unix.rs

//! Unix specific definitions
use std::cmp;
use std::collections::HashMap;
use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
#[cfg(not(feature = "buffer-redux"))]
use std::io::BufReader;
use std::io::{self, ErrorKind, Read, Write};
use std::os::unix::io::{AsFd, AsRawFd, BorrowedFd, IntoRawFd, RawFd};
use std::os::unix::net::UnixStream;
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
use std::sync::mpsc::{self, SyncSender};
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};

#[cfg(feature = "buffer-redux")]
use buffer_redux::BufReader;
use log::{debug, warn};
use nix::errno::Errno;
use nix::poll::{self, PollFlags, PollTimeout};
use nix::sys::select::{self, FdSet};
#[cfg(not(feature = "termios"))]
use nix::sys::termios::Termios;
use nix::sys::time::TimeValLike;
use nix::unistd::{close, isatty, read, write};
#[cfg(feature = "termios")]
use termios::Termios;
use unicode_segmentation::UnicodeSegmentation;
use utf8parse::{Parser, Receiver};

use super::{width, Event, RawMode, RawReader, Renderer, Term};
use crate::config::{Behavior, BellStyle, ColorMode, Config};
use crate::highlight::Highlighter;
use crate::keys::{KeyCode as K, KeyEvent, KeyEvent as E, Modifiers as M};
use crate::layout::{GraphemeClusterMode, Layout, Position, Unit};
use crate::line_buffer::LineBuffer;
use crate::{error, error::Signal, Cmd, ReadlineError, Result};

const BRACKETED_PASTE_ON: &str = "\x1b[?2004h";
const BRACKETED_PASTE_OFF: &str = "\x1b[?2004l";

nix::ioctl_read_bad!(win_size, libc::TIOCGWINSZ, libc::winsize);

fn get_win_size(fd: RawFd) -> (Unit, Unit) {
    use std::mem::zeroed;

    if cfg!(test) {
        return (80, 24);
    }

    unsafe {
        let mut size: libc::winsize = zeroed();
        match win_size(fd, &mut size) {
            Ok(0) => {
                // In linux pseudo-terminals are created with dimensions of
                // zero. If host application didn't initialize the correct
                // size before start we treat zero size as 80 columns and
                // infinite rows
                let cols = if size.ws_col == 0 { 80 } else { size.ws_col };
                let rows = if size.ws_row == 0 {
                    Unit::MAX
                } else {
                    size.ws_row
                };
                (cols, rows)
            }
            _ => (80, 24),
        }
    }
}

/// Return whether or not STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR is a TTY
fn is_a_tty(fd: RawFd) -> bool {
    isatty(fd).unwrap_or(false)
}

#[cfg(any(not(feature = "buffer-redux"), test))]
pub type PosixBuffer = ();
#[cfg(all(feature = "buffer-redux", not(test)))]
pub type PosixBuffer = buffer_redux::Buffer;
#[cfg(not(test))]
pub type Buffer = PosixBuffer;

pub type PosixKeyMap = HashMap<KeyEvent, Cmd>;
#[cfg(not(test))]
pub type KeyMap = PosixKeyMap;

#[must_use = "You must restore default mode (disable_raw_mode)"]
pub struct PosixMode {
    termios: Termios,
    tty_in: RawFd,
    tty_out: Option<RawFd>,
    raw_mode: Arc<AtomicBool>,
}

#[cfg(not(test))]
pub type Mode = PosixMode;

impl RawMode for PosixMode {
    /// Disable RAW mode for the terminal.
    fn disable_raw_mode(&self) -> Result<()> {
        termios_::disable_raw_mode(self.tty_in, &self.termios)?;
        // disable bracketed paste
        if let Some(out) = self.tty_out {
            write_all(out, BRACKETED_PASTE_OFF)?;
        }
        self.raw_mode.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
        Ok(())
    }
}

// Rust std::io::Stdin is buffered with no way to know if bytes are available.
// So we use low-level stuff instead...
struct TtyIn {
    fd: RawFd,
    sig_pipe: Option<RawFd>,
}

impl Read for TtyIn {
    fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
        loop {
            let res = unsafe {
                libc::read(
                    self.fd,
                    buf.as_mut_ptr().cast::<libc::c_void>(),
                    buf.len() as libc::size_t,
                )
            };
            if res == -1 {
                let error = io::Error::last_os_error();
                if error.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted {
                    if let Some(signal) = self.sig()? {
                        return Err(io::Error::new(
                            ErrorKind::Interrupted,
                            error::SignalError(signal),
                        ));
                    }
                } else {
                    return Err(error);
                }
            } else {
                #[expect(clippy::cast_sign_loss)]
                return Ok(res as usize);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl TtyIn {
    /// Check if a signal has been received
    fn sig(&self) -> nix::Result<Option<Signal>> {
        if let Some(pipe) = self.sig_pipe {
            let mut buf = [0u8; 64];
            match read(pipe, &mut buf) {
                Ok(0) => Ok(None),
                Ok(_) => Ok(Some(Signal::from(buf[0]))),
                Err(e) if e == Errno::EWOULDBLOCK || e == Errno::EINTR => Ok(None),
                Err(e) => Err(e),
            }
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }
}

// (native receiver with a selectable file descriptor, actual message receiver)
type PipeReader = Arc<Mutex<(File, mpsc::Receiver<String>)>>;
// (native sender, actual message sender)
type PipeWriter = (Arc<Mutex<File>>, SyncSender<String>);

/// Console input reader
pub struct PosixRawReader {
    tty_in: BufReader<TtyIn>,
    timeout_ms: PollTimeout,
    parser: Parser,
    key_map: PosixKeyMap,
    // external print reader
    pipe_reader: Option<PipeReader>,
    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
    is_dev_tty: bool,
}

impl AsFd for PosixRawReader {
    fn as_fd(&self) -> BorrowedFd<'_> {
        let fd = self.tty_in.get_ref().fd;
        unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) }
    }
}

struct Utf8 {
    c: Option<char>,
    valid: bool,
}

const UP: char = 'A'; // kcuu1, kUP*
const DOWN: char = 'B'; // kcud1, kDN*
const RIGHT: char = 'C'; // kcuf1, kRIT*
const LEFT: char = 'D'; // kcub1, kLFT*
const END: char = 'F'; // kend*
const HOME: char = 'H'; // khom*
const INSERT: char = '2'; // kic*
const DELETE: char = '3'; // kdch1, kDC*
const PAGE_UP: char = '5'; // kpp, kPRV*
const PAGE_DOWN: char = '6'; // knp, kNXT*

const RXVT_HOME: char = '7';
const RXVT_END: char = '8';

const SHIFT: char = '2';
const ALT: char = '3';
const ALT_SHIFT: char = '4';
const CTRL: char = '5';
const CTRL_SHIFT: char = '6';
const CTRL_ALT: char = '7';
const CTRL_ALT_SHIFT: char = '8';

const RXVT_SHIFT: char = '$';
const RXVT_CTRL: char = '\x1e';
const RXVT_CTRL_SHIFT: char = '@';

impl PosixRawReader {
    fn new(
        fd: RawFd,
        sig_pipe: Option<RawFd>,
        buffer: Option<PosixBuffer>,
        config: &Config,
        key_map: PosixKeyMap,
        pipe_reader: Option<PipeReader>,
        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")] is_dev_tty: bool,
    ) -> Self {
        let inner = TtyIn { fd, sig_pipe };
        #[cfg(any(not(feature = "buffer-redux"), test))]
        let (tty_in, _) = (BufReader::with_capacity(1024, inner), buffer);
        #[cfg(all(feature = "buffer-redux", not(test)))]
        let tty_in = if let Some(buffer) = buffer {
            BufReader::with_buffer(buffer, inner)
        } else {
            BufReader::with_capacity(1024, inner)
        };
        Self {
            tty_in,
            timeout_ms: config.keyseq_timeout().into(),
            parser: Parser::new(),
            key_map,
            pipe_reader,
            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
            is_dev_tty,
        }
    }

