diff --git a/kvdb/backend.go b/kvdb/backend.go
index c8d1e53bb8..7f372d415e 100644
--- a/kvdb/backend.go
+++ b/kvdb/backend.go
@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	_ "github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/walletdb/bdb" // Import to register backend.
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -244,7 +246,7 @@ func updateLastCompactionDate(dbFile string) error {
 // on the TestBackend constant which is conditionally compiled with build tag.
 // The passed path is used to hold all db files, while the name is only used
 // for bbolt.
-func GetTestBackend(path, name string) (Backend, func(), error) {
+func GetTestBackend(t testing.TB, path, name string) (Backend, func()) {
 	empty := func() {}
 
 	// Note that for tests, we expect only one db backend build flag
@@ -255,25 +257,22 @@ func GetTestBackend(path, name string) (Backend, func(), error) {
 		key := filepath.Join(path, name)
 		keyHash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(key))
 
-		f, err := NewPostgresFixture("test_" + hex.EncodeToString(
+		f := NewPostgresFixture(t, "test_"+hex.EncodeToString(
 			keyHash[:]),
 		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, func() {}, err
-		}
+
 		return f.DB(), func() {
 			_ = f.DB().Close()
-		}, nil
+		}
 
 	case EtcdBackend:
 		etcdConfig, cancel, err := StartEtcdTestBackend(path, 0, 0, "")
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, empty, err
-		}
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to start etcd test backend")
 		backend, err := Open(
 			EtcdBackendName, context.TODO(), etcdConfig,
 		)
-		return backend, cancel, err
+
+		return backend, cancel
 
 	case SqliteBackend:
 		dbPath := filepath.Join(path, name)
@@ -281,13 +280,11 @@ func GetTestBackend(path, name string) (Backend, func(), error) {
 		sqliteDb, err := StartSqliteTestBackend(
 			path, name, "test_"+hex.EncodeToString(keyHash[:]),
 		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, empty, err
-		}
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to start sqlite test backend")
 
 		return sqliteDb, func() {
 			_ = sqliteDb.Close()
-		}, nil
+		}
 
 	default:
 		db, err := GetBoltBackend(&BoltBackendConfig{
@@ -296,11 +293,10 @@ func GetTestBackend(path, name string) (Backend, func(), error) {
 			NoFreelistSync: true,
 			DBTimeout:      DefaultDBTimeout,
 		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, err
-		}
-		return db, empty, nil
+		require.NoError(t, err, "unable to start bbolt test backend")
+		return db, empty
 	}
 
-	return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown backend")
+	require.Fail(t, "unknown backend")
+	return nil, func() {}
 }
diff --git a/kvdb/backend_js.go b/kvdb/backend_js.go
index f1774408dc..5c05e7b9b0 100644
--- a/kvdb/backend_js.go
+++ b/kvdb/backend_js.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package kvdb
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
 
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ func GetBoltBackend(cfg *BoltBackendConfig) (Backend, error) {
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("bolt backend not supported in WebAssembly")
 }
 
-func GetTestBackend(path, name string) (Backend, func(), error) {
-	return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("bolt backend not supported in WebAssembly")
+func GetTestBackend(t testing.TB, path, name string) (Backend, func()) {
+	t.Fatalf("bolt backend not supported in WebAssembly")
+	return nil, nil
 }
diff --git a/kvdb/go.mod b/kvdb/go.mod
index a4bbb513e4..e5d8688bcf 100644
--- a/kvdb/go.mod
+++ b/kvdb/go.mod
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/btcsuite/btclog v0.0.0-20170628155309-84c8d2346e9f
 	github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/walletdb v1.3.6-0.20210803004036-eebed51155ec
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
-	github.com/fergusstrange/embedded-postgres v1.25.0
 	github.com/google/btree v1.0.1
 	github.com/jackc/pgconn v1.14.0
 	github.com/jackc/pgerrcode v0.0.0-20220416144525-469b46aa5efa
 	github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.18.1
+	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.4
 	github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/healthcheck v1.0.0
+	github.com/ory/dockertest/v3 v3.10.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.2
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.7
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/api/v3 v3.5.7
@@ -21,20 +22,30 @@ require (
 )
 
