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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta property="og:title" content="Gulf States' Sports Shopping Spree">
<meta property="og:description"
content="Deep-pocketed sovereign wealth funds from Persian Gulf states are speeding up their quest for marquee sports investments.">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://mfhan.github.io/img/flurry2.png">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="flurry.svg">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@mariefny">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Gulf Countries' Sports Shopping Spree</title>
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<body>
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<!-- <div class="column is-one-quarter">
</div>
<div class="column is-half"> -->
<div class="container">
<br>
<!-- <div class="hero-body"> -->
<!-- <div class ='content is-medium'> -->
<h2 class="title" align="center" font-family="Arial">
Gulf States' Sports Shopping Spree <br>
Goes Into Overdrive
</h2>
<!-- </div> -->
<!-- <p class="title" font-family ="Arial">
Sports Sits Atop Gulf States' Shopping List
</p> -->
<div class='text-container' align="center">
<p>Marie-France Han • July 2023 •<a class="link" href="https://github.com/mfhan/sportsbuy"> Get the
data</a>
</p>
</div>
<h3 class="graph-subtitle" font-family="Arial">Deep-pocketed sovereign wealth funds from Persian Gulf states
are speeding up their quest for marquee sports investments</h3>
<br>
<p>Abu Dhabi, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have been familiar presences in European soccer since the purchase, in
2008, of Manchester City FC by the Abu Dhabi United Group. The acquisitions of Paris Saint-Germain by
Qatar
Sports Investments in 2011, and of Newcastle FC by Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund in 2021, have
coincided with a decade-long explosion of player salaries and transfer fees. </p>
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<p>But since June 2022, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have accelerated the pace of their pursuit of marquee sports
properties, driven by a desire to diversify their investment portfolio and boost their international
image.
</p>
<!-- <p>While the expansion is driven by these countries desire to diversify their investment portfolio and boost their international image, their success is not guaranteed. </p>
<p>But since June 2022, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have made a flurry of bids for marquee sports properties and show little sign of slowing down. </p>
<p>While the expansion is driven by these countries desire to diversify their investment portfolio and boost their international image, their success is not guaranteed. </p> -->
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<p class="g-pstyle0">Gulf Shopping Spree, 2008-2023</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">and are now aiming for the most valluable of them: Manchester United</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle2">purchase date</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle3">2010</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle3">2011</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle3">2021</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Club: Manchester City </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Acquirer: Abu Dhabi </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Cost: £200 million </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Club: Newcastle United </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Acquirer:</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Saudi Arabia </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">IN PROGRESS: </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Cost: £415 million</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Club: Manchester United </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Acquirer: Qatar </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle4">upon Tyne</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle6">upon Tyne</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle5">upon Tyne</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle4">Manchester</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle5">Manchester</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle6">Manchester</p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">2011 </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle1">Club: Paris Saint Germain </p>
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<p class="g-pstyle4">Paris</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-34" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:64.8863%;margin-top:-9.2px;left:26.301%;width:52px;">
<p class="g-pstyle5">Paris</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-35" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:64.8863%;margin-top:-9.2px;left:26.301%;width:52px;">
<p class="g-pstyle6">Paris</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-36" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:65.6198%;margin-top:-9.8px;left:54.9964%;width:121px;">
<p class="g-pstyle1">Acquirer: Qatar </p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-37" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:68.3354%;margin-top:-9.8px;left:55%;width:189px;">
<p class="g-pstyle1">Cost: reported €100 million</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-38" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:81.5942%;margin-top:-9.8px;left:35.3333%;width:57px;">
<p class="g-pstyle1">2010 </p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-39" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:84.3099%;margin-top:-9.8px;left:35.3333%;width:131px;">
<p class="g-pstyle1">Club: Malaga CF </p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-40" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:86.8658%;margin-top:-9.8px;left:35.3298%;width:121px;">
<p class="g-pstyle1">Acquirer: Qatar </p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-41" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:87.7298%;margin-top:-9.2px;left:12.7692%;width:65px;">
<p class="g-pstyle4">Málaga</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-42" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:87.7298%;margin-top:-9.2px;left:12.7692%;width:65px;">
<p class="g-pstyle6">Málaga</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-43" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:87.7298%;margin-top:-9.2px;left:12.7692%;width:65px;">
<p class="g-pstyle5">Málaga</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-44" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:89.5814%;margin-top:-9.8px;left:35.3333%;width:182px;">
<p class="g-pstyle1">Cost: reported $48 million</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-45" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:98.4834%;margin-top:-7.5px;left:0%;width:46px;">
<p class="g-pstyle7">Map:</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-46" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:98.4834%;margin-top:-7.5px;left:4.5315%;width:111px;">
<p class="g-pstyle7">Marie-France Han</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-47" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:98.4834%;margin-top:-7.5px;left:19.7604%;width:26px;">
<p class="g-pstyle7">•</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-48" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:98.4834%;margin-top:-7.5px;left:20.858%;width:84px;">
<p class="g-pstyle7">Created with</p>
</div>
<div id="g-ai0-49" class="g-exportSvg g-aiAbs g-aiPointText" style="top:98.4834%;margin-top:-7.5px;left:31.6056%;width:85px;">
<p class="g-pstyle7">Datawrapper</p>
</div>
</div>
</div> -->
<!-- End ai2html - 2023-07-21 16:08 -->
<!--
<p>Over the past year, Qatar and Saudi Arabia have intensified a push to acquire marquee sports properties with historical prestige and a wealthy fan base. </p> -->
<p></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- </div> -->
<div class='chart-holder'>
<!-- <p>Sovereign Wealth Funds </p> -->
<img class="align-center" min-width="350" min-height="250" width="500" height="450" max-width="800"
max-height="600" alt="Map of Europe showing soccer club acquisitions since 2008" src='./img/spree2023.svg'>
</div>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<br>
<div class="container">
<br>
<p>2008 marked the beginning of Gulf presence in the upper echelons of European soccer. Save for Malaga CF in
Spain, the acquisitions have been successful, with the value of Paris Saint Germain soaring from €100
million to almost €3 billion. </p>
<!-- <iframe title="Gulf Shopping Spree, 2008-2023" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-BLdqi" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/BLdqi/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="670" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}();</script> -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<p>Top soccer players with global fan bases have seen their salaries skyrocket. Of the world's 10 best-paid
soccer players for the 2022-2023 season, six are employed by Gulf-owned clubs.
