-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
Copy pathChildrens Health.html
576 lines (500 loc) · 54.9 KB
/
Childrens Health.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Health Data Dashboard</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;700;900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<style>
:root {
--primary-color: #4a69bd;
--text-color: #333;
--shadow-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
--shadow-hover-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
--link-color: #4a69bd;
--link-hover-color: #3b4a8a;
--btn-primary: #5a7fdb;
--btn-hover: #4869b4;
}
body {
font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: var(--background-color);
color: var(--text-color);
line-height: 1.6;
}
.header {
background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--btn-primary)); /* Gradient header */
color: #fff;
padding: 15px 20px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 28px;
font-weight: 700;
box-shadow: 0 2px 10px var(--shadow-color);
}
.container {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
padding: 20px;
justify-content: space-around;
gap: 20px; /* Ensures consistent spacing between elements */
}
.information {
flex: 1 1 300px;
background: var(--info-background-color);
box-shadow: 0 4px 6px var(--shadow-color);
border-radius: 8px;
padding: 20px;
transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
color: var(--text-color); /* Default text color */
position: relative; /* For pseudo-element positioning */
font-size: 1.2rem; /* Larger font size for better readability */
font-weight: 700; /* Bolder text for more pop */
}
.information h2 {
font-size: 2rem; /* Increase size for headings */
color: var(--primary-color); /* Use the primary color for headings */
margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
font-weight: 900;
}
.information p {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
text-align: justify;
line-height: 1.8;
font-weight: bold; /* Add this line to make the text bold */
}
.information strong {
color: var(--primary-color);
font-weight: 900; /* Even bolder for strong tags */
}
.information .highlight {
background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,0), rgba(246, 229, 141, 0.4), rgba(255,255,255,0));
padding: 10px;
border-radius: 5px; /* Rounded corners for the highlight */
margin: 10px -20px; /* Extend highlight to the edges */
box-shadow: inset 0 0 8px rgba(246, 229, 141, 0.5); /* Inner shadow for depth */
}
.information::before,
.information::after {
content: '"';
font-size: 3rem; /* Large quote marks */
color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1); /* Light quote marks */
position: absolute;
}
.information::before {
top: 10px;
left: 10px;
}
.information::after {
bottom: 10px;
right: 10px;
}
.graph {
width: calc(100% - 40px);
margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.tableauPlaceholder {
height: auto;
position: relative;
min-height: 700px;
}
.hamburger-menu {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 15px;
left: 20px;
cursor: pointer;
z-index: 1000;
}
.menu-line {
width: 30px;
height: 3px;
background-color: #fff;
margin: 5px 0;
transition: transform 0.2s;
}
.menu-open .menu-line:nth-child(1) {
transform: translateY(9px) rotate(45deg);
}
.menu-open .menu-line:nth-child(2) {
opacity: 0;
}
.menu-open .menu-line:nth-child(3) {
transform: translateY(-9px) rotate(-45deg);
}
a {
color: var(--link-color);
text-decoration: none;
transition: color 0.3s;
}
a:hover {
color: var(--link-hover-color);
text-decoration: underline;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
.container {
flex-direction: column;
}
.hamburger-menu {
display: block;
}
.information, .graph {
width: 100%;
margin: 0 0 20px 0;
}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="header">
World Data Dashboard
<div class="hamburger-menu" onclick="toggleMenu()">
<div class="menu-line"></div>
<div class="menu-line"></div>
<div class="menu-line"></div>
</div>
</div>
<svg class="donut-chart-link" width="100" height="100" viewBox="0 0 42 42">
<a xlink:href="demo.html" target="_blank">
<circle class="donut-hole" cx="21" cy="21" r="15.91549430918954" fill="#4a69bd"></circle>
<circle class="donut-segment yellow-segment" cx="21" cy="21" r="15.91549430918954" fill="transparent" stroke="yellow" stroke-width="5" stroke-dasharray="25 75" stroke-dashoffset="100"></circle>
<circle class="donut-segment green-segment" cx="21" cy="21" r="15.91549430918954" fill="transparent" stroke="green" stroke-width="5" stroke-dasharray="25 75" stroke-dashoffset="75"></circle>
<circle class="donut-segment blue-segment" cx="21" cy="21" r="15.91549430918954" fill="transparent" stroke="blue" stroke-width="5" stroke-dasharray="25 75" stroke-dashoffset="50"></circle>
<circle class="donut-segment red-segment" cx="21" cy="21" r="15.91549430918954" fill="transparent" stroke="red" stroke-width="5" stroke-dasharray="25 75" stroke-dashoffset="25"></circle>
<text x="50%" y="50%" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" dy=".3em" font-size="10">ALL</text>
</svg>
<div class="information">
<h2>INTERACTIVE WORLD MAP</h2>
<p>
An extensive look at many child health indicators for various nations is offered by this interactive global map visualisation. By modifying the filters located on the right side of the map, viewers have the ability to investigate an array of data points. A variety of indicators are available for selection, including HIV statistics, the frequency of underweight or overweight children, immunisation rates, and anaemia in children. You can narrow down the data to just show data from that year by selecting it, and you can define criteria for the data to be shown by dragging the average value slider. Additionally, you may utilise the country name option to highlight one or more nations for a targeted comparison, or you can click on individual countries to see their unique statistics. With the use of this tool, you may personalise the view to look at and contrast various child health outcomes from across the globe.