 require (
+	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/cli v20.10.17+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.7+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-middleware v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway v1.16.0 // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/chunkreader/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgio v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -45,13 +56,18 @@ require (
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.11 // indirect
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
 	github.com/kr/pretty v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.4 // indirect
 	github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/ticker v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.16 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.16 // indirect
 	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20201216013528-df9cb8a40635 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
@@ -63,7 +79,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/soheilhy/cmux v0.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/tmc/grpc-websocket-proxy v0.0.0-20201229170055-e5319fda7802 // indirect
-	github.com/xi2/xz v0.0.0-20171230120015-48954b6210f8 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/xiang90/probing v0.0.0-20190116061207-43a291ad63a2 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/client/v2 v2.305.7 // indirect
 	go.etcd.io/etcd/pkg/v3 v3.5.7 // indirect
diff --git a/kvdb/go.sum b/kvdb/go.sum
index 96bf7970d1..5d61f2a658 100644
--- a/kvdb/go.sum
+++ b/kvdb/go.sum
@@ -3,10 +3,16 @@ cloud.google.com/go v0.34.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMT
 cloud.google.com/go v0.110.0 h1:Zc8gqp3+a9/Eyph2KDmcGaPtbKRIoqq4YTlL4NMD0Ys=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute v1.19.1 h1:am86mquDUgjGNWxiGn+5PGLbmgiWXlE/yNWpIpNvuXY=
 cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.2.3 h1:mg4jlk7mCAj6xXp9UJ4fjI9VUI5rubuGBW5aJ7UnBMY=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78 h1:w+iIsaOQNcT7OZ575w+acHgRric5iCyQh+xv+KJ4HB8=
+github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20170929234023-d6e3b3328b78/go.mod h1:LmzpDX56iTiv29bbRTIsUNlaFfuhWRQBWjQdVyAevI8=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.1.1 h1:hLg3sBzpNErnxhQtUy/mmLR2I9foDujNK030IGemrRc=
 github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:VPu/7SZ7ePZ3QOrcuXROw5FAcLl4a0cBrbBpGY/8hQs=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0 h1:slsWYD/zyx7lCXoZVlvQrj0hPTM1HI4+v1sIda2yDvg=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.0/go.mod h1:cTAf44im0RAYeL23bpB+fzCyDH2MJiz2BO69KH/soAE=
+github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5 h1:TngWCqHvy9oXAN6lEVMRuU21PR1EtLVZJmdB18Gu3Rw=
+github.com/Nvveen/Gotty v0.0.0-20120604004816-cd527374f1e5/go.mod h1:lmUJ/7eu/Q8D7ML55dXQrVaamCz2vxCfdQBasLZfHKk=
 github.com/OneOfOne/xxhash v1.2.2/go.mod h1:HSdplMjZKSmBqAxg5vPj2TmRDmfkzw+cTzAElWljhcU=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20160405071501-a0175ee3bccc/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
 github.com/alecthomas/template v0.0.0-20190718012654-fb15b899a751/go.mod h1:LOuyumcjzFXgccqObfd/Ljyb9UuFJ6TxHnclSeseNhc=
@@ -31,6 +37,8 @@ github.com/cespare/xxhash v1.1.0/go.mod h1:XrSqR1VqqWfGrhpAt58auRo0WTKS1nRRg3ghf
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
 github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/checkpoint-restore/go-criu/v5 v5.3.0/go.mod h1:E/eQpaFtUKGOOSEBZgmKAcn+zUUwWxqcaKZlF54wK8E=
+github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.7.0/go.mod h1:/oI2+1shJiTGAMgl6/RgJr36Eo1jzrRcAWbcXO2usCA=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20201120205902-5459f2c99403/go.mod h1:WmhPx2Nbnhtbo57+VJT5O0JRkEi1Wbu0z5j0R8u5Hbk=
@@ -42,17 +50,32 @@ github.com/cockroachdb/apd v1.1.0/go.mod h1:8Sl8LxpKi29FqWXR16WEFZRNSz3SoPzUzeMe
 github.com/cockroachdb/datadriven v0.0.0-20200714090401-bf6692d28da5 h1:xD/lrqdvwsc+O2bjSSi3YqY73Ke3LAiSCx49aCesA0E=
 github.com/cockroachdb/errors v1.2.4 h1:Lap807SXTH5tri2TivECb/4abUkMZC9zRoLarvcKDqs=
 github.com/cockroachdb/logtags v0.0.0-20190617123548-eb05cc24525f h1:o/kfcElHqOiXqcou5a3rIlMc7oJbMQkeLk0VQJ7zgqY=
+github.com/containerd/console v1.0.3/go.mod h1:7LqA/THxQ86k76b8c/EMSiaJ3h1eZkMkXar0TQ1gf3U=
+github.com/containerd/continuity v0.3.0 h1:nisirsYROK15TAMVukJOUyGJjz4BNQJBVsNvAXZJ/eg=
