diff --git a/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/lib.rs b/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/lib.rs
index 534b5e499cc..13424be944a 100644
--- a/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/lib.rs
@@ -905,19 +905,10 @@ impl Store {
     }
 
     // Filter out file digests that exist locally.
-    // TODO: Implement a local batch API: see https://github.com/pantsbuild/pants/issues/16400.
-    let local_file_exists = future::try_join_all(
-      file_digests
-        .iter()
-        .map(|file_digest| self.local.exists(EntryType::File, *file_digest))
-        .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-    )
-    .await?;
-    let missing_locally = local_file_exists
-      .into_iter()
-      .zip(file_digests.into_iter())
-      .filter_map(|(exists, digest)| if exists { None } else { Some(digest) })
-      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    let missing_locally = self
+      .local
+      .get_missing_digests(EntryType::File, file_digests)
+      .await?;
 
     // If there are any digests which don't exist locally, check remotely.
     if missing_locally.is_empty() {
diff --git a/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/local.rs b/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/local.rs
index 9fca35d9135..f4e57cc426e 100644
--- a/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/local.rs
+++ b/src/rust/engine/fs/store/src/local.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use super::{EntryType, ShrinkBehavior};
 
-use std::collections::BinaryHeap;
+use std::collections::{BinaryHeap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::io::{self, Read};
 use std::path::Path;
@@ -338,18 +338,41 @@ impl ByteStore {
       .await
   }
 
-  pub async fn exists(&self, entry_type: EntryType, digest: Digest) -> Result<bool, String> {
-    if digest == EMPTY_DIGEST {
-      // Avoid I/O for this case. This allows some client-provided operations (like merging
-      // snapshots) to work without needing to first store the empty snapshot.
-      return Ok(true);
-    }
+  ///
+  /// Given a collection of Digests (digests),
+  /// returns the set of digests from that collection not present in the
+  /// underlying LMDB store.
+  ///
+  pub async fn get_missing_digests(
+    &self,
+    entry_type: EntryType,
+    digests: HashSet<Digest>,
+  ) -> Result<HashSet<Digest>, String> {
+    let fingerprints_to_check = digests
+      .iter()
+      .filter_map(|digest| {
+        // Avoid I/O for this case. This allows some client-provided operations (like
+        // merging snapshots) to work without needing to first store the empty snapshot.
+        if *digest == EMPTY_DIGEST {
+          None
+        } else {
+          Some(digest.hash)
+        }
+      })
+      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     let dbs = match entry_type {
       EntryType::Directory => self.inner.directory_dbs.clone(),
       EntryType::File => self.inner.file_dbs.clone(),
     }?;
-    dbs.exists(digest.hash).await
+
+    let existing = dbs.exists_batch(fingerprints_to_check).await?;
+
+    let missing = digests
+      .into_iter()
+      .filter(|digest| *digest != EMPTY_DIGEST && !existing.contains(&digest.hash))
+      .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
+    Ok(missing)
   }
 
   ///
diff --git a/src/rust/engine/sharded_lmdb/src/lib.rs b/src/rust/engine/sharded_lmdb/src/lib.rs
index 2a925c33fc7..2157f821287 100644
--- a/src/rust/engine/sharded_lmdb/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rust/engine/sharded_lmdb/src/lib.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 // Arc<Mutex> can be more clear than needing to grok Orderings:
 #![allow(clippy::mutex_atomic)]
 
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::io::{self, Read};
@@ -327,25 +327,71 @@ impl ShardedLmdb {
       .await
   }
 
+  ///
+  /// Singular form of `Self::exists_batch`. When checking the existence of more than one item,
+  /// prefer `Self::exists_batch`.
+  ///
   pub async fn exists(&self, fingerprint: Fingerprint) -> Result<bool, String> {
+    let missing = self.exists_batch(vec![fingerprint]).await?;
+    Ok(missing.contains(&fingerprint))
+  }
+
+  ///
+  /// Determine which of the given Fingerprints are already present in the store,
+  /// returning them as a set.
+  ///
+  pub async fn exists_batch(
+    &self,
+    fingerprints: Vec<Fingerprint>,
+  ) -> Result<HashSet<Fingerprint>, String> {
     let store = self.clone();
-    let effective_key = VersionedFingerprint::new(fingerprint, ShardedLmdb::SCHEMA_VERSION);
     self
       .executor
       .spawn_blocking(move || {
-        let fingerprint = effective_key.get_fingerprint();
-        let (env, db, _) = store.get(&fingerprint);
-        let txn = env
-          .begin_ro_txn()
-          .map_err(|err| format!("Failed to begin read transaction: {:?}", err))?;
-        match txn.get(db, &effective_key) {
-          Ok(_) => Ok(true),
-          Err(lmdb::Error::NotFound) => Ok(false),
-          Err(err) => Err(format!(
-            "Error reading from store when checking existence of {}: {}",
-            fingerprint, err
-          )),
+        // Group the items by the Environment that they will be applied to.
+        let mut items_by_env = HashMap::new();
+        let mut exists = HashSet::new();
+
+        for fingerprint in &fingerprints {
+          let effective_key = VersionedFingerprint::new(*fingerprint, ShardedLmdb::SCHEMA_VERSION);
+          let (env_id, _, env, db, _) = store.get_raw(&fingerprint.0);
+
+          let (_, _, batch) = items_by_env
+            .entry(*env_id)
+            .or_insert_with(|| (env.clone(), *db, vec![]));
+          batch.push(effective_key);
+        }
+
+        // Open and commit a Transaction per Environment. Since we never have more than one
+        // Transaction open at a time, we don't have to worry about ordering.
+        for (_, (env, db, batch)) in items_by_env {
+          env
+            .begin_ro_txn()
+            .and_then(|txn| {
+              for effective_key in &batch {
+                let get_res = txn.get(db, &effective_key);
+                match get_res {
+                  Ok(_) => {
+                    exists.insert(effective_key.get_fingerprint());
+                  }
+                  Err(lmdb::Error::NotFound) => (),
+                  Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                };
+              }
+              txn.commit()
+            })
+            .map_err(|e| {
+              format!(
+                "Error checking existence of fingerprints {:?}: {}",
+                batch
+                  .iter()
+                  .map(|key| key.get_fingerprint())
+                  .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                e
+              )
+            })?;
         }
+        Ok(exists)
       })
       .await
   }