    /// Handle \E <seq1> sequences
    // https://invisible-island.net/xterm/xterm-function-keys.html
    fn escape_sequence(&mut self) -> Result<KeyEvent> {
        self._do_escape_sequence(true)
    }

    /// Don't call directly, call `PosixRawReader::escape_sequence` instead
    fn _do_escape_sequence(&mut self, allow_recurse: bool) -> Result<KeyEvent> {
        // Read the next byte representing the escape sequence.
        let seq1 = self.next_char()?;
        if seq1 == '[' {
            // \E[ sequences. (CSI)
            self.escape_csi()
        } else if seq1 == 'O' {
            // xterm
            // \EO sequences. (SS3)
            self.escape_o()
        } else if seq1 == '\x1b' {
            // \E\E — used by rxvt, iTerm (under default config), etc.
            // ```
            // \E\E[A => Alt-Up
            // \E\E[B => Alt-Down
            // \E\E[C => Alt-Right
            // \E\E[D => Alt-Left
            // ```
            //
            // In general this more or less works just adding ALT to an existing
            // key, but has a wrinkle in that `ESC ESC` without anything
            // following should be interpreted as the the escape key.
            //
            // We handle this by polling to see if there's anything coming
            // within our timeout, and if so, recursing once, but adding alt to
            // what we read.
            if !allow_recurse {
                return Ok(E::ESC);
            }
            let timeout = if self.timeout_ms.is_none() {
                100u8.into()
            } else {
                self.timeout_ms
            };
            match self.poll(timeout) {
                // Ignore poll errors, it's very likely we'll pick them up on
                // the next read anyway.
                Ok(false) | Err(_) => Ok(E::ESC),
                Ok(true) => {
                    // recurse, and add the alt modifier.
                    let E(k, m) = self._do_escape_sequence(false)?;
                    Ok(E(k, m | M::ALT))
                }
            }
        } else {
            Ok(E::alt(seq1))
        }
    }

    /// Handle \E[ <seq2> escape sequences
    fn escape_csi(&mut self) -> Result<KeyEvent> {
        let seq2 = self.next_char()?;
        if seq2.is_ascii_digit() {
            match seq2 {
                '0' | '9' => {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline", "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{:?}", seq2);
                    Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                }
                _ => {
                    // Extended escape, read additional byte.
                    self.extended_escape(seq2)
                }
            }
        } else if seq2 == '[' {
            let seq3 = self.next_char()?;
            // Linux console
            Ok(match seq3 {
                'A' => E(K::F(1), M::NONE),
                'B' => E(K::F(2), M::NONE),
                'C' => E(K::F(3), M::NONE),
                'D' => E(K::F(4), M::NONE),
                'E' => E(K::F(5), M::NONE),
                _ => {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline", "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[[{:?}", seq3);
                    E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                }
            })
        } else {
            // ANSI
            Ok(match seq2 {
                UP => E(K::Up, M::NONE),
                DOWN => E(K::Down, M::NONE),
                RIGHT => E(K::Right, M::NONE),
                LEFT => E(K::Left, M::NONE),
                //'E' => E(K::, M::), // Ignore
                END => E(K::End, M::NONE),
                //'G' => E(K::, M::), // Ignore
                HOME => E(K::Home, M::NONE), // khome
                //'J' => E(K::, M::), // clr_eos
                //'K' => E(K::, M::), // clr_eol
                //'L' => E(K::, M::), // il1
                //'M' => E(K::, M::), // kmous
                //'P' => E(K::Delete, M::NONE), // dch1
                'Z' => E(K::BackTab, M::NONE),
                'a' => E(K::Up, M::SHIFT),    // rxvt: kind or kUP
                'b' => E(K::Down, M::SHIFT),  // rxvt: kri or kDN
                'c' => E(K::Right, M::SHIFT), // rxvt
                'd' => E(K::Left, M::SHIFT),  // rxvt
                _ => {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline", "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{:?}", seq2);
                    E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                }
            })
        }
    }

