diff --git a/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_instrument.rb b/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_instrument.rb
index 124b434f06..ca7a15c6f0 100644
--- a/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_instrument.rb
+++ b/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_instrument.rb
@@ -8,21 +8,23 @@ module OpenTelemetry
   module Internal
     # @api private
     class ProxyInstrument
-      def initialize(kind, name, unit, desc, callable)
+      def initialize(kind, name, unit, desc, callable, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
         @kind = kind
         @name = name
         @unit = unit
         @desc = desc
         @callable = callable
+        @exemplar_filter    = exemplar_filter
+        @exemplar_reservoir = exemplar_reservoir
         @delegate = nil
       end
 
       def upgrade_with(meter)
         @delegate = case @kind
-                    when :counter, :histogram, :up_down_counter, :gauge
-                      meter.send("create_#{@kind}", @name, unit: @unit, description: @desc)
+                    when :counter, :histogram, :up_down_counter
+                      meter.send("create_#{@kind}", @name, unit: @unit, description: @desc, exemplar_filter: @exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: @exemplar_reservoir)
                     when :observable_counter, :observable_gauge, :observable_up_down_counter
-                      meter.send("create_#{@kind}", @name, unit: @unit, description: @desc, callback: @callback)
+                      meter.send("create_#{@kind}", @name, unit: @unit, description: @desc, exemplar_filter: @exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: @exemplar_reservoir, callback: @callback)
                     end
       end
 
diff --git a/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_meter.rb b/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_meter.rb
index 9f44b4bb67..98572a8ae2 100644
--- a/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_meter.rb
+++ b/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/internal/proxy_meter.rb
@@ -38,18 +38,18 @@ def delegate=(meter)
 
       private
 
-      def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback)
+      def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
         super do
-          next ProxyInstrument.new(kind, name, unit, description, callback) if @delegate.nil?
+          next ProxyInstrument.new(kind, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) if @delegate.nil?
 
           case kind
-          when :counter then @delegate.create_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description)
-          when :histogram then @delegate.create_histogram(name, unit: unit, description: description)
-          when :gauge then @delegate.create_gauge(name, unit: unit, description: description)
-          when :up_down_counter then @delegate.create_up_down_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description)
-          when :observable_counter then @delegate.create_observable_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description, callback: callback)
-          when :observable_gauge then @delegate.create_observable_gauge(name, unit: unit, description: description, callback: callback)
-          when :observable_up_down_counter then @delegate.create_observable_up_down_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description, callback: callback)
+          when :counter then @delegate.create_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+          when :histogram then @delegate.create_histogram(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+          when :up_down_counter then @delegate.create_up_down_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+          when :gauge then @delegate.create_gauge(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+          when :observable_counter then @delegate.create_observable_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir, callback: callback)
+          when :observable_gauge then @delegate.create_observable_gauge(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir, callback: callback)
+          when :observable_up_down_counter then @delegate.create_observable_up_down_counter(name, unit: unit, description: description, exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir, callback: callback)
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/metrics/meter.rb b/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/metrics/meter.rb
index 7b7b524cdf..32a55de3d5 100644
--- a/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/metrics/meter.rb
+++ b/metrics_api/lib/opentelemetry/metrics/meter.rb
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ def initialize
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of counter, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_counter(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:counter, name, unit, description, nil) { COUNTER }
+      def create_counter(name, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:counter, name, unit, description, nil, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { COUNTER }
       end
 
       # Histogram is a synchronous Instrument which can be used to report arbitrary values that are likely
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ def create_counter(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of histogram, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_histogram(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:histogram, name, unit, description, nil) { HISTOGRAM }
+      def create_histogram(name, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:histogram, name, unit, description, nil, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { HISTOGRAM }
       end
 
       # Gauge is an synchronous Instrument which reports non-additive value(s)
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ def create_histogram(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of gauge, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_gauge(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:gauge, name, unit, description, nil) { GAUGE }
+      def create_gauge(name, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:gauge, name, unit, description, nil, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { GAUGE }
       end
 
       # UpDownCounter is a synchronous Instrument which supports increments and decrements.
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ def create_gauge(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of up_down_counter, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_up_down_counter(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:up_down_counter, name, unit, description, nil) { UP_DOWN_COUNTER }
+      def create_up_down_counter(name, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:up_down_counter, name, unit, description, nil, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { UP_DOWN_COUNTER }
       end
 