+github.com/containerd/continuity v0.3.0/go.mod h1:wJEAIwKOm/pBZuBd0JmeTvnLquTB1Ag8espWhkykbPM=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0 h1:wkHLiw0WNATZnSG7epLsujiMCgPAc9xhjJ4tgnAxmfM=
 github.com/coreos/go-semver v0.3.0/go.mod h1:nnelYz7RCh+5ahJtPPxZlU+153eP4D4r3EedlOD2RNk=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190719114852-fd7a80b32e1f/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.2 h1:D9/bQk5vlXQFZ6Kwuu6zaiXJ9oTPe68++AzAJc1DzSI=
 github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.3.2/go.mod h1:Y58oyj3AT4RCenI/lSvhwexgC+NSVTIJ3seZv2GcEnc=
+github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0-20190314233015-f79a8a8ca69d/go.mod h1:maD7wRr/U5Z6m/iR4s+kqSMx2CaBsrgA7czyZG/E6dU=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.7/go.mod h1:lj5s0c3V2DBrqTV7llrYr5NG6My20zk30Fl46Y7DoTY=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.9/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.11 h1:07n33Z8lZxZ2qwegKbObQohDhXDQxiMMz1NOUGYlesw=
+github.com/creack/pty v1.1.11/go.mod h1:oKZEueFk5CKHvIhNR5MUki03XCEU+Q6VDXinZuGJ33E=
+github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.3/go.mod h1:aPGpWjXOXUn2NCNjFvBE6aRxGGx79pTxQpKOJNYHHl4=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/docker/cli v20.10.17+incompatible h1:eO2KS7ZFeov5UJeaDmIs1NFEDRf32PaqRpvoEkKBy5M=
+github.com/docker/cli v20.10.17+incompatible/go.mod h1:JLrzqnKDaYBop7H2jaqPtU4hHvMKP+vjCwu2uszcLI8=
+github.com/docker/docker v20.10.7+incompatible h1:Z6O9Nhsjv+ayUEeI1IojKbYcsGdgYSNqxe1s2MYzUhQ=
+github.com/docker/docker v20.10.7+incompatible/go.mod h1:eEKB0N0r5NX/I1kEveEz05bcu8tLC/8azJZsviup8Sk=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 h1:El9xVISelRB7BuFusrZozjnkIM5YnzCViNKohAFqRJQ=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0/go.mod h1:Gbd7IOopHjR8Iph03tsViu4nIes5XhDvyHbTtUxmeec=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0 h1:3uh0PgVws3nIA0Q+MwDC8yjEPf9zjRfZZWXZYDct3Tw=
+github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0 h1:VSnTsYCnlFHaM2/igO1h6X3HA71jcobQuxemgkq4zYo=
 github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.0/go.mod h1:HtrtbFcZ19U5GC7JDqmcUSB87Iq5E25KnS6fMYU6eOk=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.0/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
@@ -64,8 +87,7 @@ github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.9-0.20210512163311-63b5d3c536b0/go.m
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.10-0.20210907150352-cf90f659a021/go.mod h1:AFq3mo9L8Lqqiid3OhADV3RfLJnjiw63cSpi+fDTRC0=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.10.1 h1:c0g45+xCJhdgFGw7a5QAfdS4byAbud7miNWJ1WwEVf8=
-github.com/fergusstrange/embedded-postgres v1.25.0 h1:sa+k2Ycrtz40eCRPOzI7Ry7TtkWXXJ+YRsxpKMDhxK0=
-github.com/fergusstrange/embedded-postgres v1.25.0/go.mod h1:t/MLs0h9ukYM6FSt99R7InCHs1nW0ordoVCcnzmpTYw=
+github.com/frankban/quicktest v1.11.3/go.mod h1:wRf/ReqHper53s+kmmSZizM8NamnL3IM0I9ntUbOk+k=
 github.com/getsentry/raven-go v0.2.0 h1:no+xWJRb5ZI7eE8TWgIq1jLulQiIoLG0IfYxv5JYMGs=
 github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeMEF04=
 github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
@@ -74,8 +96,10 @@ github.com/go-kit/log v0.1.0/go.mod h1:zbhenjAZHb184qTLMA9ZjW7ThYL0H2mk7Q6pNt4vb
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.3.0/go.mod h1:Qt1PoO58o5twSAckw1HlFXLmHsOX5/0LbT9GBnD5lWE=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
 github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0/go.mod h1:wCYkCAKZfumFQihp8CzCvQ3paCTfi41vtzG1KdI/P7A=
+github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.6.0 h1:BCTh4TKNUYmOmMUcQ3IipzF5prigylS7XXjEkfCHuOE=
 github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0/go.mod h1:v0f6uXyyMGvRgIKkXu+yp6POWl0qKG85gN/melR3HDY=
 github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.4/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
+github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.0.6/go.mod h1:xhWf0FNVPg57R7Z0UbKHbJfkEywrmjJnf7w5xrFpKfA=
 github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.0.0+incompatible h1:1SD/1F5pU8p29ybwgQSwpQk+mwdRrXCYuPhW6m+TnJw=
 github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.0.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:b2aQJv3Z4Fp6yNu3cdSllBxTCLRxnplIgP/c0N/04lM=
 github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:Ov1cvc58UF3b5XjBnZv7+opcTcQFZebYjWzi34vdm4Q=