</p>
<img class="align-center" width="300" max-width="450" max-height="400"
alt="Table of top 10 soccer player salaries" src='./img/salaries.svg'>
<!-- <div class='caption'>source: Sporting News</div> -->
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="subtitle">War and (Maybe) Peace on the Fairway</h2>
<p>In June 2022, LIV Golf, financed by Saudi Arabia's sovereign wealth fund, kicked off its inaugural season
with a roster of high-profile players recruited away from the PGA Tour. </p>
<h4 class='subtitle' font-weight="600">LIV Golf's Global Footprint </h4>
<iframe title="" aria-label="Map" id="datawrapper-chart-WKCYj" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/WKCYj/1/"
scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="294"
data-external="1"></iframe>
<script type="text/javascript">!function () { "use strict"; window.addEventListener("message", (function (a) { if (void 0 !== a.data["datawrapper-height"]) { var e = document.querySelectorAll("iframe"); for (var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"]) for (var r = 0; r < e.length; r++)if (e[r].contentWindow === a.source) { var i = a.data["datawrapper-height"][t] + "px"; e[r].style.height = i } } })) }();
</script>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<div class='chart-holder'>
<p>After an escalating war of words, player suspensions and legal skirmishes, the two tours in June 2023
suddenly announced a "long-term strategic partnership"
<a href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/framework-agreement/e6d16d2b509ae1fa/full.pdf"
target="_blank">"global golf partnership"</a> that would place the PGA Tour's lucrative TV rights under
ownership of a new entity.
</p>
<p>The merger, which still has many hurdles to cross, including antitrust regulations, would give Saudi
Arabia a much larger sports footprint, especially in the US.</p>
<!-- <h4 class='subtitle' font-weight = "600">PGA Tour</h4> -->
<div style="min-height:293px">
<iframe title="PGA Deal Would Boost Saudi Sports Footprint in the US" aria-label="Map"
id="datawrapper-chart-GLSwe" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/GLSwe/2/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"
style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="707" data-external="1"></iframe>
<script
type="text/javascript">!function () { "use strict"; window.addEventListener("message", (function (a) { if (void 0 !== a.data["datawrapper-height"]) { var e = document.querySelectorAll("iframe"); for (var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"]) for (var r = 0; r < e.length; r++)if (e[r].contentWindow === a.source) { var i = a.data["datawrapper-height"][t] + "px"; e[r].style.height = i } } })) }();</script>
<!-- <script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/o0Vpi/embed.js?v=3" charset="utf-8"></script><noscript><img src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/o0Vpi/full.png" alt="World map bearing 54 markers to indicate PGA golf tournaments" /></noscript> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br> <br>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="subtitle">Formula 1: Spurned, But Not Discouraged</h2>
<p>Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund
<a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-20/saudi-arabia-wealth-fund-explored-bid-to-buy-f1-motor-racing"
target="_blank">reportedly</a> considered acquiring the Formula 1 motorsports franchise last year -- but
owner Liberty Media Corp wasn't interested in selling. The fund remains interested in the sport, which <a
href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/maurybrown/2023/03/29/inside-the-numbers-that-show-formula-1s-popularity-and-financial-growth/#:~:text=2022%20Saw%20Incredible%20Profits&text=For%20the%202022%20calendar%20year,billion%20for%20calendar%20year%202021"
target="_blank">posted</a> record attendance, revenue and profit for 2022.