<p>
<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1713103769303' style='position: relative'>
<noscript>
<a href='#'>
<img alt='Dashboard 1' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Eu/EuropeChildWorldMapMain/Dashboard1/1_rss.png' style='border: none' />
</a>
</noscript>
<object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'>
<param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' />
<param name='embed_code_version' value='3' />
<param name='site_root' value='' />
<param name='name' value='EuropeChildWorldMapMain/Dashboard1' />
<param name='tabs' value='no' />
<param name='toolbar' value='yes' />
<param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/Eu/EuropeChildWorldMapMain/Dashboard1/1.png' />
<param name='animate_transition' value='yes' />
<param name='display_static_image' value='yes' />
<param name='display_spinner' value='yes' />
<param name='display_overlay' value='yes' />
<param name='display_count' value='yes' />
<param name='language' value='en-GB' />
</object>
</div>
<script type='text/javascript'>
var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1713103769303');
var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];
if (divElement.offsetWidth > 800) {
vizElement.style.width = '2200px';
vizElement.style.height = '1227px';
} else if (divElement.offsetWidth > 500) {
vizElement.style.width = '2200px';
vizElement.style.height = '1227px';
} else {
vizElement.style.width = '100%';
vizElement.style.height = '727px';
}
var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');
scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';
vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);
</script>
</div >
<div class="information">
<h2>Children's Health Graphs In Europe</h2>
<p>
<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1712605907436' style="width: 100%; height: 700px;">
<noscript><a href='#'><img alt=' ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/wo/world_17126058276380/DiseaseChildrenDPT/1_rss.png' style='border: none' /></a></noscript>
<object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'>
<param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' />
<param name='embed_code_version' value='3' />
<param name='site_root' value='' />
<param name='name' value='world_17126058276380/DiseaseChildrenDPT' />
<param name='tabs' value='yes' />
<param name='toolbar' value='yes' />
<param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/wo/world_17126058276380/DiseaseChildrenDPT/1.png' />
<param name='animate_transition' value='yes' />
<param name='display_static_image' value='yes' />
<param name='display_spinner' value='yes' />
<param name='display_overlay' value='yes' />
<param name='display_count' value='yes' />
<param name='language' value='en-GB' />
</object>
</div>
<!-- Additional graphs can be added here -->
</div>
</div >
<div class="container">
<div class="information">
<h2>Information/Analysis :</h2>
<p>
Welcome to my interactive data visualisation website, which focuses on European trends and patterns in child health. In order to provide you with informative graphic representations of the major health indicators impacting children in this area, I have dug into extensive databases. From illness incidence and healthcare access to vaccination rates and nutritional statuses, my visualisations cover a wide spectrum of data.
By use of these visual aids, my objective is to provide insight into the present condition of paediatric healthcare in Europe, accentuating advancements in some domains while pinpointing obstacles in others. Each map, chart, and graph has been carefully developed to provide precise, comprehensible, and transparent insights into the many aspects of child health.
Since my data comes from reputable global data archives, every piece of information I give is current and pertinent. You will have a thorough grasp of the health issues impacting the younger generation in Europe as you work your way through the visualisations, which will provide the groundwork for thoughtful debate, the formulation of public policy, and advocacy initiatives.
</p>
<h2>Immunization of DPT in Children:</h2>
<p>
General Trend Analysis: I have seen that most European nations continue to have high DPT immunisation rates which are often over 80% as seen in my visualisation, which covers the years 1978 to around 2016. This shows how well the continent's robust public health system is and dedication to children vaccination campaigns.
Notes on Fluctuations: I can see some notable variations in the vaccination rates for various countries. Sharp drops in certain years followed by quick recoveries and point to possible causes such as changes in public health situations, policy changes at the federal level, or even discrepancies in the way immunisation data was collected in those years.
Reasons for Peaks: Increased public awareness as well as effective public health campaigns, and improved accessibility and effectiveness of healthcare services are probably the causes of the immunisation rates' peaks. When communities and health systems work together, it's a sign of progress after low percentages.