    /// Handle \E[ <seq2:digit> escape sequences
    #[expect(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
    fn extended_escape(&mut self, seq2: char) -> Result<KeyEvent> {
        let seq3 = self.next_char()?;
        if seq3 == '~' {
            Ok(match seq2 {
                '1' | RXVT_HOME => E(K::Home, M::NONE), // tmux, xrvt
                INSERT => E(K::Insert, M::NONE),
                DELETE => E(K::Delete, M::NONE),
                '4' | RXVT_END => E(K::End, M::NONE), // tmux, xrvt
                PAGE_UP => E(K::PageUp, M::NONE),
                PAGE_DOWN => E(K::PageDown, M::NONE),
                _ => {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline",
                           "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}~", seq2);
                    E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                }
            })
        } else if seq3.is_ascii_digit() {
            let seq4 = self.next_char()?;
            if seq4 == '~' {
                Ok(match (seq2, seq3) {
                    ('1', '1') => E(K::F(1), M::NONE),  // rxvt-unicode
                    ('1', '2') => E(K::F(2), M::NONE),  // rxvt-unicode
                    ('1', '3') => E(K::F(3), M::NONE),  // rxvt-unicode
                    ('1', '4') => E(K::F(4), M::NONE),  // rxvt-unicode
                    ('1', '5') => E(K::F(5), M::NONE),  // kf5
                    ('1', '7') => E(K::F(6), M::NONE),  // kf6
                    ('1', '8') => E(K::F(7), M::NONE),  // kf7
                    ('1', '9') => E(K::F(8), M::NONE),  // kf8
                    ('2', '0') => E(K::F(9), M::NONE),  // kf9
                    ('2', '1') => E(K::F(10), M::NONE), // kf10
                    ('2', '3') => E(K::F(11), M::NONE), // kf11
                    ('2', '4') => E(K::F(12), M::NONE), // kf12
                    //('6', '2') => KeyCode::ScrollUp,
                    //('6', '3') => KeyCode::ScrollDown,
                    _ => {
                        debug!(target: "rustyline",
                               "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{}~", seq2, seq3);
                        E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                    }
                })
            } else if seq4 == ';' {
                let seq5 = self.next_char()?;
                if seq5.is_ascii_digit() {
                    let seq6 = self.next_char()?;
                    if seq6.is_ascii_digit() {
                        self.next_char()?; // 'R' expected
                        Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                    } else if seq6 == 'R' {
                        Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                    } else if seq6 == '~' {
                        Ok(match (seq2, seq3, seq5) {
                            ('1', '5', CTRL) => E(K::F(5), M::CTRL),
                            //('1', '5', '6') => E(K::F(17), M::CTRL),
                            ('1', '7', CTRL) => E(K::F(6), M::CTRL),
                            //('1', '7', '6') => E(K::F(18), M::CTRL),
                            ('1', '8', CTRL) => E(K::F(7), M::CTRL),
                            ('1', '9', CTRL) => E(K::F(8), M::CTRL),
                            //('1', '9', '6') => E(K::F(19), M::CTRL),
                            ('2', '0', CTRL) => E(K::F(9), M::CTRL),
                            //('2', '0', '6') => E(K::F(21), M::CTRL),
                            ('2', '1', CTRL) => E(K::F(10), M::CTRL),
                            //('2', '1', '6') => E(K::F(22), M::CTRL),
                            ('2', '3', CTRL) => E(K::F(11), M::CTRL),
                            //('2', '3', '6') => E(K::F(23), M::CTRL),
                            ('2', '4', CTRL) => E(K::F(12), M::CTRL),
                            //('2', '4', '6') => E(K::F(24), M::CTRL),
                            _ => {
                                debug!(target: "rustyline",
                                       "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{};{}~", seq2, seq3, seq5);
                                E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                            }
                        })
                    } else {
                        debug!(target: "rustyline",
                               "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{};{}{}", seq2, seq3, seq5, seq6);
                        Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                    }
                } else {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline",
                           "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{};{:?}", seq2, seq3, seq5);
                    Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                }
            } else if seq4.is_ascii_digit() {
                let seq5 = self.next_char()?;
                if seq5 == '~' {
                    Ok(match (seq2, seq3, seq4) {
                        ('2', '0', '0') => E(K::BracketedPasteStart, M::NONE),
                        ('2', '0', '1') => E(K::BracketedPasteEnd, M::NONE),
                        _ => {
                            debug!(target: "rustyline",
                                   "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{}{}~", seq2, seq3, seq4);
                            E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                        }
                    })
                } else {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline",
                           "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{}{}{}", seq2, seq3, seq4, seq5);
                    Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                }
            } else {
                debug!(target: "rustyline",
                       "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{}{:?}", seq2, seq3, seq4);
                Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
            }
        } else if seq3 == ';' {
            let seq4 = self.next_char()?;
            if seq4.is_ascii_digit() {
                let seq5 = self.next_char()?;
                if seq5.is_ascii_digit() {
                    self.next_char()?; // 'R' expected
                                       //('1', '0', UP) => E(K::, M::), // Alt + Shift + Up
                    Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                } else if seq2 == '1' {
                    Ok(match (seq4, seq5) {
                        (SHIFT, UP) => E(K::Up, M::SHIFT),     // ~ key_sr
                        (SHIFT, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::SHIFT), // ~ key_sf
                        (SHIFT, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::SHIFT),
                        (SHIFT, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::SHIFT),
                        (SHIFT, END) => E(K::End, M::SHIFT), // kEND
                        (SHIFT, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::SHIFT), // kHOM
                        //('2', 'P') => E(K::F(13), M::NONE),
                        //('2', 'Q') => E(K::F(14), M::NONE),
                        //('2', 'S') => E(K::F(16), M::NONE),
                        (ALT, UP) => E(K::Up, M::ALT),
                        (ALT, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::ALT),
                        (ALT, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::ALT),
                        (ALT, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::ALT),
                        (ALT, END) => E(K::End, M::ALT),
                        (ALT, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::ALT),
                        (ALT_SHIFT, UP) => E(K::Up, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (ALT_SHIFT, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (ALT_SHIFT, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (ALT_SHIFT, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (ALT_SHIFT, END) => E(K::End, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (ALT_SHIFT, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL, UP) => E(K::Up, M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, END) => E(K::End, M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'P') => E(K::F(1), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'Q') => E(K::F(2), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'S') => E(K::F(4), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'p') => E(K::Char('0'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'q') => E(K::Char('1'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'r') => E(K::Char('2'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 's') => E(K::Char('3'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 't') => E(K::Char('4'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'u') => E(K::Char('5'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'v') => E(K::Char('6'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'w') => E(K::Char('7'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'x') => E(K::Char('8'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL, 'y') => E(K::Char('9'), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, UP) => E(K::Up, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, END) => E(K::End, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        //('6', 'P') => E(K::F(13), M::CTRL),
                        //('6', 'Q') => E(K::F(14), M::CTRL),
                        //('6', 'S') => E(K::F(16), M::CTRL),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'p') => E(K::Char('0'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'q') => E(K::Char('1'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'r') => E(K::Char('2'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 's') => E(K::Char('3'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 't') => E(K::Char('4'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'u') => E(K::Char('5'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'v') => E(K::Char('6'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'w') => E(K::Char('7'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'x') => E(K::Char('8'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_SHIFT, 'y') => E(K::Char('9'), M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, UP) => E(K::Up, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, END) => E(K::End, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'p') => E(K::Char('0'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'q') => E(K::Char('1'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'r') => E(K::Char('2'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 's') => E(K::Char('3'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 't') => E(K::Char('4'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'u') => E(K::Char('5'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'v') => E(K::Char('6'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'w') => E(K::Char('7'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'x') => E(K::Char('8'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT, 'y') => E(K::Char('9'), M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, UP) => E(K::Up, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, END) => E(K::End, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, HOME) => E(K::Home, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'p') => E(K::Char('0'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'q') => E(K::Char('1'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'r') => E(K::Char('2'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 's') => E(K::Char('3'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 't') => E(K::Char('4'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'u') => E(K::Char('5'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'v') => E(K::Char('6'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'w') => E(K::Char('7'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'x') => E(K::Char('8'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (CTRL_ALT_SHIFT, 'y') => E(K::Char('9'), M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        // Meta + arrow on (some?) Macs when using iTerm defaults
                        ('9', UP) => E(K::Up, M::ALT),
                        ('9', DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::ALT),
                        ('9', RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::ALT),
                        ('9', LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::ALT),
                        _ => {
                            debug!(target: "rustyline",
                                   "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[1;{}{:?}", seq4, seq5);
                            E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                        }
                    })
                } else if seq5 == '~' {
                    Ok(match (seq2, seq4) {
                        (INSERT, SHIFT) => E(K::Insert, M::SHIFT),
                        (INSERT, ALT) => E(K::Insert, M::ALT),
                        (INSERT, ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::Insert, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (INSERT, CTRL) => E(K::Insert, M::CTRL),
                        (INSERT, CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::Insert, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (INSERT, CTRL_ALT) => E(K::Insert, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (INSERT, CTRL_ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::Insert, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (DELETE, SHIFT) => E(K::Delete, M::SHIFT),
                        (DELETE, ALT) => E(K::Delete, M::ALT),
                        (DELETE, ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::Delete, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (DELETE, CTRL) => E(K::Delete, M::CTRL),
                        (DELETE, CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::Delete, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (DELETE, CTRL_ALT) => E(K::Delete, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (DELETE, CTRL_ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::Delete, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_UP, SHIFT) => E(K::PageUp, M::SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_UP, ALT) => E(K::PageUp, M::ALT),
                        (PAGE_UP, ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::PageUp, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_UP, CTRL) => E(K::PageUp, M::CTRL),
                        (PAGE_UP, CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::PageUp, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_UP, CTRL_ALT) => E(K::PageUp, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (PAGE_UP, CTRL_ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::PageUp, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, SHIFT) => E(K::PageDown, M::SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, ALT) => E(K::PageDown, M::ALT),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::PageDown, M::ALT_SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, CTRL) => E(K::PageDown, M::CTRL),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::PageDown, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, CTRL_ALT) => E(K::PageDown, M::CTRL_ALT),
                        (PAGE_DOWN, CTRL_ALT_SHIFT) => E(K::PageDown, M::CTRL_ALT_SHIFT),
                        _ => {
                            debug!(target: "rustyline",
                                   "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{};{:?}~", seq2, seq4);
                            E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                        }
                    })
                } else {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline",
                           "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{};{}{:?}", seq2, seq4, seq5);
                    Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
                }
            } else {
                debug!(target: "rustyline",
                       "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{};{:?}", seq2, seq4);
                Ok(E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE))
            }
        } else {
            Ok(match (seq2, seq3) {
                (DELETE, RXVT_CTRL) => E(K::Delete, M::CTRL),
                (DELETE, RXVT_CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::Delete, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                (CTRL, UP) => E(K::Up, M::CTRL),
                (CTRL, DOWN) => E(K::Down, M::CTRL),
                (CTRL, RIGHT) => E(K::Right, M::CTRL),
                (CTRL, LEFT) => E(K::Left, M::CTRL),
                (PAGE_UP, RXVT_CTRL) => E(K::PageUp, M::CTRL),
                (PAGE_UP, RXVT_SHIFT) => E(K::PageUp, M::SHIFT),
                (PAGE_UP, RXVT_CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::PageUp, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                (PAGE_DOWN, RXVT_CTRL) => E(K::PageDown, M::CTRL),
                (PAGE_DOWN, RXVT_SHIFT) => E(K::PageDown, M::SHIFT),
                (PAGE_DOWN, RXVT_CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::PageDown, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                (RXVT_HOME, RXVT_CTRL) => E(K::Home, M::CTRL),
                (RXVT_HOME, RXVT_SHIFT) => E(K::Home, M::SHIFT),
                (RXVT_HOME, RXVT_CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::Home, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                (RXVT_END, RXVT_CTRL) => E(K::End, M::CTRL), // kEND5 or kel
                (RXVT_END, RXVT_SHIFT) => E(K::End, M::SHIFT),
                (RXVT_END, RXVT_CTRL_SHIFT) => E(K::End, M::CTRL_SHIFT),
                _ => {
                    debug!(target: "rustyline",
                           "unsupported esc sequence: \\E[{}{:?}", seq2, seq3);
                    E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
                }
            })
        }
    }

