docker: failed to register layer: open /var/lib/docker/aufs/layers/

[unclehowell]

My local machine (AMD64) runs from a Ubuntu Persistent Live-USB, if that's any consolation.
(Docker doesn't even run hello-word, so it maybe a Docker Ubuntu Persistent Live-USB issue, not an issue with databox). Hello-world gives me this error:

➜ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d58e752213a51785838f9eed2b7a498ffa1cb3aa7f946dda11af39286c3db9a9
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest
docker: Error response from daemon: error creating aufs mount to /var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/4cb83b72809a0c59a96466cf1b586e90184918b9a21b710acecb0f72c5922365-init: mount target=/var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/4cb83b72809a0c59a96466cf1b586e90184918b9a21b710acecb0f72c5922365-init data=br:/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/4cb83b72809a0c59a96466cf1b586e90184918b9a21b710acecb0f72c5922365-init=rw:/var/lib/docker/aufs/diff/11387e44d2336b51a2451d93b89459ac960d60471168ca4ff2e5e8a45171a403=ro+wh,dio,xino=/dev/shm/aufs.xino: invalid argument.
See 'docker run --help'.