Reasons for Lows: The lows may indicate a number of problems, such as shortages of vaccinations, changes in policy, a decline in public confidence in vaccines, financial pressures on the healthcare industry, or disease outbreaks that impose burden on health systems.
</p>
<p>
Personal Notes on Immunisation patterns: The data I analysed shows a variety of patterns in the coverage of DPT vaccination in Europe. The majority of nations have high immunisation rates, often at 90% or above. With rates of almost 98% and 97%, respectively, Belgium and Sweden, for example, stand out. France, Norway, and Latvia all show strong coverage in the mid-to high-90% range. However, certain countries exhibit variations that may be attributable to problems with data, infrastructure, trust, or economics
<a href="https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/19-07-2023-european-region-achieves-high-routine-immunization-coverage--but-falls-short-of-pre-pandemic-levels" target="_blank">(WHO)</a>,
<a href="https://www.unicef.org/eca/reports/sowc2023-eca" target="_blank">(UNICEF)</a>,
<a href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/immunization-against-preventable-disease-the-highest-rates-of-youth-vaccination-worldwide.html" target="_blank">(WorldAtlas)</a>.
</p>
<p>
Historical Initiatives and Fluctuations: Looking back at the first few years of my dataset, it makes sense to see lower rates of coverage since the WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunisation began in 1974 and was progressively implemented in a number of different nations. The upward trends over time probably reflect the effectiveness of worldwide immunisation campaigns, but the changes in subsequent years suggest more complex socio-political consequences.
</p>
<p>
Predicting Beyond the Dataset: Although my dataset ends in 2016, I believe that the trend of increasing immunisation rates will mostly continue, with sporadic dips, based on global health trends and publicly accessible data from reliable sources. For example, given comparable events around the world (UNICEF), it is conceivable that Kyrgyzstan saw a decline in DPT3 coverage as a result of vaccination reluctance sparked by false information.
<a href="https://www.unicef.org/eca/reports/sowc2023-eca" target="_blank">(UNICEF)</a>.
</p>
<p>
Possible Pandemic Effect on Forecasting: In addition, I predict that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had a major effect, resulting in disruptions that may show up in subsequent data sets as a brief drop in regular immunisation rates. By 2022, efforts are expected to be made to restore coverage levels to those before the epidemic, in line with the global health goals.
<a href="https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/immunization-coverage" target="_blank">(WHO)</a>.
</p>
<h2>Immunization of Measles in Children :</h2>
<p>
The measles immunization visualization for Europe that tracks data from 1978 to 2016 visually shows the difficulties and achievements in public health across the years. Following the measles vaccine's release in the early 1960s, immunization campaigns were launched throughout Europe. The <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/a-brief-history-of-vaccination" target="_blank">World Health Organization's (WHO)</a> Expanded Programme on Immunisation, which then focused on illnesses like measles in 1974, strengthened these initiatives.
Despite these efforts, measles continued to spread and was infectious, which led to recurrent outbreaks, especially among communities who had not received vaccinations. The graph shows variations in reaction to these outbreaks and the recoveries that followed as a result of public health measures within these spikes and lows. Prior to vaccinations, measles was prevalent across the globe, and according to the WHO's history of the disease, global death rates were dramatically lowered by the creation of the vaccine and its broad use as a result the community health advancements contributed to this decline <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/history-of-vaccination/history-of-measles-vaccination" target="_blank">(WHO)</a>.
</p>
<p>
According to WHO data, the eradication of measles was confirmed in 37 European nations by 2017, demonstrating the efficacy of long-term immunization programmes. However, difficulties with regular vaccination coverage—often brought about by poor coverage among marginalized groups or at subnational levels—created immunity gaps and aided in the spread of epidemics. Due to these inadequacies, major outbreaks continued to occur in various European nations by the late 2010s, even with high vaccination rates <a href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2019-DON140" target="_blank">(WHO)</a>.
The dataset used in the visualization not only illustrates the effectiveness of immunization campaigns in lowering the prevalence of measles but also highlights the vital need for adopting complete and consistent immunization protocols in order to avert a comeback. The graph's visual fluctuations, which show regular declines and recoveries, draw attention to the continuing fight against measles and emphasize how important it is to keep public health systems robust in order to guarantee high vaccination rates and herd immunity.
</p>
<h2> Prevalence of overweight Children :</h2>
<p>
I've collected data on how common it is for kids under 5 in different European countries to be overweight. When I look at it, I see a complicated fabric that shows different national trends.
</p>
<p>
In Albania, the rate went from 9.5% in 1997 to 30% in 2000, which was a big jump. It then went down a bit to 23.4% by 2009. This big rise could mean that kids are sleeping less or that their eating habits have changed, which is making them less active.