    /// Handle \EO <seq2> escape sequences
    fn escape_o(&mut self) -> Result<KeyEvent> {
        let seq2 = self.next_char()?;
        Ok(match seq2 {
            UP => E(K::Up, M::NONE),
            DOWN => E(K::Down, M::NONE),
            RIGHT => E(K::Right, M::NONE),
            LEFT => E(K::Left, M::NONE),
            //'E' => E(K::, M::),// key_b2, kb2
            END => E(K::End, M::NONE),   // kend
            HOME => E(K::Home, M::NONE), // khome
            'M' => E::ENTER,             // kent
            'P' => E(K::F(1), M::NONE),  // kf1
            'Q' => E(K::F(2), M::NONE),  // kf2
            'R' => E(K::F(3), M::NONE),  // kf3
            'S' => E(K::F(4), M::NONE),  // kf4
            'a' => E(K::Up, M::CTRL),
            'b' => E(K::Down, M::CTRL),
            'c' => E(K::Right, M::CTRL), // rxvt
            'd' => E(K::Left, M::CTRL),  // rxvt
            'l' => E(K::F(8), M::NONE),
            't' => E(K::F(5), M::NONE),  // kf5 or kb1
            'u' => E(K::F(6), M::NONE),  // kf6 or kb2
            'v' => E(K::F(7), M::NONE),  // kf7 or kb3
            'w' => E(K::F(9), M::NONE),  // kf9 or ka1
            'x' => E(K::F(10), M::NONE), // kf10 or ka2
            _ => {
                debug!(target: "rustyline", "unsupported esc sequence: \\EO{:?}", seq2);
                E(K::UnknownEscSeq, M::NONE)
            }
        })
    }

    fn poll(&mut self, timeout: PollTimeout) -> Result<bool> {
        let n = self.tty_in.buffer().len();
        if n > 0 {
            return Ok(true);
        }
        #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
        if self.is_dev_tty {
            // poll doesn't work for /dev/tty on MacOS but select does
            return Ok(match self.select(Some(timeout), false /* ignored */)? {
                Event::Timeout(true) => false,
                _ => true,
            });
        }
        debug!(target: "rustyline", "poll with: {:?}", timeout);
        let mut fds = [poll::PollFd::new(self.as_fd(), PollFlags::POLLIN)];
        let r = poll::poll(&mut fds, timeout);
        debug!(target: "rustyline", "poll returns: {:?}", r);
        match r {
            Ok(n) => Ok(n != 0),
            Err(Errno::EINTR) => {
                if let Some(signal) = self.tty_in.get_ref().sig()? {
                    Err(ReadlineError::Signal(signal))
                } else {
                    Ok(false) // Ignore EINTR while polling
                }
            }
            Err(e) => Err(e.into()),
        }
    }

    // timeout is used only with /dev/tty on MacOs
    fn select(&mut self, timeout: Option<PollTimeout>, single_esc_abort: bool) -> Result<Event> {
        let tty_in = self.as_fd();
        let sig_pipe = self
            .tty_in
            .get_ref()
            .sig_pipe
            .map(|fd| unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) });
        let pipe_reader = if timeout.is_some() {
            None
        } else {
            self.pipe_reader
                .as_ref()
                .map(|pr| pr.lock().unwrap().0.as_raw_fd())
                .map(|fd| unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) })
        };
        loop {
            let mut readfds = FdSet::new();
            if let Some(sig_pipe) = sig_pipe {
                readfds.insert(sig_pipe);
            }
            readfds.insert(tty_in);
            if let Some(pipe_reader) = pipe_reader {
                readfds.insert(pipe_reader);
            }
            let mut timeout = match timeout {
                Some(pt) => pt
                    .as_millis()
                    .map(|ms| nix::sys::time::TimeVal::milliseconds(ms as i64)),
                None => None,
            };
            if let Err(err) = select::select(None, Some(&mut readfds), None, None, timeout.as_mut())
            {
                if err == Errno::EINTR {
                    if let Some(signal) = self.tty_in.get_ref().sig()? {
                        return Err(ReadlineError::Signal(signal));
                    } else {
                        continue;
                    }
                } else {
                    return Err(err.into());
                }
            };
            if sig_pipe.is_some_and(|fd| readfds.contains(fd)) {
                if let Some(signal) = self.tty_in.get_ref().sig()? {
                    return Err(ReadlineError::Signal(signal));
                }
            } else if readfds.contains(tty_in) {
                #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                if timeout.is_some() {
                    return Ok(Event::Timeout(false));
                }
                // prefer user input over external print
                return self.next_key(single_esc_abort).map(Event::KeyPress);
            } else if timeout.is_some() {
                #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
                return Ok(Event::Timeout(true));
                #[cfg(not(target_os = "macos"))]
                unreachable!()
            } else if let Some(ref pipe_reader) = self.pipe_reader {
                let mut guard = pipe_reader.lock().unwrap();
                let mut buf = [0; 1];
                guard.0.read_exact(&mut buf)?;
                if let Ok(msg) = guard.1.try_recv() {
                    return Ok(Event::ExternalPrint(msg));
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl RawReader for PosixRawReader {
    type Buffer = PosixBuffer;