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@@ -125,6 +151,8 @@ github.com/grpc-ecosystem/go-grpc-prometheus v1.2.0 h1:Ovs26xHkKqVztRpIrF/92Bcuy
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@@ -222,15 +250,31 @@ github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.16 h1:yOQRA0RpS5PFz/oikGwBEqvAWhWg5ufRz4ETLjwp
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@@ -266,19 +310,24 @@ github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.9.0/go.mod h1:WtVeX8xhTBvf0smdhujwtBcq4Qrzq/f
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@@ -296,10 +345,18 @@ github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO
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@@ -344,7 +401,6 @@ go.uber.org/atomic v1.5.0/go.mod h1:sABNBOSYdrvTF6hTgEIbc7YasKWGhgEQZyfxyTvoXHQ=
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@@ -397,6 +453,7 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200625001655-4c5254603344/go.mod h1:/O7V0waA8r7cgGh81R
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@@ -423,8 +480,10 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190222072716-a9d3bda3a223/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5h
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@@ -432,6 +491,7 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200223170610-d5e6a3e2c0ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
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 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200615200032-f1bc736245b1/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200625212154-ddb9806d33ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200831180312-196b9ba8737a/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200930185726-fdedc70b468f/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210124154548-22da62e12c0c/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
@@ -439,6 +499,9 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423185535-09eb48e85fd7/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210426080607-c94f62235c83/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210603081109-ebe580a85c40/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210615035016-665e8c7367d1/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210906170528-6f6e22806c34/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211025201205-69cdffdb9359/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20211116061358-0a5406a5449c/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220520151302-bc2c85ada10a/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220722155257-8c9f86f7a55f/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
@@ -468,6 +531,7 @@ golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190311212946-11955173bddd/go.mod h1:LCzVGOaR6xXOjkQ3
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190425163242-31fd60d6bfdc/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190524140312-2c0ae7006135/go.mod h1:RgjU9mgBXZiqYHBnxXauZ1Gv1EHHAz9KjViQ78xBX0Q=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190621195816-6e04913cbbac/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgwSSTFct+R/Kf4OFW1sUzUTQQTgfc=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190624222133-a101b041ded4/go.mod h1:/rFqwRUd4F7ZHNgwSSTFct+R/Kf4OFW1sUzUTQQTgfc=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20190823170909-c4a336ef6a2f/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191029041327-9cc4af7d6b2c/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
 golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20191029190741-b9c20aec41a5/go.mod h1:b+2E5dAYhXwXZwtnZ6UAqBI28+e2cm9otk0dWdXHAEo=
@@ -543,6 +607,8 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.2/go.mod h1:3SzNCllyD9/Y+b5r9JIKQ474KzkZyqLqEfYqMsX94Bk=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.3.0 h1:MfDY1b1/0xN1CyMlQDac0ziEy9zJQd9CXBRRDHw2jJo=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190523083050-ea95bdfd59fc/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.1-2019.2.3/go.mod h1:a3bituU0lyd329TUQxRnasdCoJDkEUEAqEt0JzvZhAg=
diff --git a/kvdb/kvdb_no_postgres.go b/kvdb/kvdb_no_postgres.go
index 740f6a2769..c20c5aa4e1 100644
--- a/kvdb/kvdb_no_postgres.go
+++ b/kvdb/kvdb_no_postgres.go
@@ -5,14 +5,16 @@ package kvdb
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/kvdb/postgres"
 )
 