</p>
<p>
The numbers for Montenegro show a rise from 15.6% in 2005 to 22.3% in 2013. This worries me because it means it will be harder for young kids to stay at healthy weights.
</p>
<p>
From 16.3% in 2000 to 25.6% in 2006, the rate of occurrence rose in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was a worrying sign. It then went down to 17.4% by 2012. The drop could mean that successful steps are being taken to deal with the problem.
</p>
<p>
In FYR Macedonia, I saw a rapid rise from 7.9% in 2004 to 16.2% in 2005, then a drop to 12.4% by 2011. The sudden rise and then drop could be due to the arrival of bad food choices followed by good public health reactions, or it could be because of changes in how the data was collected.
</p>
<p>
The fact that the rate in Moldova dropped from 9.1% in 2005 to 4.9% in 2012 gives me hope that actions are working, maybe ones that focus on eating and exercise.
</p>
<p>
In 2000, the incidence rate in Ukraine was 26.5%, which is one of the highest rates I've seen. This shows that public health needed a lot of attention at that time.
</p>
<p>
In 2004, 13.6% of people in Bulgaria had the disease. This is lower than the rate in Ukraine, which may be because of different eating habits or national health policies.
</p>
<p>
In 2005, Belarus had a lower rate of 9.7%, which could mean that conditions at the time were good for kids to stay at a healthy weight.
</p>
<p>
Lastly, Italy's 7.1% rate in 1976 isn't very high, which suggests that the health policies or ways of life at that time were good for kids' health.
</p>
<p>
Overall, these findings show that Europe has different levels of success when it comes to controlling children's health. Some countries have good control, while others have big problems. These numbers make it clear to me how important it is to keep looking into the things that affect kids' eating and exercise levels, as well as the need for focused methods to stop the rise in overweight and obese kids.
</p>
<p>
Several studies have shown that the number of overweight and obese children in Europe is growing. The rates are higher in some countries than others. According to a study from WHO Europe, there are still a lot of people in the European Region who are overweight or obese. In fact, a new WHO report on obesity in Europe that came out in 2023 said that about one-third of kids in elementary school are either obese or overweight (<a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/05/1136547" target="_blank">UN News</a>).
</p>
<p>
Childhood obesity is common for a number of reasons, including living in places that make it hard to live a healthy life, like places that don't offer many healthy food options or chances to be active. The WHO Regional Director for Europe (<a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/05/1136547" target="_blank">UN News</a>) says this is one of the main reasons why so many people are overweight. Another thing that has been linked to overweight and obesity numbers is the level of education. Higher levels of schooling are linked to lower rates of being overweight in women. This is true in all EU Member States (<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Overweight_and_obesity_-_BMI_statistics" target="_blank">European Commission</a>).
</p>
<p>
Based on these bigger trends, any highs or lows in your visualization could be due to changes in policies, health programs, or even culture shifts within each country that have affected the amount of nutrition and physical movement kids get over the years. To give you an example, policies that try to lower the amount of sugar kids eat or campaigns that try to get kids to be more active could lower the number of overweight kids. On the other hand, if the economy gets worse or public health programs are cut, these numbers might go up.
</p>
<h2> Prevalence of Wasting in Children :</h2>
<p>
Reflecting on the prevalence of wasting among children under 5 in various European countries, I have discerned several noteworthy trends from the data points provided. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, I noticed a substantial improvement, with the prevalence of wasting decreasing from 7.4% in 2000 to 2.3% in 2012. This suggests a positive trend, which might be attributed to effective health and nutrition programs. Conversely, in Bulgaria, the rate was at 3.2% in 2004. Compared to its neighboring countries, Bulgaria's lower prevalence indicates more favorable conditions for child health.
</p>
<p>
Belarus also showed a promising figure with a prevalence of 2.2% in 2005, a low rate that instills confidence in the country’s ability to support the health of its young population through sound nutrition and healthcare strategies. Germany stands out with an exceptionally low rate of 1.0% in 2005, indicative of a robust healthcare system and effective child welfare programs. Such a benchmark is heartening and sets a standard for others to follow.
</p>
<p>
Observations in Montenegro revealed an increase from 4.2% in 2005 to 2.8% in 2013. Although there is an increase, the rates are not alarming and suggest that health policies may be effectively addressing child nutrition, with the caveat that vigilance is needed to ensure continued progress. Serbia’s data showed a slight reduction from 4.5% in 2005 to 3.9% in 2014, indicating that efforts to combat child malnutrition are having a positive impact, albeit modestly.