    #[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
    fn wait_for_input(&mut self, single_esc_abort: bool) -> Result<Event> {
        match self.pipe_reader {
            Some(_) => self.select(None, single_esc_abort),
            None => self.next_key(single_esc_abort).map(Event::KeyPress),
        }
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "signal-hook")]
    fn wait_for_input(&mut self, single_esc_abort: bool) -> Result<Event> {
        self.select(None, single_esc_abort)
    }

    fn next_key(&mut self, single_esc_abort: bool) -> Result<KeyEvent> {
        let c = self.next_char()?;

        let mut key = KeyEvent::new(c, M::NONE);
        if key == E::ESC {
            if !self.tty_in.buffer().is_empty() {
                debug!(target: "rustyline", "read buffer {:?}", self.tty_in.buffer());
            }
            let timeout_ms = if single_esc_abort && self.timeout_ms.is_none() {
                PollTimeout::ZERO
            } else {
                self.timeout_ms
            };
            match self.poll(timeout_ms) {
                Ok(false) => {
                    // single escape
                }
                Ok(_) => {
                    // escape sequence
                    key = self.escape_sequence()?
                }
                // Err(ref e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
                Err(e) => return Err(e),
            }
        }
        debug!(target: "rustyline", "c: {:?} => key: {:?}", c, key);
        Ok(key)
    }

    fn next_char(&mut self) -> Result<char> {
        let mut buf = [0; 1];
        let mut receiver = Utf8 {
            c: None,
            valid: true,
        };
        loop {
            let n = self.tty_in.read(&mut buf)?;
            if n == 0 {
                return Err(ReadlineError::Eof);
            }
            let b = buf[0];
            self.parser.advance(&mut receiver, b);
            if !receiver.valid {
                return Err(ReadlineError::from(ErrorKind::InvalidData));
            } else if let Some(c) = receiver.c.take() {
                return Ok(c);
            }
        }
    }

    fn read_pasted_text(&mut self) -> Result<String> {
        let mut buffer = String::new();
        loop {
            match self.next_char()? {
                '\x1b' => {
                    let key = self.escape_sequence()?;
                    if key == E(K::BracketedPasteEnd, M::NONE) {
                        break;
                    } else {
                        continue; // TODO validate
                    }
                }
                c => buffer.push(c),
            };
        }
        let buffer = buffer.replace("\r\n", "\n");
        let buffer = buffer.replace('\r', "\n");
        Ok(buffer)
    }

    fn find_binding(&self, key: &KeyEvent) -> Option<Cmd> {
        let cmd = self.key_map.get(key).cloned();
        if let Some(ref cmd) = cmd {
            debug!(target: "rustyline", "terminal key binding: {:?} => {:?}", key, cmd);
        }
        cmd
    }

    #[cfg(any(not(feature = "buffer-redux"), test))]
    fn unbuffer(self) -> Option<PosixBuffer> {
        None
    }

    #[cfg(all(feature = "buffer-redux", not(test)))]
    fn unbuffer(self) -> Option<PosixBuffer> {
        let (_, buffer) = self.tty_in.into_inner_with_buffer();
        Some(buffer)
    }
}

impl Receiver for Utf8 {
    /// Called whenever a code point is parsed successfully
    fn codepoint(&mut self, c: char) {
        self.c = Some(c);
        self.valid = true;
    }

    /// Called when an invalid sequence is detected
    fn invalid_sequence(&mut self) {
        self.c = None;
        self.valid = false;
    }
}

/// Console output writer
pub struct PosixRenderer {
    out: RawFd,
    cols: Unit, // Number of columns in terminal
    buffer: String,
    tab_stop: Unit,
    colors_enabled: bool,
    grapheme_cluster_mode: GraphemeClusterMode,
    bell_style: BellStyle,
}

impl PosixRenderer {
    fn new(
        out: RawFd,
        tab_stop: Unit,
        colors_enabled: bool,
        grapheme_cluster_mode: GraphemeClusterMode,
        bell_style: BellStyle,
    ) -> Self {
        let (cols, _) = get_win_size(out);
        Self {
            out,
            cols,
            buffer: String::with_capacity(1024),
            tab_stop,
            colors_enabled,
            grapheme_cluster_mode,
            bell_style,
        }
    }

    fn clear_old_rows(&mut self, layout: &Layout) {
        use std::fmt::Write;
        let current_row = layout.cursor.row;
        let old_rows = layout.end.row;
        // old_rows < cursor_row if the prompt spans multiple lines and if
        // this is the default State.
        let cursor_row_movement = old_rows.saturating_sub(current_row);
        // move the cursor down as required
        if cursor_row_movement > 0 {
            write!(self.buffer, "\x1b[{cursor_row_movement}B").unwrap();
        }
        // clear old rows
        for _ in 0..old_rows {
            self.buffer.push_str("\r\x1b[K\x1b[A");
        }
        // clear the line
        self.buffer.push_str("\r\x1b[K");
    }
}

impl Renderer for PosixRenderer {
    type Reader = PosixRawReader;

    fn move_cursor(&mut self, old: Position, new: Position) -> Result<()> {
        use std::fmt::Write;
        self.buffer.clear();
        let row_ordering = new.row.cmp(&old.row);
        if row_ordering == cmp::Ordering::Greater {
            // move down
            let row_shift = new.row - old.row;
            if row_shift == 1 {
                self.buffer.push_str("\x1b[B");
            } else {
                write!(self.buffer, "\x1b[{row_shift}B")?;
            }
        } else if row_ordering == cmp::Ordering::Less {
            // move up
            let row_shift = old.row - new.row;
            if row_shift == 1 {
                self.buffer.push_str("\x1b[A");
            } else {
                write!(self.buffer, "\x1b[{row_shift}A")?;
            }
        }
        let col_ordering = new.col.cmp(&old.col);
        if col_ordering == cmp::Ordering::Greater {
            // move right
            let col_shift = new.col - old.col;
            if col_shift == 1 {
                self.buffer.push_str("\x1b[C");
            } else {
                write!(self.buffer, "\x1b[{col_shift}C")?;
            }
        } else if col_ordering == cmp::Ordering::Less {
            // move left
            let col_shift = old.col - new.col;
            if col_shift == 1 {
                self.buffer.push_str("\x1b[D");
            } else {
                write!(self.buffer, "\x1b[{col_shift}D")?;
            }
        }
        write_all(self.out, self.buffer.as_str())?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn refresh_line(
        &mut self,
        prompt: &str,
        line: &LineBuffer,
        hint: Option<&str>,
        old_layout: &Layout,
        new_layout: &Layout,
        highlighter: Option<&dyn Highlighter>,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        use std::fmt::Write;
        self.buffer.clear();

        let default_prompt = new_layout.default_prompt;
        let cursor = new_layout.cursor;
        let end_pos = new_layout.end;

        self.clear_old_rows(old_layout);

        if let Some(highlighter) = highlighter {
            // display the prompt
            self.buffer
                .push_str(&highlighter.highlight_prompt(prompt, default_prompt));
            // display the input line
            self.buffer
                .push_str(&highlighter.highlight(line, line.pos()));
        } else {
            // display the prompt
            self.buffer.push_str(prompt);
            // display the input line
            self.buffer.push_str(line);
        }
        // display hint
        if let Some(hint) = hint {
            if let Some(highlighter) = highlighter {
                self.buffer.push_str(&highlighter.highlight_hint(hint));
            } else {
                self.buffer.push_str(hint);
            }
        }
        // we have to generate our own newline on line wrap
        if end_pos.col == 0
            && end_pos.row > 0
            && !hint.map_or_else(|| line.ends_with('\n'), |h| h.ends_with('\n'))
        {
            self.buffer.push('\n');
        }
        // position the cursor
        let new_cursor_row_movement = end_pos.row - cursor.row;
        // move the cursor up as required
        if new_cursor_row_movement > 0 {
            write!(self.buffer, "\x1b[{new_cursor_row_movement}A")?;
        }
        // position the cursor within the line
        if cursor.col > 0 {
            write!(self.buffer, "\r\x1b[{}C", cursor.col)?;
        } else {
            self.buffer.push('\r');
        }

