copy-list-with-random-pointer.cpp

// Time:  O(n)
// Space: O(1)

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list with a random pointer.
 * struct RandomListNode {
 *     int label;
 *     RandomListNode *next, *random;
 *     RandomListNode(int x) : label(x), next(NULL), random(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param head: The head of linked list with a random pointer.
     * @return: A new head of a deep copy of the list.
     */
    RandomListNode *copyRandomList(RandomListNode *head) {
        // Insert the copied node after the original one.
        for (auto curr = head; curr; curr = curr->next->next) {
            auto node = new RandomListNode(curr->label);
            node->next = curr->next;
            curr->next = node;
        }

        // Update random node.
        for (auto curr = head; curr; curr = curr->next->next) {
            if (curr->random) {
                curr->next->random = curr->random->next;
            }
        }

        // Seperate the copied nodes from original ones.
        RandomListNode dummy{0};
        for (auto curr = head, copy_curr = &dummy;
             curr;
             copy_curr = copy_curr->next, curr = curr->next) {
            copy_curr->next = curr->next;
            curr->next = curr->next->next;
        }

        return dummy.next;
    }
};