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riscv_cheatsheet.md

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RISC-V Instruction Set Reference

This document contains a brief listing of instructions and pseudocode for the RISC-V “I” (Integer) and “M” (Multiply-Divide) extensions. The RISC-V Assembler Reference contains information on programming in assembly language for RISC-V. For detailed information on the instruction set refer to the RISC-V ISA Specification.

The following notation is used in the psuedocode:

Notation Description
pc program counter
rd integer register destination
rsN integer register source N
imm immediate operand value
offset immediate program counter relative offset
ux(reg) unsigned XLEN-bit integer (32-bit on RV32, 64-bit on RV64)
sx(reg) signed XLEN-bit integer (32-bit on RV32, 64-bit on RV64)
uN(reg) zero extended N-bit integer register value
sN(reg) sign extended N-bit integer register value
uN[reg + imm] unsigned N-bit memory reference
sN[reg + imm] signed N-bit memory reference

The following tables list the RISC-V RV32IM and RV64IM instructions.

RV32I Base Integer Instruction Set

Format Name Pseudocode
LUI rd,imm Load Upper Immediate rd ← imm
AUIPC rd,offset Add Upper Immediate to PC rd ← pc + offset
JAL rd,offset Jump and Link rd ← pc + length(inst) pc ← pc + offset
JALR rd,rs1,offset Jump and Link Register rd ← pc + length(inst) pc ← (rs1 + offset) ∧ -2
BEQ rs1,rs2,offset Branch Equal if rs1 = rs2 then pc ← pc + offset
BNE rs1,rs2,offset Branch Not Equal if rs1 ≠ rs2 then pc ← pc + offset
BLT rs1,rs2,offset Branch Less Than if rs1 < rs2 then pc ← pc + offset
BGE rs1,rs2,offset Branch Greater than Equal if rs1 ≥ rs2 then pc ← pc + offset
BLTU rs1,rs2,offset Branch Less Than Unsigned if rs1 < rs2 then pc ← pc + offset
BGEU rs1,rs2,offset Branch Greater than Equal Unsigned if rs1 ≥ rs2 then pc ← pc + offset
LB rd,offset(rs1) Load Byte rd ← s8[rs1 + offset]
LH rd,offset(rs1) Load Half rd ← s16[rs1 + offset]
LW rd,offset(rs1) Load Word rd ← s32[rs1 + offset]
LBU rd,offset(rs1) Load Byte Unsigned rd ← u8[rs1 + offset]
LHU rd,offset(rs1) Load Half Unsigned rd ← u16[rs1 + offset]
SB rs2,offset(rs1) Store Byte u8[rs1 + offset] ← rs2
SH rs2,offset(rs1) Store Half u16[rs1 + offset] ← rs2
SW rs2,offset(rs1) Store Word u32[rs1 + offset] ← rs2
ADDI rd,rs1,imm Add Immediate rd ← rs1 + sx(imm)
SLTI rd,rs1,imm Set Less Than Immediate rd ← sx(rs1) < sx(imm)
SLTIU rd,rs1,imm Set Less Than Immediate Unsigned rd ← ux(rs1) < ux(imm)
XORI rd,rs1,imm Xor Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) ⊕ ux(imm)
ORI rd,rs1,imm Or Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) ∨ ux(imm)
ANDI rd,rs1,imm And Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) ∧ ux(imm)
SLLI rd,rs1,imm Shift Left Logical Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) « ux(imm)
SRLI rd,rs1,imm Shift Right Logical Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) » ux(imm)
SRAI rd,rs1,imm Shift Right Arithmetic Immediate rd ← sx(rs1) » ux(imm)
ADD rd,rs1,rs2 Add rd ← sx(rs1) + sx(rs2)
SUB rd,rs1,rs2 Subtract rd ← sx(rs1) - sx(rs2)
SLL rd,rs1,rs2 Shift Left Logical rd ← ux(rs1) « rs2
SLT rd,rs1,rs2 Set Less Than rd ← sx(rs1) < sx(rs2)
SLTU rd,rs1,rs2 Set Less Than Unsigned rd ← ux(rs1) < ux(rs2)
XOR rd,rs1,rs2 Xor rd ← ux(rs1) ⊕ ux(rs2)
SRL rd,rs1,rs2 Shift Right Logical rd ← ux(rs1) » rs2
SRA rd,rs1,rs2 Shift Right Arithmetic rd ← sx(rs1) » rs2
OR rd,rs1,rs2 Or rd ← ux(rs1) ∨ ux(rs2)
AND rd,rs1,rs2 And rd ← ux(rs1) ∧ ux(rs2)
FENCE pred,succ Fence
FENCE.I Fence Instruction