 const PostgresBackend = false
 
-func NewPostgresFixture(dbName string) (postgres.Fixture, error) {
-	return nil, errors.New("postgres backend not available")
+func NewPostgresFixture(t testing.TB, _ string) postgres.Fixture {
+	t.Fatalf("postgres backend not available")
+	return nil
 }
 
 func StartEmbeddedPostgres() (func() error, error) {
diff --git a/kvdb/kvdb_postgres.go b/kvdb/kvdb_postgres.go
index b0d2edee85..ce939707bf 100644
--- a/kvdb/kvdb_postgres.go
+++ b/kvdb/kvdb_postgres.go
@@ -3,12 +3,16 @@
 
 package kvdb
 
-import "github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/kvdb/postgres"
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/kvdb/postgres"
+)
 
 const PostgresBackend = true
 
-func NewPostgresFixture(dbName string) (postgres.Fixture, error) {
-	return postgres.NewFixture(dbName)
+func NewPostgresFixture(t testing.TB, dbName string) postgres.Fixture {
+	return postgres.NewTestPgFixture(t, dbName)
 }
 
 func StartEmbeddedPostgres() (func() error, error) {
diff --git a/kvdb/postgres/db_test.go b/kvdb/postgres/db_test.go
index 0378b4dbb8..d3cb14356f 100644
--- a/kvdb/postgres/db_test.go
+++ b/kvdb/postgres/db_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 package postgres
 
 import (
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -18,8 +19,7 @@ func TestInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer stop()
 
-	f, err := NewFixture("")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	f := NewTestPgFixture(t, "")
 
 	// dbType is the database type name for this driver.
 	const dbType = "postgres"
@@ -38,9 +38,7 @@ func TestPanic(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer stop()
 
-	f, err := NewFixture("")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
+	f := NewTestPgFixture(t, "")
 	err = f.Db.Update(func(tx walletdb.ReadWriteTx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateTopLevelBucket([]byte("test"))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -58,5 +56,9 @@ func TestPanic(t *testing.T) {
 		return nil
 	}, func() {})
 