       # ObservableCounter is an asynchronous Instrument which reports monotonically
@@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ def create_up_down_counter(name, unit: nil, description: nil)
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of observable_counter, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_observable_counter(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:observable_counter, name, unit, description, callback) { OBSERVABLE_COUNTER }
+      def create_observable_counter(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:observable_counter, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { OBSERVABLE_COUNTER }
       end
 
       # ObservableGauge is an asynchronous Instrument which reports non-additive value(s)
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ def create_observable_counter(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil)
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of observable_gauge, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_observable_gauge(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:observable_gauge, name, unit, description, callback) { OBSERVABLE_GAUGE }
+      def create_observable_gauge(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:observable_gauge, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { OBSERVABLE_GAUGE }
       end
 
       # ObservableUpDownCounter is an asynchronous Instrument which reports additive value(s)
@@ -165,13 +165,13 @@ def create_observable_gauge(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil)
       # @param description [optional String] an optional free-form text provided by user.
       #
       # @return [nil] after creation of observable_up_down_counter, it will be stored in instrument_registry
-      def create_observable_up_down_counter(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil)
-        create_instrument(:observable_up_down_counter, name, unit, description, callback) { OBSERVABLE_UP_DOWN_COUNTER }
+      def create_observable_up_down_counter(name, callback:, unit: nil, description: nil, exemplar_filter: nil, exemplar_reservoir: nil)
+        create_instrument(:observable_up_down_counter, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir) { OBSERVABLE_UP_DOWN_COUNTER }
       end
 
       private
 
-      def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback)
+      def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
         @mutex.synchronize do
           OpenTelemetry.logger.warn("duplicate instrument registration occurred for instrument #{name}") if @instrument_registry.include? name
 
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics.rb
index 35593185f9..c89ad39250 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics.rb
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ module Metrics
   end
 end
 
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar'
 require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation'
 require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/configuration_patch'
 require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/export'
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/explicit_bucket_histogram.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/explicit_bucket_histogram.rb
index d379e0a9a4..d3c6441e97 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/explicit_bucket_histogram.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/explicit_bucket_histogram.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ class ExplicitBucketHistogram
           DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES = [0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 1000].freeze
           private_constant :DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES
 
+          # if no reservior pass from instrument, then use this empty reservior to avoid no method found error
+          DEFAULT_RESERVOIR = Metrics::Exemplar::FixedSizeExemplarReservoir.new
+          private_constant :DEFAULT_RESERVOIR
+
           attr_reader :aggregation_temporality
 
           # The default value for boundaries represents the following buckets:
@@ -23,8 +27,10 @@ class ExplicitBucketHistogram
           def initialize(
             aggregation_temporality: ENV.fetch('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TEMPORALITY_PREFERENCE', :delta), # TODO: the default should be :cumulative, see issue #1555
             boundaries: DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES,
-            record_min_max: true
+            record_min_max: true,
+            exemplar_reservoir: DEFAULT_RESERVOIR
           )
+            @exemplar_reservoir = exemplar_reservoir
             @aggregation_temporality = aggregation_temporality.to_sym
             @boundaries = boundaries && !boundaries.empty? ? boundaries.sort : nil
             @record_min_max = record_min_max
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ def update(amount, attributes, data_points)
                 0,                   # :sum
                 empty_bucket_counts, # :bucket_counts
                 @boundaries,         # :explicit_bounds
-                nil,                 # :exemplars
+                @exemplar_reservoir.collect(attributes: attributes, aggregation_temporality: @aggregation_temporality), # :exemplars
                 min,                 # :min
                 max                  # :max
               )
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/sum.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/sum.rb
index c2771b38e3..dcd7d5b89e 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/sum.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/aggregation/sum.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 #
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
-
 module OpenTelemetry
   module SDK
     module Metrics
@@ -11,10 +10,16 @@ module Aggregation
         # Contains the implementation of the Sum aggregation
         # https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#sum-aggregation
         class Sum
+          # if no reservior pass from instrument, then use this empty reservior to avoid no method found error
+          DEFAULT_RESERVOIR = Metrics::Exemplar::FixedSizeExemplarReservoir.new
+          private_constant :DEFAULT_RESERVOIR
+
           attr_reader :aggregation_temporality
 