RV64I Base Integer Instruction Set (in addition to RV32I)

Format Name Pseudocode
LWU rd,offset(rs1) Load Word Unsigned rd ← u32[rs1 + offset]
LD rd,offset(rs1) Load Double rd ← u64[rs1 + offset]
SD rs2,offset(rs1) Store Double u64[rs1 + offset] ← rs2
SLLI rd,rs1,imm Shift Left Logical Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) « sx(imm)
SRLI rd,rs1,imm Shift Right Logical Immediate rd ← ux(rs1) » sx(imm)
SRAI rd,rs1,imm Shift Right Arithmetic Immediate rd ← sx(rs1) » sx(imm)
ADDIW rd,rs1,imm Add Immediate Word rd ← s32(rs1) + imm
SLLIW rd,rs1,imm Shift Left Logical Immediate Word rd ← s32(u32(rs1) « imm)
SRLIW rd,rs1,imm Shift Right Logical Immediate Word rd ← s32(u32(rs1) » imm)
SRAIW rd,rs1,imm Shift Right Arithmetic Immediate Word rd ← s32(rs1) » imm
ADDW rd,rs1,rs2 Add Word rd ← s32(rs1) + s32(rs2)
SUBW rd,rs1,rs2 Subtract Word rd ← s32(rs1) - s32(rs2)
SLLW rd,rs1,rs2 Shift Left Logical Word rd ← s32(u32(rs1) « rs2)
SRLW rd,rs1,rs2 Shift Right Logical Word rd ← s32(u32(rs1) » rs2)
SRAW rd,rs1,rs2 Shift Right Arithmetic Word rd ← s32(rs1) » rs2

RV32M Standard Extension for Integer Multiply and Divide

Format Name Pseudocode
MUL rd,rs1,rs2 Multiply rd ← ux(rs1) × ux(rs2)
MULH rd,rs1,rs2 Multiply High Signed Signed rd ← (sx(rs1) × sx(rs2)) » xlen
MULHSU rd,rs1,rs2 Multiply High Signed Unsigned rd ← (sx(rs1) × ux(rs2)) » xlen
MULHU rd,rs1,rs2 Multiply High Unsigned Unsigned rd ← (ux(rs1) × ux(rs2)) » xlen
DIV rd,rs1,rs2 Divide Signed rd ← sx(rs1) ÷ sx(rs2)
DIVU rd,rs1,rs2 Divide Unsigned rd ← ux(rs1) ÷ ux(rs2)
REM rd,rs1,rs2 Remainder Signed rd ← sx(rs1) mod sx(rs2)
REMU rd,rs1,rs2 Remainder Unsigned rd ← ux(rs1) mod ux(rs2)

RV64M Standard Extension for Integer Multiply and Divide (in addition to RV32M)

Format Name Pseudocode
MULW rd,rs1,rs2 Multiple Word rd ← u32(rs1) × u32(rs2)
DIVW rd,rs1,rs2 Divide Signed Word rd ← s32(rs1) ÷ s32(rs2)
DIVUW rd,rs1,rs2 Divide Unsigned Word rd ← u32(rs1) ÷ u32(rs2)
REMW rd,rs1,rs2 Remainder Signed Word rd ← s32(rs1) mod s32(rs2)
REMUW rd,rs1,rs2 Remainder Unsigned Word rd ← u32(rs1) mod u32(rs2)