</p>
<p>
Albania presented a more fluctuating scenario, with an upward trend from 8.1% in 1997 to 12.2% in 2000, followed by a decrease and another rise by 2009, pointing to the need for consistent and sustainable interventions to prevent fluctuations in child health outcomes. Macedonia, FYR, showed relative stability in wasting prevalence, with only a slight increase from 1.7% in 1999 to 1.8% in 2011. This stability is reassuring, yet it underscores the necessity for continuous monitoring to maintain and improve upon these rates.
</p>
<p>
These analyses highlight the importance of country-specific solutions to address child malnutrition. Public health initiatives must be tailored to meet the unique challenges each country faces, considering the various factors that contribute to child health and nutrition. It is crucial to sustain efforts and adapt strategies to ensure the well-being of children under 5 across Europe.
</p>
<h2> Prevalence of Underweight Children :</h2>
<p>
When I explore the historical distribution of underweight among children under five, the data from different European nations provide a nuanced but compelling picture. Underweight children were substantially underrepresented in Italy and the United Kingdom in the mid-1970s, with prevalence rates of 1.3% and 1.9%, respectively. This indicates to me that both nations were able to sustain comparatively high levels of child feeding even in the wake of the post-war economic downturn, presumably as a result of the advancement of social services and healthcare systems at this time. The Netherlands had a somewhat higher 1.6% incidence by 1980, but this still shows that there is a robust public health system in place to promote child health. It implies that the Dutch healthcare system kept its youngest people safe even in the face of the economic changes of the late 1970s.
</p>
<p>
The story is quite different when looking at statistics from Albania, which shows a spike from 7.1% in 1997 to 17% in 2000, followed by swings that eventually reached 9.4% in 2009. This may be a result of the nation's turbulent exit from the communist era, with all the ensuing economic turmoil impacting food security and healthcare and raising the prevalence of underweight children. By 2002, Romania's share had also increased from 5% in 1991 to 3.5%. Romania underwent a dramatic transformation in the early 1990s, moving from a closed communist system to a market economy. This upheaval probably had an immediate effect on public health. The modest incidence of 2.3% in Hungary in 1984 may have resulted from more gradual political and economic changes in comparison to its Balkan counterparts. The continuously low rates of 0.5% and 1.2% in the mid-1990s for Croatia indicate a post-independence state of child health that is comparatively steady.
</p>
<p>
In the case of Ukraine, the rate of 8.2% in 2000 and the startling decline to 0.3% in 2002 suggest that things may have improved in terms of healthcare and the economy, or that data collection and reporting practices may have changed. With rates averaging 1.6% and 1.3% in the middle of the 2000s, respectively, Bulgaria and Belarus indicate to me that throughout this time, public health and child nutrition initiatives were probably having a beneficial effect. After gaining independence and going through the first several years of developing a new national healthcare system, Montenegro's percentage of children under five died significantly, from 2.2% in 2005 to 1% in 2013. This suggests improvements in child nutrition and healthcare. Ultimately, Serbia had a little decline in rates from 4.5% in 2005 to 3.9% in 2014. This shows considerable success against child hunger despite the political and economic turmoil that followed the breakup of Yugoslavia.
</p>
<h2> Prevalence of Stunting of Children :</h2>
<p>
Upon analysis of the data pertaining to the incidence of stunting in children under five in many European nations, distinct difficulties and past health effects are revealed by the patterns. It was shown that in 1976, the frequency of stunting was 4.3% in Italy and 3.9% in the United Kingdom. The advantages of well-established healthcare and nutrition programmes in post-World War II Western Europe may be reflected in these very low percentages. Hungary's 3.3% stunting rate in 1984 suggests that the nation had acceptable control over child health difficulties at the time, which maybe would be as a result of its moderate economic and social policies in the later stages of the Cold War.
</p>
<p>
Albania showed an alarming rise from 7.1% in 1997 to a high of 39.2% in 2000, as the visualisation made clear. This may be related to the nation's political and economic unrest after the fall of the communist government, which caused problems with food security and health care. In 2006, stunting rates in Bosnia and Herzegovina reached a noteworthy 11.8%. This might be attributed to the post-conflict recovery period and the ensuing difficulties in reconstructing public health infrastructure. However, by 2012, there had been a noticeable improvement, with the percentage falling to 8.9%. These trends may be a reflection of the health and economic transitions that followed communism in Eastern European nations such as the Czech Republic (rates of 3.1% in 1991 and 2.6% in 2001) and Macedonia (rates of 8% in 1999 and 1.2% in 2004). In these countries, the initial obstacles were progressively addressed through reforms and international assistance.