-          def initialize(aggregation_temporality: ENV.fetch('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TEMPORALITY_PREFERENCE', :delta))
+          def initialize(aggregation_temporality: ENV.fetch('OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_METRICS_TEMPORALITY_PREFERENCE', :delta),
+                         exemplar_reservoir: DEFAULT_RESERVOIR)
             # TODO: the default should be :cumulative, see issue #1555
+            @exemplar_reservoir = exemplar_reservoir
             @aggregation_temporality = aggregation_temporality.to_sym
           end
 
@@ -39,12 +44,14 @@ def collect(start_time, end_time, data_points)
           end
 
           def update(increment, attributes, data_points)
+            # NumberDataPoint should include exemplars
             ndp = data_points[attributes] || data_points[attributes] = NumberDataPoint.new(
               attributes,
               nil,
               nil,
               0,
-              nil
+              # will this cause the reservoir overloaded with old exemplars?
+              @exemplar_reservoir.collect(attributes: attributes, aggregation_temporality: @aggregation_temporality) # exemplar
             )
 
             ndp.value += increment
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1abc8210c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      # The Exemplar module contains the OpenTelemetry metrics reference
+      # exemplar implementations.
+      module Exemplar
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_off_exemplar_filter'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_on_exemplar_filter'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/trace_based_exemplar_filter'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/noop_exemplar_reservoir'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir'
+require 'opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir'
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_off_exemplar_filter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_off_exemplar_filter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b5b8dcad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_off_exemplar_filter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # AlwaysOffExemplarFilter makes no measurements eligible for being an Exemplar.
+        # Using this ExemplarFilter is as good as disabling Exemplar feature.
+        class AlwaysOffExemplarFilter < ExemplarFilter
+          def self.should_sample?(value, timestamp, attributes, context)
+            false
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_on_exemplar_filter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_on_exemplar_filter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1b44a0fd44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/always_on_exemplar_filter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # AlwaysOnExemplarFilter
+        class AlwaysOnExemplarFilter < ExemplarFilter
+          def self.should_sample?(value, timestamp, attributes, context)
+            true
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8434654fa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # Exemplar
+        class Exemplar
+          attr_reader :value, :time_unix_nano, :attributes, :span_id, :trace_id
+
+          def initialize(value, time_unix_nano, attributes, span_id, trace_id)
+            @value = value
+            @time_unix_nano = time_unix_nano
+            @attributes = attributes
+            @span_id  = span_id
+            @trace_id = trace_id
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..800eb8a136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # ExemplarFilter
+        class ExemplarFilter
+          # Returns a {Boolean} value.
+          #
+          # @param [Integer] value Value of the measurement
+          # @param [Hash] attributes Complete set of Attributes of the measurement
+          # @param [Context] context Context of the measurement, which covers the Baggage and the current active Span.
+          #
+          # @return [Boolean]
+          def self.should_sample?(value, attributes, context); end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6fe2d6e62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # ExemplarReservoir
+        class ExemplarReservoir
+          def initialize
+            @exemplars = []
+          end
+
+          # Store the info into exemplars bucket
+          #
+          # @param [Integer] value Value of the measurement
+          # @param [Integer] timestamp Time of recording
+          # @param [Hash] attributes Complete set of Attributes of the measurement
+          # @param [Context] context SpanContext of the measurement, which covers the Baggage and the current active Span.
+          #
+          # @return [Nil]
+          def offer(value: nil, timestamp: nil, attributes: nil, context: nil)
+            span_context = current_span_context(context)
+            @exemplars << Exemplar.new(value, timestamp, attributes, span_context.hex_span_id, span_context.hex_trace_id)
+            nil
+          end
+
+          # return list of Exemplars based on given attributes
+          #
+          # @param [Hash] attributes Value of the measurement
+          # @param [Boolean] aggregation_temporality Should remove the original exemplars or not, default delta
+          #
+          # @return [Array] exemplars Array of exemplars
+          def collect(attributes: nil, aggregation_temporality: :delta)
+            exemplars = []
+            @exemplars.each { |exemplar| exemplars << exemplar if exemplar } # TODO: Addition operation on selecting exemplar
+            @exemplars.clear if aggregation_temporality == :delta
+            exemplars
+          end
+
+          def current_span_context(context)
+            ::OpenTelemetry::Trace.current_span(context).context
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..37fe86c392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/fixed_size_exemplar_reservoir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # FixedSizeExemplarReservoir
+        class FixedSizeExemplarReservoir < ExemplarReservoir
+          MAX_BUCKET_SIZE = 1
+
+          def initialize(max_size: nil)
+            super()
+            @max_size = max_size || MAX_BUCKET_SIZE
+          end
+
+          # MUST use an uniformly-weighted sampling algorithm based on the number of samples the reservoir
+          def offer(value: nil, timestamp: nil, attributes: nil, context: nil)
+            span_context = current_span_context(context)
+            if @exemplars.size >= @max_size
+              rand_index = rand(0..@max_size - 1)
+              @exemplars[rand_index] = Exemplar.new(value, timestamp, attributes, span_context.hex_span_id, span_context.hex_trace_id)
+              nil
+            else
+              super(value: value, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+            end
+          end
+
+          def collect(attributes: nil, aggregation_temporality: nil)
+            super(attributes: attributes, aggregation_temporality: aggregation_temporality)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c1b3328812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/histogram_exemplar_reservoir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # same as AlignedHistogramBucketExemplarReservoir
+        class HistogramExemplarReservoir < ExemplarReservoir
+          DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES = [0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 1000].freeze
+          private_constant :DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES
+
+          def initialize(boundaries: nil)
+            super()
+            @boundaries = boundaries || DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES
+          end
+
+          # TODO: align with the requirements of alignedhistogrambucketexemplarreservoir for offering
+          # https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/metrics/sdk.md#alignedhistogrambucketexemplarreservoir
+          # Assumption: each boundary should have one exemplar measurement
+          def offer(value: nil, timestamp: nil, attributes: nil, context: nil)
+            bucket = find_histogram_bucket(value)
+            return unless bucket < @boundaries.size
+
+            span_context = current_span_context(context)
+            @exemplars[bucket] = Exemplar.new(value, timestamp, attributes, span_context.hex_span_id, span_context.hex_trace_id)
+          end
+
+          # return Exemplar
+          def collect(attributes: nil, aggregation_temporality: nil)
+            super(attributes: attributes, aggregation_temporality: aggregation_temporality)
+          end
+
+          def find_histogram_bucket(value)
+            @boundaries.bsearch_index { |i| i >= value } || @boundaries.size
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/noop_exemplar_reservoir.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/noop_exemplar_reservoir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d33d5c67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/noop_exemplar_reservoir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # NoopExemplarReservoir
+        class NoopExemplarReservoir < ExemplarReservoir
+          def initialize; end
+
+          def offer(value: nil, timestamp: nil, attributes: nil, context: nil); end
+
+          def collect(attributes: nil, aggregation_temporality: :delta)
+            []
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/trace_based_exemplar_filter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/trace_based_exemplar_filter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a3e71199dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/trace_based_exemplar_filter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+module OpenTelemetry
+  module SDK
+    module Metrics
+      module Exemplar
+        # TraceBasedExemplarFilter
+        class TraceBasedExemplarFilter < ExemplarFilter
+          def self.should_sample?(value, timestamp, attributes, context)
+            ::OpenTelemetry::Trace.current_span(context).context.trace_flags.sampled?
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/counter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/counter.rb
index 6af04b1937..b0c9144ea8 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/counter.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/counter.rb
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ def add(increment, attributes: {})
             if increment.negative?
               OpenTelemetry.logger.warn("#{@name} received a negative value")
             else
+              exemplar_offer(increment, attributes)
               update(increment, attributes)
             end
             nil
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ def add(increment, attributes: {})
           private
 