-	require.Contains(t, err.Error(), "terminating connection")
+	hasErr := err != nil &&
+		strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unexpected EOF") ||
+		strings.Contains(err.Error(), "terminating connection")
+
+	require.True(t, hasErr)
 }
diff --git a/kvdb/postgres/fixture.go b/kvdb/postgres/fixture.go
index 449ba8de66..aec75dd5fd 100644
--- a/kvdb/postgres/fixture.go
+++ b/kvdb/postgres/fixture.go
@@ -8,26 +8,54 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/btcsuite/btcwallet/walletdb"
-	embeddedpostgres "github.com/fergusstrange/embedded-postgres"
+	_ "github.com/lib/pq"
 	"github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/kvdb/sqlbase"
+	"github.com/ory/dockertest/v3"
+	"github.com/ory/dockertest/v3/docker"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
 const (
-	testDsnTemplate = "postgres://postgres:postgres@localhost:9876/%v?sslmode=disable"
+	testPgUser  = "test"
+	testPgPass  = "test"
+	testPgDb    = "test"
+	PostgresTag = "16"
+
+	testDsnTemplate = "postgres://test:test@%s:%d/%s?sslmode=disable"
 	prefix          = "test"
+
+	testMaxConnections = 200
 )
 
-func getTestDsn(dbName string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(testDsnTemplate, dbName)
-}
+var (
+	// DefaultExpiry is the default expiry time for the test fixture. This
+	// means a single unit test is not allowed to run more than 3 hours
+	// (which is the same duration as the default test timeout).
+	DefaultExpiry = 180 * time.Minute
+)
 
-var testPostgres *embeddedpostgres.EmbeddedPostgres
+func getTestDsn(host string, port int, dbName string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(testDsnTemplate, host, port, dbName)
+}
 
-const testMaxConnections = 200
+var testPostgres *testPgFixture
+
+// testPgFixture is a test fixture that starts a Postgres 11 instance in a
+// docker container.
+type testPgFixture struct {
+	db       *sql.DB
+	pool     *dockertest.Pool
+	resource *dockertest.Resource
+	host     string
+	port     int
+	Dsn      string
+}
 
 // StartEmbeddedPostgres starts an embedded postgres instance. This only needs
 // to be done once, because NewFixture will create random new databases on every
@@ -35,58 +63,112 @@ const testMaxConnections = 200
 func StartEmbeddedPostgres() (func() error, error) {
 	sqlbase.Init(testMaxConnections)
 
-	postgres := embeddedpostgres.NewDatabase(
-		embeddedpostgres.DefaultConfig().
-			Port(9876).
-			StartParameters(
-				map[string]string{
-					"max_connections": fmt.Sprintf(
-						"%d", testMaxConnections,
-					),
-				},
-			),
-	)
+	// uses a sensible default on windows (tcp/http) and linux/osx (socket)
+	pool, err := dockertest.NewPool("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating pool: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	err := postgres.Start()
+	// pulls an image, creates a container based on it and runs it
+	resource, err := pool.RunWithOptions(&dockertest.RunOptions{
+		Repository: "postgres",
+		Tag:        PostgresTag,
+		Env: []string{
+			fmt.Sprintf("POSTGRES_USER=%v", testPgUser),
+			fmt.Sprintf("POSTGRES_PASSWORD=%v", testPgPass),
+			fmt.Sprintf("POSTGRES_DB=%v", testPgDb),
+			"listen_addresses='*'",
+		},
+		Cmd: []string{"postgres", "-c", "max_connections=200"},
+	}, func(config *docker.HostConfig) {
+		// Set AutoRemove to true so that stopped container goes away
+		// by itself.
+		config.AutoRemove = true
+		config.RestartPolicy = docker.RestartPolicy{Name: "no"}
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating resource: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	testPostgres = postgres
+	hostAndPort := resource.GetHostPort("5432/tcp")
+	parts := strings.Split(hostAndPort, ":")
+	host := parts[0]
+	port, err := strconv.ParseInt(parts[1], 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error parsing port: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	pgFixture := &testPgFixture{
+		host: host,
+		port: int(port),
+	}
+	databaseURL := getTestDsn(host, int(port), testPgDb)
 