</p>
<p>
Stunting in Montenegro decreased from 7.9% in 2005 to 1% in 2013. This is a promising trend that may be a sign of the health programmes' effective implementation after independence. Romania's statistics, which show a decline from 11.2% in 1991 to 3.5% in 2002, also point to gains in child health and nutrition this may be as a consequence of the nation's efforts to strengthen its public health systems and integrate into the European Union. Croatia's 1996 drop in child malnutrition from 1.4% to 0.5% suggests a successful strategy which may have been aided by the country's EU membership and consequent social and health spending.
</p>
<p>
These trends highlight how public health regulations, foreign assistance, and wide socioeconomic shifts all affect the health of children. The influence of political and economic shifts on stunting is most evident in the post-communist countries, while statistics from Western Europe demonstrate the long-term advantages of stable health systems and sufficient nutrition. In order to address the underlying causes of stunting and ensure the health of future generations, it is imperative to comprehend these historical settings.
</p>
<h2> Prevalence of Anemia In Children :</h2>
<p>
The patterns I've seen in the incidence of anaemia in children across many European nations till 2016 seem to be indicative of a larger worldwide pattern of anaemia that is impacted by issues relating to nutrition, the economy, and health. Anaemia has historically been associated with a high health burden, especially for women and children. Iron deficiency is the most prevalent cause of anaemia globally, affecting cognitive function and causing a variety of symptoms including weariness and weakness that may negatively affect a child's development and general well-being.
</p>
<p>
These patterns may be partly explained by dietary differences and healthcare availability in Europe. There may have been a decrease in anaemia rates as a result of advancements made in these fields, particularly in Western Europe. On the other hand, areas that have financial difficulties or limited access to healthcare may see greater rates. The worldwide decline in the incidence of anaemia between 1990 and 2010, which was somewhat more pronounced for men than for women, raises the possibility that improving socioeconomic circumstances and public health campaigns were involved. Though there were more notable declines in anaemia in East, Southeast, and South Asia, the prevalence of anaemia remained high in places like South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
</p>
<p>
It is necessary to take into account both direct causes, such as dietary deficits, and indirect ones, such as infections that might induce anaemia, in order to fully comprehend the particular variables influencing the prevalence of anaemia in children. For instance, the risk of anaemia might be raised by diseases like schistosomiasis and malaria. Furthermore, anaemia may also result from chronic renal disease, which has been seen to be becoming more common.
</p>
<p>
Lower socioeconomic level groups often have greater rates of anaemia, which is associated with increased anaemia burdens in such communities. The correlation between socioeconomic position and health outcomes highlights the significance of all-encompassing public health approaches that tackle not just the dietary aspects but also more general variables such as poverty, education, and healthcare accessibility.
</p>
<h2> Children (0-14) living with HIV :</h2>
<p>
The graphic representation of HIV trends in children in Moldova and Ukraine offers a clear picture of the effects of the pandemic over a number of years. The graph, which began at a low point in the late 1980s and has an alarming upward trend in the early 1990s, reflects the wider spread of HIV after the first epidemics. A number of reasons, including social and political unrest after the fall of the Soviet Union, may have contributed to the sharp rise in HIV diagnoses in the 2000s, weakening healthcare systems and making people more susceptible to the virus. Looking further into the statistics, I see that there is a more noticeable rise in HIV-positive youngsters in Ukraine than in Moldova. This may be related to the higher population size, variations in the adult population's HIV prevalence, and the efficacy of interventions aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission.
</p>
<p>
When looking at individual years, there seems to be a spike in numbers around the year 2000. A number of causes, including elevated rates of transmission from intravenous drug use and limited availability of antiretroviral therapies in Eastern Europe during this time, might be responsible for this spike. Economic difficulties and a spike in migration may possibly have contributed to the increase in instances, because those travelling abroad in search of employment may have participated in hazardous activities or lacked access to resources for prevention and treatment. When harm reduction programmes were implemented in Ukraine by the middle of the 2000s, opinions on substitution treatment and drugs like methadone and buprenorphine were varied in society and politics. Notwithstanding these efforts, supply constraints and allegations of theft within the health ministry presented noteworthy obstacles to the efficient handling of the issue.
</p>
<p>
It is essential to acknowledge the impact of global assistance on the response to HIV. The provision of preventative and treatment services in these nations has been made possible in large part by international grants and organisations. The statistics could be a reflection of these global initiatives since we can see certain times when the number of cases increases steadily or at a slower pace, suggesting that these initiatives are working. HIV services have suffered greatly as a result of the regional wars, especially the War in Donbass in Ukraine. Due to the disruption brought on by the conflict and the separatist authorities' restriction on methadone and substitution treatment in Donetsk and Luhansk, a public health emergency has resulted in a large number of HIV/AIDS positive people leaving these locations. The patterns and spikes seen in the graph (Wikipedia) are closely correlated with such political and social upheavals.