           def default_aggregation
-            OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::Sum.new
+            OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::Sum.new(exemplar_reservoir: @exemplar_reservoir)
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/histogram.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/histogram.rb
index 5c8e00f157..88aef60b6f 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/histogram.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/histogram.rb
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def instrument_kind
           #   Array values must not contain nil elements and all elements must be of
           #   the same basic type (string, numeric, boolean).
           def record(amount, attributes: {})
+            exemplar_offer(amount, attributes)
             update(amount, attributes)
             nil
           rescue StandardError => e
@@ -35,7 +36,9 @@ def record(amount, attributes: {})
           private
 
           def default_aggregation
-            OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::ExplicitBucketHistogram.new
+            # TODO: at this point, histogram always take the default DEFAULT_BOUNDARIES. In future, the histogram should be able to
+            # define the custom boundaries so for exemplar_reservoir can also takes the bounaries as parameter
+            OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::ExplicitBucketHistogram.new(exemplar_reservoir: @exemplar_reservoir)
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/synchronous_instrument.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/synchronous_instrument.rb
index f5bf321f0a..89796f48e0 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/synchronous_instrument.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/synchronous_instrument.rb
@@ -11,13 +11,17 @@ module Instrument
         # {SynchronousInstrument} contains the common functionality shared across
         # the synchronous instruments SDK instruments.
         class SynchronousInstrument
-          def initialize(name, unit, description, instrumentation_scope, meter_provider)
+          NOOP_EXEMPLAR_RESERVOIR = Exemplar::NoopExemplarReservoir.new
+
+          def initialize(name, unit, description, instrumentation_scope, meter_provider, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
             @name = name
             @unit = unit
             @description = description
             @instrumentation_scope = instrumentation_scope
             @meter_provider = meter_provider
             @metric_streams = []
+            @exemplar_filter = exemplar_filter || meter_provider.exemplar_filter
+            @exemplar_reservoir = exemplar_reservoir || NOOP_EXEMPLAR_RESERVOIR
 
             meter_provider.register_synchronous_instrument(self)
           end
@@ -42,6 +46,16 @@ def register_with_new_metric_store(metric_store, aggregation: default_aggregatio
           def update(value, attributes)
             @metric_streams.each { |ms| ms.update(value, attributes) }
           end
+
+          # Adding the exemplar to reservoir
+          #
+          def exemplar_offer(value, attributes)
+            context = OpenTelemetry::Context.current
+            time = (Time.now.to_r * 1_000_000).to_i
+            return unless @exemplar_filter.should_sample?(value, time, attributes, context)
+
+            @exemplar_reservoir.offer(value: value, timestamp: time, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+          end
         end
       end
     end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/up_down_counter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/up_down_counter.rb
index bba734bb0c..b2c40e264c 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/up_down_counter.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/instrument/up_down_counter.rb
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ def instrument_kind
           #   Array values must not contain nil elements and all elements must be of
           #   the same basic type (string, numeric, boolean).
           def add(amount, attributes: {})
+            exemplar_offer(amount, attributes)
             update(amount, attributes)
             nil
           rescue StandardError => e
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ def add(amount, attributes: {})
           private
 
           def default_aggregation
-            OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::Sum.new
+            OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::Sum.new(exemplar_reservoir: @exemplar_reservoir)
           end
         end
       end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.rb
index dee8fea8d2..3b390a08fe 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def add_metric_reader(metric_reader)
           end
         end
 
-        def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback)
+        def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
           raise InstrumentNameError if name.nil?
           raise InstrumentNameError if name.empty?
           raise InstrumentNameError unless NAME_REGEX.match?(name)
@@ -44,12 +44,12 @@ def create_instrument(kind, name, unit, description, callback)
 
           super do
             case kind
-            when :counter then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::Counter.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
+            when :counter then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::Counter.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
             when :observable_counter then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::ObservableCounter.new(name, unit, description, callback, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
-            when :gauge then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::Gauge.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
-            when :histogram then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::Histogram.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
+            when :gauge then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::Gauge.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
+            when :histogram then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::Histogram.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
             when :observable_gauge then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::ObservableGauge.new(name, unit, description, callback, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
-            when :up_down_counter then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::UpDownCounter.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
+            when :up_down_counter then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::UpDownCounter.new(name, unit, description, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider, exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir)
             when :observable_up_down_counter then OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Instrument::ObservableUpDownCounter.new(name, unit, description, callback, @instrumentation_scope, @meter_provider)
             end
           end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.rb b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.rb
index 4538a88db4..cef0a6e376 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/lib/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider.rb
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ module SDK
     # implementation.
     module Metrics
       # {MeterProvider} is the SDK implementation of {OpenTelemetry::Metrics::MeterProvider}.
+      # rubocop:disable Metrics/ClassLength
       class MeterProvider < OpenTelemetry::Metrics::MeterProvider
         Key = Struct.new(:name, :version)
         private_constant(:Key)
 
-        attr_reader :resource, :metric_readers, :registered_views
+        attr_reader :resource, :metric_readers, :registered_views, :exemplar_filter
 
         def initialize(resource: OpenTelemetry::SDK::Resources::Resource.create)
           @mutex = Mutex.new
@@ -22,7 +23,9 @@ def initialize(resource: OpenTelemetry::SDK::Resources::Resource.create)
           @stopped = false
           @metric_readers = []
           @resource = resource
+          @exemplar_filter = Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
           @registered_views = []
+          exemplar_filter_setup
         end
 