-	return testPostgres.Stop, nil
+	// Tell docker to hard kill the container in "expiry" seconds.
+	err = resource.Expire(uint(DefaultExpiry.Seconds()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error setting expiry: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Exponential backoff-retry, because the application in the container
+	// might not be ready to accept connections yet
+	pool.MaxWait = 120 * time.Second
+
+	var testDB *sql.DB
+	err = pool.Retry(func() error {
+		testDB, err = sql.Open("postgres", databaseURL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return testDB.Ping()
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error connecting to docker: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Now fill remaining fields of the fixture.
+	pgFixture.db = testDB
+	pgFixture.pool = pool
+	pgFixture.resource = resource
+	pgFixture.Dsn = databaseURL
+
+	testPostgres = pgFixture
+
+	return pgFixture.tearDown, nil
+}
+
+// tearDown stops the underlying docker container.
+func (f *testPgFixture) tearDown() error {
+	return f.pool.Purge(f.resource)
 }
 
-// NewFixture returns a new postgres test database. The database name is
-// randomly generated.
-func NewFixture(dbName string) (*fixture, error) {
+// NewTestPgFixture constructs a new TestPgFixture starting up a docker
+// container running Postgres 11. The started container will expire in after
+// the passed duration.
+func NewTestPgFixture(t testing.TB, dbName string) *fixture {
 	if dbName == "" {
 		// Create random database name.
 		randBytes := make([]byte, 8)
 		_, err := rand.Read(randBytes)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
+		require.NoError(t, err)
 
 		dbName = "test_" + hex.EncodeToString(randBytes)
 	}
 
 	// Create database if it doesn't exist yet.
-	dbConn, err := sql.Open("pgx", getTestDsn("postgres"))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	dbConn, err := sql.Open("pgx", testPostgres.Dsn)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	defer dbConn.Close()
 
 	_, err = dbConn.ExecContext(
 		context.Background(), "CREATE DATABASE "+dbName,
 	)
 	if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "already exists") {
-		return nil, err
+		t.Fatalf("unable to create database: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	// Open database
-	dsn := getTestDsn(dbName)
+	// Open new database.
+	dsn := getTestDsn(testPostgres.host, testPostgres.port, dbName)
 	db, err := newPostgresBackend(
 		context.Background(),
 		&Config{
@@ -95,14 +177,16 @@ func NewFixture(dbName string) (*fixture, error) {
 		},
 		prefix,
 	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = db.Close()
+	})
 
 	return &fixture{
 		Dsn: dsn,
 		Db:  db,
-	}, nil
+	}
 }
 
 type fixture struct {
@@ -122,7 +206,8 @@ func (b *fixture) Dump() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 	}
 
 	rows, err := dbConn.Query(
-		"SELECT tablename FROM pg_catalog.pg_tables WHERE schemaname='public'",
+		"SELECT tablename FROM pg_catalog.pg_tables WHERE " +
+			"schemaname='public'",
 	)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -185,3 +270,7 @@ func (b *fixture) Dump() (map[string]interface{}, error) {
 
 	return result, nil
 }
+
+func init() {
+	sqlbase.Init(testMaxConnections)
+}
diff --git a/kvdb/postgres_test.go b/kvdb/postgres_test.go
index 4645e6a308..aa748d233d 100644
--- a/kvdb/postgres_test.go
+++ b/kvdb/postgres_test.go
@@ -203,13 +203,12 @@ func TestPostgres(t *testing.T) {
 
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			f, err := postgres.NewFixture("")
-			require.NoError(t, err)
+			fixture := postgres.NewTestPgFixture(t, "")
 
-			test.test(t, f.Db)
+			test.test(t, fixture.Db)
 
 			if test.expectedDb != nil {
-				dump, err := f.Dump()
+				dump, err := fixture.Dump()
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				require.Equal(t, test.expectedDb, dump)
 			}