        write_all(self.out, self.buffer.as_str())?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn write_and_flush(&mut self, buf: &str) -> Result<()> {
        write_all(self.out, buf)?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Control characters are treated as having zero width.
    /// Characters with 2 column width are correctly handled (not split).
    fn calculate_position(&self, s: &str, orig: Position) -> Position {
        let mut pos = orig;
        let mut esc_seq = 0;
        for c in s.graphemes(true) {
            if c == "\n" {
                pos.row += 1;
                pos.col = 0;
                continue;
            }
            let cw = if c == "\t" {
                self.tab_stop - (pos.col % self.tab_stop)
            } else {
                width(self.grapheme_cluster_mode, c, &mut esc_seq)
            };
            pos.col += cw;
            if pos.col > self.cols {
                pos.row += 1;
                pos.col = cw;
            }
        }
        if pos.col == self.cols {
            pos.col = 0;
            pos.row += 1;
        }
        pos
    }

    fn beep(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        match self.bell_style {
            BellStyle::Audible => self.write_and_flush("\x07"),
            _ => Ok(()),
        }
    }

    /// Clear the screen. Used to handle ctrl+l
    fn clear_screen(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
        self.write_and_flush("\x1b[H\x1b[J")
    }

    fn clear_rows(&mut self, layout: &Layout) -> Result<()> {
        self.buffer.clear();
        self.clear_old_rows(layout);
        write_all(self.out, self.buffer.as_str())?;
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Try to update the number of columns in the current terminal,
    fn update_size(&mut self) {
        let (cols, _) = get_win_size(self.out);
        self.cols = cols;
    }

    fn get_columns(&self) -> Unit {
        self.cols
    }

    /// Try to get the number of rows in the current terminal,
    /// or assume 24 if it fails.
    fn get_rows(&self) -> Unit {
        let (_, rows) = get_win_size(self.out);
        rows
    }

    fn colors_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        self.colors_enabled
    }

    fn grapheme_cluster_mode(&self) -> GraphemeClusterMode {
        self.grapheme_cluster_mode
    }

    fn move_cursor_at_leftmost(&mut self, rdr: &mut PosixRawReader) -> Result<()> {
        if rdr.poll(PollTimeout::ZERO)? {
            debug!(target: "rustyline", "cannot request cursor location");
            return Ok(());
        }
        /* Report cursor location */
        self.write_and_flush("\x1b[6n")?;
        /* Read the response: ESC [ rows ; cols R */
        if !rdr.poll(PollTimeout::from(100u8))?
            || rdr.next_char()? != '\x1b'
            || rdr.next_char()? != '['
            || read_digits_until(rdr, ';')?.is_none()
        {
            warn!(target: "rustyline", "cannot read initial cursor location");
            return Ok(());
        }
        let col = read_digits_until(rdr, 'R')?;
        debug!(target: "rustyline", "initial cursor location: {:?}", col);
        if col != Some(1) {
            self.write_and_flush("\n")?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

fn read_digits_until(rdr: &mut PosixRawReader, sep: char) -> Result<Option<u32>> {
    let mut num: u32 = 0;
    loop {
        match rdr.next_char()? {
            digit @ '0'..='9' => {
                num = num
                    .saturating_mul(10)
                    .saturating_add(digit.to_digit(10).unwrap());
                continue;
            }
            c if c == sep => break,
            _ => return Ok(None),
        }
    }
    Ok(Some(num))
}

fn write_all(fd: RawFd, buf: &str) -> nix::Result<()> {
    let mut bytes = buf.as_bytes();
    while !bytes.is_empty() {
        match write(unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(fd) }, bytes) {
            Ok(0) => return Err(Errno::EIO),
            Ok(n) => bytes = &bytes[n..],
            Err(Errno::EINTR) => {}
            Err(r) => return Err(r),
        }
    }
    Ok(())
}

pub struct PosixCursorGuard(RawFd);

impl Drop for PosixCursorGuard {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        let _ = set_cursor_visibility(self.0, true);
    }
}

fn set_cursor_visibility(fd: RawFd, visible: bool) -> Result<Option<PosixCursorGuard>> {
    write_all(fd, if visible { "\x1b[?25h" } else { "\x1b[?25l" })?;
    Ok(if visible {
        None
    } else {
        Some(PosixCursorGuard(fd))
    })
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
static mut SIG_PIPE: RawFd = -1;
#[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
extern "C" fn sig_handler(sig: libc::c_int) {
    let b = error::Signal::to_byte(sig);
    let _ = unsafe { write(BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(SIG_PIPE), &[b]) };
}

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct Sig {
    pipe: RawFd,
    #[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
    original_sigint: nix::sys::signal::SigAction,
    #[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
    original_sigwinch: nix::sys::signal::SigAction,
    #[cfg(feature = "signal-hook")]
    id: signal_hook::SigId,
}
impl Sig {
    #[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
    fn install_sigwinch_handler() -> Result<Self> {
        use nix::sys::signal;
        let (pipe, pipe_write) = UnixStream::pair()?;
        pipe.set_nonblocking(true)?;
        unsafe { SIG_PIPE = pipe_write.into_raw_fd() };
        let sa = signal::SigAction::new(
            signal::SigHandler::Handler(sig_handler),
            signal::SaFlags::empty(),
            signal::SigSet::empty(),
        );
        let original_sigint = unsafe { signal::sigaction(signal::SIGINT, &sa)? };
        let original_sigwinch = unsafe { signal::sigaction(signal::SIGWINCH, &sa)? };
        Ok(Self {
            pipe: pipe.into_raw_fd(),
            original_sigint,
            original_sigwinch,
        })
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "signal-hook")]
    fn install_sigwinch_handler() -> Result<Self> {
        let (pipe, pipe_write) = UnixStream::pair()?;
        pipe.set_nonblocking(true)?;
        let id = signal_hook::low_level::pipe::register(libc::SIGWINCH, pipe_write)?;
        Ok(Self {
            pipe: pipe.into_raw_fd(),
            id,
        })
    }

    #[cfg(not(feature = "signal-hook"))]
    fn uninstall_sigwinch_handler(self) -> Result<()> {
        use nix::sys::signal;
        let _ = unsafe { signal::sigaction(signal::SIGINT, &self.original_sigint)? };
        let _ = unsafe { signal::sigaction(signal::SIGWINCH, &self.original_sigwinch)? };
        close(self.pipe)?;
        unsafe { close(SIG_PIPE)? };
        unsafe { SIG_PIPE = -1 };
        Ok(())
    }

    #[cfg(feature = "signal-hook")]
    fn uninstall_sigwinch_handler(self) -> Result<()> {
        signal_hook::low_level::unregister(self.id);
        close(self.pipe)?;
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(not(test))]
pub type Terminal = PosixTerminal;