         # Returns a {Meter} instance.
@@ -127,6 +130,37 @@ def register_synchronous_instrument(instrument)
           end
         end
 
+        # spec: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/configuration/sdk-environment-variables.md#exemplar
+        # this is one way to turn on the exemplar (exemplar should be turned off by default)
+        #
+        def exemplar_filter_setup
+          return unless ENV.key?('OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER')
+
+          case ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER']
+          when 'always_on'
+            @exemplar_filter = Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter
+          when 'trace_based'
+            @exemplar_filter = Exemplar::TraceBasedExemplarFilter
+          when 'always_off'
+            @exemplar_filter = Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+          else
+            OpenTelemetry.logger.warn("OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER #{ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER']} is not part of provided exemplar filter; Exemplar is off.")
+          end
+        end
+
+        # Adds a new exemplar_filter to replace exist exemplar_filter
+        # Default to TraceBasedExemplarFilter
+        #
+        # @param exemplar_filter the new ExemplarFilter to be added.
+        def exemplar_filter_on(exemplar_filter: Exemplar::TraceBasedExemplarFilter)
+          @exemplar_filter = exemplar_filter
+        end
+
+        # turn off exemplar_filter by setting the exemplar_fitler to AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+        def exemplar_filter_off
+          @exemplar_filter = Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+        end
+
         # A View provides SDK users with the flexibility to customize the metrics that are output by the SDK.
         #
         # Example:
@@ -153,6 +187,7 @@ def add_view(name, **options)
           nil
         end
       end
+      # rubocop:enable Metrics/ClassLength
     end
   end
 end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/configuration_patch_test.rb b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/configuration_patch_test.rb
index 88cd4bdaa0..dfd33b4edc 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/configuration_patch_test.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/configuration_patch_test.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     describe 'metric readers' do
       it 'defaults to a periodic reader with an otlp exporter' do
         skip 'OTLP exporter not compatible with JRuby' if RUBY_ENGINE == 'jruby'
-
+        ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER'] = nil
         configurator.configure
 