</p>
<p>
The story of HIV among children in Moldova and Ukraine is essentially a complicated tapestry made from the strands of shifting sociopolitical conditions, difficulties in the healthcare system, and global relief initiatives. In addition to displaying facts, the data visualisation narrates the human tale behind these numbers, emphasising the need of ongoing assistance and sensible policymaking in order to stop this pandemic.
</p>
<h2> ARI Treatment :</h2>
<p>
I've seen several interesting patterns and differences in ARI therapy that make me wonder about the underlying reasons and consequences. Starting with Albania, there was a notable rise from 83.0% in 2000 to 69.6% in 2009. The initial high proportion indicates that at that time, ARI patients had significant access to healthcare practitioners. However, the ensuing decline to 45.0% by 2005 may be a sign of financial difficulties or changes to healthcare regulations affecting patient access. Conversely, Serbia's treatment rate remained comparatively steady with an astounding 89.7% in 2010, suggesting the strength of Serbia's healthcare system in overseeing children's health. The consistent high proportion points to ongoing healthcare efforts and potentially effective public health programs.
</p>
<p>
In Montenegro, the rate maintained at 89.4% between 2005 and 2010, demonstrating remarkable stability which might reflect the public’s trust in the healthcare system and the consistency of health policy. Moldova’s figures, however, were inconsistent, declining from 78.0% in 2000 to 60.0% in 2005, then rising to 79.2% in 2012. These fluctuations may be related to the political and economic landscape changes impacting healthcare accessibility and service provision.
</p>
<p>
Bosnia and Herzegovina's progress from 80.0% in 2000 to a peak of 91.0% in 2006, followed by a slight decline to 87.0% in 2012, might reflect post-war rebuilding efforts and health system development, with subsequent dips possibly due to healthcare reforms or fiscal constraints impacting service utilization. Meanwhile, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia showed consistent improvement in ARI treatment rates, from 92.7% in 2005 to 93.0% in 2006, indicative of a robust healthcare system and effective public health campaigns.
</p>
<p>
Reflecting on these observations, it becomes evident that public health campaigns, political policies, healthcare access and quality, and economic stability significantly influence the likelihood of children receiving ARI treatment. The patterns in the data underscore how public health initiatives and changes in socio-political contexts critically affect children's health outcomes.
</p>
<div class="graph">
<h2>Graphs Further Analysis</h2>
<div class='tableauPlaceholder' id='viz1712856889555' style='position: relative'>
<noscript>
<a href='#'>
<img alt=' ' src='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/wo/worldfurtheranalysis/DiseaseChildrenDPT/1_rss.png' style='border: none' />
</a>
</noscript>
<object class='tableauViz' style='display:none;'>
<param name='host_url' value='https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.tableau.com%2F' />
<param name='embed_code_version' value='3' />
<param name='site_root' value='' />
<param name='name' value='worldfurtheranalysis/DiseaseChildrenDPT' />
<param name='tabs' value='yes' />
<param name='toolbar' value='yes' />
<param name='static_image' value='https://public.tableau.com/static/images/wo/worldfurtheranalysis/DiseaseChildrenDPT/1.png' />
<param name='animate_transition' value='yes' />
<param name='display_static_image' value='yes' />
<param name='display_spinner' value='yes' />
<param name='display_overlay' value='yes' />
<param name='display_count' value='yes' />
<param name='language' value='en-GB' />
</object>
</div>
<script type='text/javascript'>
var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1712856889555');
var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];
if (vizElement) {
vizElement.style.width = '100%';
vizElement.style.height = (divElement.offsetWidth * 0.75) + 'px';
var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');
scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';
vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);
}
</script>
</div>
<h2>Further Analysis</h2>
<p>
High-income nations: Because of their strong healthcare systems, steady financing, and easy availability to vaccinations, these nations often have stable, high immunisation rates. A decline in these rates may be a sign of problems like supply chain interruptions or vaccination reluctance.
<p>
Upper-middle-income nations: As their economies expand and their healthcare systems advance, they often see increases in immunisation rates. They could, however, encounter instability as a result of alterations in politics, financial crises, or the financing of healthcare. Lower-middle-income nations: As a result of increased access to healthcare, development initiatives, and foreign help, these nations may see significant advances in the future. However, problems with vaccine delivery and storage or unstable economies may have an impact on rates.