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PosixTerminal {
    unsupported: bool,
    tty_in: RawFd,
    is_in_a_tty: bool,
    tty_out: RawFd,
    is_out_a_tty: bool,
    close_on_drop: bool,
    pub(crate) color_mode: ColorMode,
    grapheme_cluster_mode: GraphemeClusterMode,
    tab_stop: u8,
    bell_style: BellStyle,
    enable_bracketed_paste: bool,
    raw_mode: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    // external print reader
    pipe_reader: Option<PipeReader>,
    // external print writer
    pipe_writer: Option<PipeWriter>,
    sig: Option<Sig>,
    enable_signals: bool,
}

impl PosixTerminal {
    fn colors_enabled(&self) -> bool {
        match self.color_mode {
            ColorMode::Enabled => self.is_out_a_tty,
            ColorMode::Forced => true,
            ColorMode::Disabled => false,
        }
    }
}

impl Term for PosixTerminal {
    type Buffer = PosixBuffer;
    type CursorGuard = PosixCursorGuard;
    type ExternalPrinter = ExternalPrinter;
    type KeyMap = PosixKeyMap;
    type Mode = PosixMode;
    type Reader = PosixRawReader;
    type Writer = PosixRenderer;

    fn new(
        color_mode: ColorMode,
        grapheme_cluster_mode: GraphemeClusterMode,
        behavior: Behavior,
        tab_stop: u8,
        bell_style: BellStyle,
        enable_bracketed_paste: bool,
        enable_signals: bool,
    ) -> Result<Self> {
        let (tty_in, is_in_a_tty, tty_out, is_out_a_tty, close_on_drop) =
            if behavior == Behavior::PreferTerm {
                let tty = OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(true).open("/dev/tty");
                if let Ok(tty) = tty {
                    let fd = tty.into_raw_fd();
                    let is_a_tty = is_a_tty(fd); // TODO: useless ?
                    (fd, is_a_tty, fd, is_a_tty, true)
                } else {
                    (
                        libc::STDIN_FILENO,
                        is_a_tty(libc::STDIN_FILENO),
                        libc::STDOUT_FILENO,
                        is_a_tty(libc::STDOUT_FILENO),
                        false,
                    )
                }
            } else {
                (
                    libc::STDIN_FILENO,
                    is_a_tty(libc::STDIN_FILENO),
                    libc::STDOUT_FILENO,
                    is_a_tty(libc::STDOUT_FILENO),
                    false,
                )
            };
        let unsupported = super::is_unsupported_term();
        let sig = if !unsupported && is_in_a_tty && is_out_a_tty {
            Some(Sig::install_sigwinch_handler()?)
        } else {
            None
        };
        Ok(Self {
            unsupported,
            tty_in,
            is_in_a_tty,
            tty_out,
            is_out_a_tty,
            close_on_drop,
            color_mode,
            grapheme_cluster_mode,
            tab_stop,
            bell_style,
            enable_bracketed_paste,
            raw_mode: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
            pipe_reader: None,
            pipe_writer: None,
            sig,
            enable_signals,
        })
    }

    // Init checks:

    /// Check if current terminal can provide a rich line-editing user
    /// interface.
    fn is_unsupported(&self) -> bool {
        self.unsupported
    }

    fn is_input_tty(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_in_a_tty
    }

    fn is_output_tty(&self) -> bool {
        self.is_out_a_tty
    }

    // Interactive loop:

    fn enable_raw_mode(&mut self) -> Result<(Self::Mode, PosixKeyMap)> {
        use nix::errno::Errno::ENOTTY;
        if !self.is_in_a_tty {
            return Err(ENOTTY.into());
        }
        let (original_mode, key_map) = termios_::enable_raw_mode(self.tty_in, self.enable_signals)?;

        self.raw_mode.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
        // enable bracketed paste
        let out = if !self.enable_bracketed_paste {
            None
        } else if let Err(e) = write_all(self.tty_out, BRACKETED_PASTE_ON) {
            debug!(target: "rustyline", "Cannot enable bracketed paste: {}", e);
            None
        } else {
            Some(self.tty_out)
        };

        // when all ExternalPrinter are dropped there is no need to use `pipe_reader`
        if Arc::strong_count(&self.raw_mode) == 1 {
            self.pipe_writer = None;
            self.pipe_reader = None;
        }

        Ok((
            PosixMode {
                termios: original_mode,
                tty_in: self.tty_in,
                tty_out: out,
                raw_mode: self.raw_mode.clone(),
            },
            key_map,
        ))
    }

    /// Create a RAW reader
    fn create_reader(
        &self,
        buffer: Option<PosixBuffer>,
        config: &Config,
        key_map: PosixKeyMap,
    ) -> PosixRawReader {
        PosixRawReader::new(
            self.tty_in,
            self.sig.as_ref().map(|s| s.pipe),
            buffer,
            config,
            key_map,
            self.pipe_reader.clone(),
            #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
            self.close_on_drop,
        )
    }

    fn create_writer(&self) -> PosixRenderer {
        PosixRenderer::new(
            self.tty_out,
            Unit::from(self.tab_stop),
            self.colors_enabled(),
            self.grapheme_cluster_mode,
            self.bell_style,
        )
    }

    fn writeln(&self) -> Result<()> {
        write_all(self.tty_out, "\n")?;
        Ok(())
    }

    fn create_external_printer(&mut self) -> Result<ExternalPrinter> {
        use nix::unistd::pipe;
        if let Some(ref writer) = self.pipe_writer {
            return Ok(ExternalPrinter {
                writer: writer.clone(),
                raw_mode: self.raw_mode.clone(),
                tty_out: self.tty_out,
            });
        }
        if self.unsupported || !self.is_input_tty() || !self.is_output_tty() {
            return Err(nix::Error::ENOTTY.into());
        }
        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::sync_channel(1); // TODO validate: bound
        let (r, w) = pipe()?;
        let reader = Arc::new(Mutex::new((r.into(), receiver)));
        let writer = (Arc::new(Mutex::new(w.into())), sender);
        self.pipe_reader.replace(reader);
        self.pipe_writer.replace(writer.clone());
        Ok(ExternalPrinter {
            writer,
            raw_mode: self.raw_mode.clone(),
            tty_out: self.tty_out,
        })
    }

    fn set_cursor_visibility(&mut self, visible: bool) -> Result<Option<PosixCursorGuard>> {
        if self.is_out_a_tty {
            set_cursor_visibility(self.tty_out, visible)
        } else {
            Ok(None)
        }
    }
}

#[expect(unused_must_use)]
impl Drop for PosixTerminal {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if self.close_on_drop {
            close(self.tty_in);
            debug_assert_eq!(self.tty_in, self.tty_out);
        }
        if let Some(sig) = self.sig.take() {
            sig.uninstall_sigwinch_handler();
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct ExternalPrinter {
    writer: PipeWriter,
    raw_mode: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    tty_out: RawFd,
}

impl super::ExternalPrinter for ExternalPrinter {
    fn print(&mut self, msg: String) -> Result<()> {
        // write directly to stdout/stderr while not in raw mode
        if !self.raw_mode.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
            write_all(self.tty_out, msg.as_str())?;
        } else if let Ok(mut writer) = self.writer.0.lock() {
            self.writer
                .1
                .send(msg)
                .map_err(|_| io::Error::from(ErrorKind::Other))?; // FIXME
            writer.write_all(b"m")?;
            writer.flush()?;
        } else {
            return Err(io::Error::from(ErrorKind::Other).into()); // FIXME
        }
        Ok(())
    }
}