         assert_equal 1, OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.metric_readers.size
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter_test.rb b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9aa8a35adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_filter_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::ExemplarFilter do
+  let(:context) do
+    ::OpenTelemetry::Trace.context_with_span(
+      ::OpenTelemetry::Trace.non_recording_span(
+        ::OpenTelemetry::Trace::SpanContext.new(
+          trace_id: Array("w\xCBl\xCCR-1\x06\x11M\xD6\xEC\xBBp\x03j").pack('H*'),
+          span_id: Array("1\xE1u\x12\x8E\xFC@\x18").pack('H*'),
+          trace_flags: ::OpenTelemetry::Trace::TraceFlags::DEFAULT
+        )
+      )
+    )
+  end
+  let(:timestamp) { 123_456_789 }
+  let(:attributes) { { 'test': 'test' } }
+
+  it 'always true for always on exemplar filter' do
+    result = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter.should_sample?(1, timestamp, attributes, context)
+    _(result).must_equal true
+  end
+
+  it 'always false for always off exemplar filter' do
+    result = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter.should_sample?(1, timestamp, attributes, context)
+    _(result).must_equal false
+  end
+
+  it 'filter off when trace context flag is 0' do
+    result = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::TraceBasedExemplarFilter.should_sample?(1, timestamp, attributes, context)
+    _(result).must_equal false
+  end
+
+  it 'filter on when trace context flag is 1' do
+    context.instance_variable_get(:@entries).values[0].instance_variable_get(:@context).instance_variable_set(:@trace_flags, ::OpenTelemetry::Trace::TraceFlags::SAMPLED)
+    result = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::TraceBasedExemplarFilter.should_sample?(1, timestamp, attributes, context)
+    _(result).must_equal true
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_integration_test.rb b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_integration_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3f909a5c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_integration_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::SDK do
+  describe '#exempler_integration_test' do
+    before { reset_metrics_sdk }
+
+    it 'emits metrics with list of exempler' do
+      ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER'] = 'none'
+
+      OpenTelemetry::SDK.configure
+
+      metric_exporter = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Export::InMemoryMetricPullExporter.new
+      OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.add_metric_reader(metric_exporter)
+
+      OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_on(exemplar_filter: OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter)
+
+      exemplar_reservoir = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::ExemplarReservoir.new
+
+      meter = OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.meter('test')
+      counter = meter.create_counter('counter', unit: 'smidgen', description: 'a small amount of something', exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+
+      counter.add(1)
+      counter.add(2, attributes: { 'a' => 'b' })
+      counter.add(2, attributes: { 'a' => 'b' })
+      counter.add(3, attributes: { 'b' => 'c' })
+      counter.add(4, attributes: { 'd' => 'e' })
+
+      metric_exporter.pull
+      last_snapshot = metric_exporter.metric_snapshots
+
+      _(last_snapshot).wont_be_empty
+      _(last_snapshot[0].name).must_equal('counter')
+      _(last_snapshot[0].unit).must_equal('smidgen')
+      _(last_snapshot[0].description).must_equal('a small amount of something')
+
+      _(last_snapshot[0].instrumentation_scope.name).must_equal('test')
+
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].value).must_equal(1)
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].attributes).must_equal({})
+
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[1].value).must_equal(4)
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[1].attributes).must_equal('a' => 'b')
+
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars.size).must_equal 1
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].class).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::Exemplar
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].value).must_equal 1
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].span_id).must_equal '0000000000000000'
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].trace_id).must_equal '00000000000000000000000000000000'
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir_test.rb b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..345b44aa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/exemplar/exemplar_reservoir_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+#
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+describe OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::ExemplarReservoir do
+  describe 'basic exemplar reservoir operation test' do
+    let(:context) do
+      ::OpenTelemetry::Trace.context_with_span(
+        ::OpenTelemetry::Trace.non_recording_span(
+          ::OpenTelemetry::Trace::SpanContext.new(
+            trace_id: Array("w\xCBl\xCCR-1\x06\x11M\xD6\xEC\xBBp\x03j").pack('H*'),
+            span_id: Array("1\xE1u\x12\x8E\xFC@\x18").pack('H*'),
+            trace_flags: ::OpenTelemetry::Trace::TraceFlags::DEFAULT
+          )
+        )
+      )
+    end
+    let(:timestamp) { 123_456_789 }
+    let(:attributes) { { 'test': 'test' } }
+
+    it 'basic test for exemplar reservoir' do
