut@hline@clnc{0.5\p@}% % Klootch: magic number
\setcounter{topnumber}{7}
\setlength{\belowcaptionskip}{0pt}
\setlength{\abovecaptionskip}{5pt}
\setlength{\textfloatsep}{-\baselinestretch\baselineskip}
\setlength{\dbltextfloatsep}{-\baselinestretch\baselineskip}
\if@apj@letter
\addtolength{\textfloatsep}{5mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}
\addtolength{\dbltextfloatsep}{5mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}
\else
\addtolength{\textfloatsep}{7mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}
\addtolength{\dbltextfloatsep}{7mm plus 10mm minus 10mm}
\fi
\renewcommand{\topfraction}{1.0}
\renewcommand{\bottomfraction}{1.0}
\renewcommand{\textfraction}{0.0}
\renewcommand{\dbltopfraction}{0.85}
\renewcommand{\dblfloatpagefraction}{0.85}
\setcounter{topnumber}{9}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{9}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{20}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{9}
% Copied from revtex4.cls; without it, captions are centered
\def\@xfloat@prep{%
\let\footnote\footnote@latex
\def\@mpfn{mpfootnote}%
\def\thempfn{\thempfootnote}%
\c@mpfootnote\z@
\let\@footnotetext\@mpfootnotetext
\let\H@@footnotetext\@mpfootnotetext
\let\@makefntext\@mpmakefntext
}%
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
\noindent\begin{minipage}{0.9999\linewidth} %% \noindent is needed because
%% otherwise minipage + parindent does not fit into the line and spurious
%% vertical skip appear after caption
\if\csname ftype@\@captype\endcsname 2
\vskip 2ex\noindent \centering\@table@type@size{\@eapj@cap@font #1}\par
\if@chicago\@eapj@cap@font\fi #2\par\medskip
\else
\vspace*{\abovecaptionskip}\noindent\footnotesize #1 #2\par\vskip \belowcaptionskip
\fi
\end{minipage}\par
}
%%%%%%%%%%%% FIX \cutinhead
\def\@ptabularcr{\\}
\newcommand\cutinhead[1]{%
\noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}%
\hline
\@ptabularcr
\noalign{\vskip -1.5ex}%
\multicolumn{\LT@cols}{c}{#1}%
\@ptabularcr
\noalign{\vskip .8ex}%
\hline
\@ptabularcr
\noalign{\vskip -2ex}%
}%
\newcommand\sidehead[1]{%
\noalign{\vskip 1.5ex}%
% \hline
% \@ptabularcr
% \noalign{\vskip -1.5ex}%
\multicolumn{\LT@cols}{l}{#1}%
\@ptabularcr
\noalign{\vskip .8ex}%
% \hline
% \@ptabularcr
% \noalign{\vskip -2ex}%
}%