Low-income nations: The rate of immunisation progresses more slowly in these nations, which may be attributed to a number of issues including poverty, violence, a lack of infrastructure for healthcare, and restricted access to vaccinations. Global health programmes, however, have the potential to eventually provide considerable gains. Unexpected declines in vaccination rates may be related to particular occurrences such as natural catastrophes, conflicts, or economic penalties that cause disruptions to healthcare systems. Consistent rises may be associated with times of political stability, economic expansion, or the effects of international health programmes like the Vaccine Alliance and Gavi.
When the majority of the population that can be reached has received vaccinations and the remaining unvaccinated populations are more difficult to reach because of logistical, cultural, or financial obstacles, there may be a ceiling effect or vaccine reluctance.
Historical Analysis:
<p>
Examining the introduction of vaccinations, changes in healthcare policy, the function of foreign assistance, and the impact of significant health campaigns are some examples of historical study topics. Because of the WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunisation, immunisation rates rose in several countries in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Higher coverage rates were probably caused by the introduction of the Hib vaccine in the 1990s and the pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccinations in the 2000s. Economic downturns, like the one that occurred in 2008, may result in lower expenditure on healthcare and have a detrimental effect on vaccination rates. In order to provide a precise analysis, each trend would normally be examined in relation to historical occurrences and changes in policy over certain periods. For extensive and contextual data to assist your study, you may want to check databases like the World Bank's World Development Indicators, UNICEF's data warehouse, or the WHO's Global Health Observatory, depending on your particular needs.
I often travel across time in my historical studies, sorting through the occasions that influenced these tendencies. The WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunisation, for example, drove a spike in immunisation rates in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The upward contours of these graphs were further filled in by the introduction of vaccines such as the Hib in the 1990s and later pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines. However, history also reveals darker periods: the 2008 financial crisis, for instance, resulted in a reduction of healthcare budgets, which in turn affected immunisation rates.
<p>
I can observe a drop in anaemia rates when I look at the Prevalence of Anaemia, weight for height (% of children under 5) tables, which may indicate improvements being made globally in the fight against malnutrition and improving access to healthcare. The incidence of anaemia is noticeably lower in high-income nations, most likely due to more stable food systems and access to healthcare. Regarding the middle-class populations, their declining patterns may be consistent with gains in health brought about by efforts to fortify foods or implement dietary treatments.
With reference to the Prevalence of children (0–14) living with HIV in lower-middle-income countries, the upward trend up to the early 2000s may illustrate the alarming expansion of the HIV pandemic prior to the more widely available treatments such as antiretroviral medications. The subsequent trend of plateauing may show the beneficial effects of these medicines and international health initiatives.
<p>
The ARI Treatment (% of children under 5 brought to a health provider) data, which show an abrupt drop followed by a rebound for upper-middle-income nations, are very fascinating. This may represent a time when there was a setback in healthcare access, either as a result of legislative changes or economic difficulty, and then a period of recovery.
It is evident that a variety of causes might have impacted these patterns when I take historical research into account to contextualise these tendencies. Global health programmes, economic policies, and other socio political developments are important. Examining WHO reports or statistics from global health efforts to have a deeper understanding of these nations' historical background may help to explain these differences. These graphs show actual challenges and achievements in public health; they are more than just statistics.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function toggleMenu() {
var chartLink = document.querySelector('.donut-chart-link');
chartLink.classList.toggle('show');
}
document.querySelector('.yellow-segment').addEventListener('click', function () {
window.location.href = 'demo.hmtl';
});
document.querySelector('.green-segment').addEventListener('click', function () {
window.location.href = 'Emission.html';
});
document.querySelector('.blue-segment').addEventListener('click', function () {
window.location.href = 'Childrens Health.html';
});
document.querySelector('.red-segment').addEventListener('click', function () {
window.location.href = 'Mortality.html';
});
</script>
<!-- Tableau graphs JavaScript -->
<script type='text/javascript'>
var divElement = document.getElementById('viz1712605907436');
var vizElement = divElement.getElementsByTagName('object')[0];
// Set up a function to run whenever the window resizes to adjust the viz size
function resizeViz() {
if (divElement.offsetWidth > 900) {
vizElement.style.width = '100%';
vizElement.style.height = '1000px'; // Set this to the height that accommodates your full graph
} else {
vizElement.style.width = '100%';
vizElement.style.height = '1000px'; // Set this for smaller screens as well
}
}
// Call this function initially and every time the window resizes
window.onload = resizeViz;
window.onresize = resizeViz;
var scriptElement = document.createElement('script');
scriptElement.src = 'https://public.tableau.com/javascripts/api/viz_v1.js';
vizElement.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptElement, vizElement);
</script>
<script>
// Simple script for hamburger menu animation
document.querySelector('.hamburger-menu').addEventListener('click', function () {
this.classList.toggle('menu-open');
});
</script>
</body>
</html>