#[cfg(not(test))]
pub fn suspend() -> Result<()> {
    use nix::sys::signal;
    use nix::unistd::Pid;
    // suspend the whole process group
    signal::kill(Pid::from_raw(0), signal::SIGTSTP)?;
    Ok(())
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "termios"))]
mod termios_ {
    use super::PosixKeyMap;
    use crate::keys::{KeyEvent, Modifiers as M};
    use crate::{Cmd, Result};
    use nix::sys::termios::{self, SetArg, SpecialCharacterIndices as SCI, Termios};
    use std::collections::HashMap;
    use std::os::unix::io::{BorrowedFd, RawFd};
    pub fn disable_raw_mode(tty_in: RawFd, termios: &Termios) -> Result<()> {
        let fd = unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(tty_in) };
        Ok(termios::tcsetattr(fd, SetArg::TCSADRAIN, termios)?)
    }
    pub fn enable_raw_mode(tty_in: RawFd, enable_signals: bool) -> Result<(Termios, PosixKeyMap)> {
        use nix::sys::termios::{ControlFlags, InputFlags, LocalFlags};

        let fd = unsafe { BorrowedFd::borrow_raw(tty_in) };
        let original_mode = termios::tcgetattr(fd)?;
        let mut raw = original_mode.clone();
        // disable BREAK interrupt, CR to NL conversion on input,
        // input parity check, strip high bit (bit 8), output flow control
        raw.input_flags &= !(InputFlags::BRKINT
            | InputFlags::ICRNL
            | InputFlags::INPCK
            | InputFlags::ISTRIP
            | InputFlags::IXON);
        // we don't want raw output, it turns newlines into straight line feeds
        // disable all output processing
        // raw.c_oflag = raw.c_oflag & !(OutputFlags::OPOST);

        // character-size mark (8 bits)
        raw.control_flags |= ControlFlags::CS8;
        // disable echoing, canonical mode, extended input processing and signals
        raw.local_flags &=
            !(LocalFlags::ECHO | LocalFlags::ICANON | LocalFlags::IEXTEN | LocalFlags::ISIG);

        if enable_signals {
            raw.local_flags |= LocalFlags::ISIG;
        }

        raw.control_chars[SCI::VMIN as usize] = 1; // One character-at-a-time input
        raw.control_chars[SCI::VTIME as usize] = 0; // with blocking read

        let mut key_map: HashMap<KeyEvent, Cmd> = HashMap::with_capacity(4);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, SCI::VEOF, "VEOF", Cmd::EndOfFile);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, SCI::VINTR, "VINTR", Cmd::Interrupt);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, SCI::VQUIT, "VQUIT", Cmd::Interrupt);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, SCI::VSUSP, "VSUSP", Cmd::Suspend);

        termios::tcsetattr(fd, SetArg::TCSADRAIN, &raw)?;
        Ok((original_mode, key_map))
    }
    fn map_key(
        key_map: &mut HashMap<KeyEvent, Cmd>,
        raw: &Termios,
        index: SCI,
        name: &str,
        cmd: Cmd,
    ) {
        let cc = char::from(raw.control_chars[index as usize]);
        let key = KeyEvent::new(cc, M::NONE);
        log::debug!(target: "rustyline", "{}: {:?}", name, key);
        key_map.insert(key, cmd);
    }
}
#[cfg(feature = "termios")]
mod termios_ {
    use super::PosixKeyMap;
    use crate::keys::{KeyEvent, Modifiers as M};
    use crate::{Cmd, Result};
    use std::collections::HashMap;
    use std::os::unix::io::RawFd;
    use termios::{self, Termios};
    pub fn disable_raw_mode(tty_in: RawFd, termios: &Termios) -> Result<()> {
        Ok(termios::tcsetattr(tty_in, termios::TCSADRAIN, termios)?)
    }
    pub fn enable_raw_mode(tty_in: RawFd, enable_signals: bool) -> Result<(Termios, PosixKeyMap)> {
        let original_mode = Termios::from_fd(tty_in)?;
        let mut raw = original_mode;
        // disable BREAK interrupt, CR to NL conversion on input,
        // input parity check, strip high bit (bit 8), output flow control
        raw.c_iflag &=
            !(termios::BRKINT | termios::ICRNL | termios::INPCK | termios::ISTRIP | termios::IXON);
        // we don't want raw output, it turns newlines into straight line feeds
        // disable all output processing
        // raw.c_oflag = raw.c_oflag & !(OutputFlags::OPOST);

        // character-size mark (8 bits)
        raw.c_cflag |= termios::CS8;
        // disable echoing, canonical mode, extended input processing and signals
        raw.c_lflag &= !(termios::ECHO | termios::ICANON | termios::IEXTEN | termios::ISIG);

        if enable_signals {
            raw.c_lflag |= termios::ISIG;
        }

        raw.c_cc[termios::VMIN] = 1; // One character-at-a-time input
        raw.c_cc[termios::VTIME] = 0; // with blocking read

        let mut key_map: HashMap<KeyEvent, Cmd> = HashMap::with_capacity(4);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, termios::VEOF, "VEOF", Cmd::EndOfFile);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, termios::VINTR, "VINTR", Cmd::Interrupt);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, termios::VQUIT, "VQUIT", Cmd::Interrupt);
        map_key(&mut key_map, &raw, termios::VSUSP, "VSUSP", Cmd::Suspend);

        termios::tcsetattr(tty_in, termios::TCSADRAIN, &raw)?;
        Ok((original_mode, key_map))
    }
    fn map_key(
        key_map: &mut HashMap<KeyEvent, Cmd>,
        raw: &Termios,
        index: usize,
        name: &str,
        cmd: Cmd,
    ) {
        let cc = char::from(raw.c_cc[index]);
        let key = KeyEvent::new(cc, M::NONE);
        log::debug!(target: "rustyline", "{}: {:?}", name, key);
        key_map.insert(key, cmd);
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod test {
    use super::{Position, PosixRenderer, PosixTerminal, Renderer};
    use crate::config::BellStyle;
    use crate::layout::GraphemeClusterMode;
    use crate::line_buffer::{LineBuffer, NoListener};

    #[test]
    #[ignore]
    fn prompt_with_ansi_escape_codes() {
        let out = PosixRenderer::new(
            libc::STDOUT_FILENO,
            4,
            true,
            GraphemeClusterMode::default(),
            BellStyle::default(),
        );
        let pos = out.calculate_position("\x1b[1;32m>>\x1b[0m ", Position::default());
        assert_eq!(3, pos.col);
        assert_eq!(0, pos.row);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_send() {
        fn assert_send<T: Send>() {}
        assert_send::<PosixTerminal>();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_sync() {
        fn assert_sync<T: Sync>() {}
        assert_sync::<PosixTerminal>();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_line_wrap() {
        let mut out = PosixRenderer::new(
            libc::STDOUT_FILENO,
            4,
            true,
            GraphemeClusterMode::default(),
            BellStyle::default(),
        );
        let prompt = "> ";
        let default_prompt = true;
        let prompt_size = out.calculate_position(prompt, Position::default());

        let mut line = LineBuffer::init("", 0);
        let old_layout = out.compute_layout(prompt_size, default_prompt, &line, None);
        assert_eq!(Position { col: 2, row: 0 }, old_layout.cursor);
        assert_eq!(old_layout.cursor, old_layout.end);

        assert_eq!(
            Some(true),
            line.insert('a', out.cols - prompt_size.col + 1, &mut NoListener)
        );
        let new_layout = out.compute_layout(prompt_size, default_prompt, &line, None);
        assert_eq!(Position { col: 1, row: 1 }, new_layout.cursor);
        assert_eq!(new_layout.cursor, new_layout.end);
        out.refresh_line(prompt, &line, None, &old_layout, &new_layout, None)
            .unwrap();
        #[rustfmt::skip]
        assert_eq!(
            "\r\u{1b}[K> aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa\r\u{1b}[1C",
            out.buffer
        );
    }
}