+      exemplar = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::ExemplarReservoir.new
+      exemplar.offer(value: 1, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+      exemplars = exemplar.collect
+
+      _(exemplars.class).must_equal Array
+      _(exemplars[0].class).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::Exemplar
+      _(exemplars[0].value).must_equal 1
+      _(exemplars[0].time_unix_nano).must_equal 123_456_789
+      _(exemplars[0].attributes[:test]).must_equal 'test'
+      _(exemplars[0].span_id).must_equal '11e2ec08'
+      _(exemplars[0].trace_id).must_equal '0b5cbd16166cb933'
+    end
+
+    it 'basic test for fixed size exemplar reservoir' do
+      exemplar = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::FixedSizeExemplarReservoir.new(max_size: 2)
+      exemplar.offer(value: 1, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+      exemplars = exemplar.collect
+
+      _(exemplars.class).must_equal Array
+      _(exemplars[0].class).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::Exemplar
+      _(exemplars[0].value).must_equal 1
+      _(exemplars[0].time_unix_nano).must_equal 123_456_789
+      _(exemplars[0].attributes[:test]).must_equal 'test'
+      _(exemplars[0].span_id).must_equal '11e2ec08'
+      _(exemplars[0].trace_id).must_equal '0b5cbd16166cb933'
+    end
+
+    it 'basic test for fixed size exemplar reservoir when more offers' do
+      exemplar = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::FixedSizeExemplarReservoir.new(max_size: 2)
+      exemplar.offer(value: 1, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+      exemplar.offer(value: 2, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+      exemplar.offer(value: 3, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+
+      exemplars = exemplar.collect
+      _(exemplars.class).must_equal Array
+      _(exemplars[0].class).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::Exemplar
+      _(exemplars.size).must_equal 2
+    end
+
+    it 'basic test for histogram exemplar reservoir' do
+      exemplar = OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::HistogramExemplarReservoir.new
+      exemplar.offer(value: 20, timestamp: timestamp, attributes: attributes, context: context)
+      exemplars = exemplar.collect
+
+      _(exemplars.class).must_equal Array
+      _(exemplars[0].class).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::Exemplar
+      _(exemplars[0].value).must_equal 20
+      _(exemplars[0].time_unix_nano).must_equal 123_456_789
+      _(exemplars[0].attributes[:test]).must_equal 'test'
+      _(exemplars[0].span_id).must_equal '11e2ec08'
+      _(exemplars[0].trace_id).must_equal '0b5cbd16166cb933'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'complex exemplar reservoir integration test always on filter' do
+    let(:metric_exporter) { OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Export::InMemoryMetricPullExporter.new }
+    let(:exemplar_filter) { OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter }
+    let(:exemplar_reservoir) { OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::FixedSizeExemplarReservoir.new(max_size: 2) }
+
+    it 'integrate fixed size exemplar reservior with simple counter' do
+      reset_metrics_sdk
+      meter = create_meter
+      histogram = meter.create_histogram('histogram_always_on_exemplar', unit: 'smidgen', description: 'description',
+                                                                         exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+      histogram.record(1, attributes: { 'foo' => 'bar' })
+
+      metric_exporter.pull
+      last_snapshot = metric_exporter.metric_snapshots
+      _(last_snapshot[0].description).must_equal 'description'
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].value).must_equal 1
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].attributes['foo']).must_equal 'bar'
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].span_id).must_equal '0000000000000000'
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars[0].trace_id).must_equal '00000000000000000000000000000000'
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe 'complex exemplar reservoir integration test always off filter' do
+    let(:metric_exporter) { OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Export::InMemoryMetricPullExporter.new }
+    let(:exemplar_filter) { OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter }
+    let(:exemplar_reservoir) { OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::FixedSizeExemplarReservoir.new(max_size: 2) }
+
+    it 'integrate fixed size exemplar reservior with simple counter' do
+      reset_metrics_sdk
+      meter = create_meter
+      histogram = meter.create_histogram('histogram_always_off_exemplar', unit: 'smidgen', description: 'description',
+                                                                          exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter, exemplar_reservoir: exemplar_reservoir)
+      histogram.record(1, attributes: { 'foo' => 'bar' })
+
+      metric_exporter.pull
+      last_snapshot = metric_exporter.metric_snapshots
+      _(last_snapshot[0].description).must_equal 'description'
+      _(last_snapshot[0].data_points[0].exemplars.size).must_equal 0
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider_test.rb b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider_test.rb
index 72f04e08c9..f158bf4831 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider_test.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/test/opentelemetry/sdk/metrics/meter_provider_test.rb
@@ -138,6 +138,62 @@
     end
   end
 