</p>
<!-- <div style="min-height:313px"><script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gpEP6/embed.js?v=2" charset="utf-8"></script><noscript><img src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/gpEP6/full.png" alt="World map with circles representing Formula1 races" /></noscript>
</div>
<br><br> -->
<h4 class='subtitle' font-weight="600">A Global Web of Race Courses</h4>
<div style="min-height:313px">
<script type="text/javascript" defer src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9tJVu/embed.js?v=1"
charset="utf-8"></script><noscript><img src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9tJVu/full.png"
alt="World map with circles representing Formula1 races" /></noscript>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="subtitle">Colossal Wealth</h2>
<p>These eye-popping bids and acquisitions are made possible by the Gulf states' huge sovereign wealth funds,
with assets approaching $1 trillion. Funded over the years by fossil fuel income, these state-owned
organizations aim to manage diversified investment portfolios that will minimize the region's reliance on
global energy demand. Purchasing sports franchises almost exclusively based in the Global North is part of
the strategy. </p>
<p>Alongside their sheer size, these funds are notable for their proximity to unelected ruling families and
their lack of transparency. Qatar (110th), the United Arab Emirates (133rd) and Saudi Arabia (150th) occupy
some of the lowest rungs of The Economist's <a href="https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2022/"
target="_blank">Democracy Index</a>, with regimes labeled as "authoritarian". </p>
<div class='chart-holder'>
<!-- <p>Sovereign Wealth Funds </p> -->
<!-- <img class="align-center" min-width="350" min-height="200" width="600" height="350" max-width="900"
max-height="600" alt="Bar chart showing number of years on the throne, by year" src='./img/funds.svg'> -->
<iframe title="" aria-label="Column Chart" id="datawrapper-chart-ajhcr"
src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/ajhcr/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"
style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="400" data-external="1"></iframe>
<script type="text/javascript">!function () { "use strict"; window.addEventListener("message", (function (a) { if (void 0 !== a.data["datawrapper-height"]) { var e = document.querySelectorAll("iframe"); for (var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"]) for (var r = 0; r < e.length; r++)if (e[r].contentWindow === a.source) { var i = a.data["datawrapper-height"][t] + "px"; e[r].style.height = i } } })) }();
</script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- </div></div> -->
<br>
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<h2 class="subtitle">Bread, Circus... and Human Rights</h2>
<p>These ambitious plans remain subject to lengthy regulatory scrutiny and political opposition. </p>
<p>Does investing in high-end, Western-based sports represent a good bet for a country eager to improve its
image?
While the practice of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportswashing"
target="_blank">sportswashing</a> is in no way limited to Gulf nations, the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar
brought the phenomenon to the forefront.</p>
<p>And recent opinion polls suggest a rather mediocre return on investment. </p>
<p>In a <a
href="https://yougov.co.uk/topics/sport/articles-reports/2023/01/16/britons-views-qatar-remain-very-negative-following"
target="_blank">YouGov poll</a> conducted in January, British soccer fans expressed a slight improvement
in their unfavorable opinion of the country, to 72% from 78% before the start of the tournament. But in the
general population, the percentage of Britons with a negative view of the country actually rose to 72%, from
67%. 60% of Britons still view the hosting of the World Cup by Qatar as "unacceptable". </p>
<p>In the US, a recent <a href="https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/it7lilb4fb/econtoplines.pdf"
target="_blank">YouGov poll</a> shows that, while 29% of US respondent have a "somewhat unfavorable" or
"very unfavorable" opinion of the PGA Tour, that figure rose to 39% for LIV Golf. Moreover, 56% of US
respondents "strongly" or "somewhat" approved of the US Department of Justice's antitrust investigation into
the merger of the two entities. </p>
<p></p>
<p><a class="link" href="https://github.com/mfhan/sportsbuy"> Get the data</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<!--
<div class="columns is-multiline content">
<div class="container">
<div class="methodology">
<h3 class="subtitle">Methodology</h2>
<p><span style="font-weight: bold">Project Type: </span> Data journalism project for the <a href="https://ledeprogram.com/" target="_blank"> Lede Program at Columbia University</a>, summer 2023</p>
<p> <span style="font-weight: bold">Date: </span>July 2023</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: bold">Sources:</span>
<p>-- Poll site data found via web search on the Civic Engagement Commission site on <a href="https://www.nyc.gov/site/civicengagement/voting/about-poll-site-language-assistance.page">nyc.gov</a>. </p>
<p>-- CEC's methodology explained <a href="https://www.nyc.gov/assets/civicengagement/downloads/pdf/nyccec-poll-site-language-assistance-program-methodology.pdf">here.</a> </p>
<p>-- Data on limited English proficient citizens of voting age (CVALEP) provided by <a href="https://data.cityofnewyork.us/City-Government/Population-and-Languages-of-the-Limited-English-Pr/ajin-gkbp">the Census bureau's American Community Survey (ACS).</a> </p>
<p>-- Code and data available on <a href="https://github.com/mfhan/pollsites" target="_blank">Github</a>.</i></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
</div>
</div>
</div> -->
</div>
</div>
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</section>
</body>