+  describe 'exempler' do
+    describe '#exemplar_filter_setup' do
+      after do
+        ENV.delete('OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER')
+      end
+
+      it 'without OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER' do
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_setup
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+      end
+
+      it 'with OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER as always_on' do
+        ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER'] = 'always_on'
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_setup
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter
+      end
+
+      it 'with OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER as invalid option' do
+        ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER'] = 'better_on'
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_setup
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#exemplar_filter_off' do
+      it 'will turn it off' do
+        ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER'] = 'always_on'
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_setup
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter
+
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_off
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+        ENV.delete('OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER')
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe '#exemplar_filter_on' do
+      it 'will turn it on with default exempler filter' do
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_setup
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_on
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::TraceBasedExemplarFilter
+      end
+
+      it 'will turn it on with customized always on' do
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_setup
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOffExemplarFilter
+
+        OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_on(exemplar_filter: OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter)
+        _(OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter).must_equal OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Exemplar::AlwaysOnExemplarFilter
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # TODO: OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.add_view
   describe '#add_view' do
     it 'adds a view with aggregation' do
       OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.add_view('test', aggregation: ::OpenTelemetry::SDK::Metrics::Aggregation::Drop.new)
diff --git a/metrics_sdk/test/test_helper.rb b/metrics_sdk/test/test_helper.rb
index 11076bde18..4d4073c7b2 100644
--- a/metrics_sdk/test/test_helper.rb
+++ b/metrics_sdk/test/test_helper.rb
@@ -34,5 +34,14 @@ def with_test_logger
   OpenTelemetry.logger = original_logger
 end
 
+def create_meter
+  ENV['OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER'] = 'console'
+  ENV['OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER'] = 'none'
+  OpenTelemetry::SDK.configure
+  OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.add_metric_reader(metric_exporter)
+  OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.exemplar_filter_on(exemplar_filter: exemplar_filter)
+  OpenTelemetry.meter_provider.meter('SAMPLE_METER_NAME')
+end
+
 # Suppress warn-level logs about a missing OTLP exporter for traces
 ENV['OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER'] = 'none'