exported-references.bib

@article{melnychuk_2017-gf,
title = {Fisheries management impacts on target species status.},
author = {Melnychuk, Michael C and Peterson, Emily and Elliott, Matthew and Hilborn, Ray},
pages = {178-183},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1609915114},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {3},
urldate = {2017-01-24},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {114},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1609915114},
pmid = {27994155},
pmcid = {PMC5224377},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Fisheries management systems around the world are highly diverse in their design, operation, and effectiveness at meeting objectives. A variety of management institutions, strategies, and tactics are used across disparate regions, fishing fleets, and taxonomic groups. At a global level, it is unclear which particular management attributes have greatest influence on the status of fished populations, and also unclear which external factors affect the overall success of fisheries management systems. We used expert surveys to characterize the management systems by species of 28 major fishing nations and examined influences of economic, geographic, and fishery-related factors. A Fisheries Management Index, which integrated research, management, enforcement, and socioeconomic attributes, showed wide variation among countries and was strongly affected by per capita gross domestic product (positively) and capacity-enhancing subsidies (negatively). Among 13 management attributes considered, three were particularly influential in whether stock size and fishing mortality are currently in or trending toward desirable states: extensiveness of stock assessments, strength of fishing pressure limits, and comprehensiveness of enforcement programs. These results support arguments that the key to successful fisheries management is the implementation and enforcement of science-based catch or effort limits, and that monetary investment into fisheries can help achieve management objectives if used to limit fishing pressure rather than enhance fishing capacity. Countries with currently less-effective management systems have the greatest potential for improving long-term stock status outcomes and should be the focus of efforts to improve fisheries management globally.}
}
@article{zeileis_2004-7n,
title = {Econometric Computing with HC and HAC Covariance Matrix Estimators},
author = {Zeileis, Achim},
url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v11/i10/},
year = {2004},
urldate = {2017-12-18},
journal = {J Stat Softw},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
issn = {1548-7660},
doi = {10.18637/jss.v011.i10},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{suman_1999-dW,
title = {Perceptions and attitudes regarding marine reserves: a comparison of stakeholder groups in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary},
author = {Suman, Daniel and Shivlani, Manoj and Walter Milon, J},
pages = {1019-1040},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569199000629},
year = {1999},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {Ocean Coast Manag},
volume = {42},
number = {12},
issn = {09645691},
doi = {10.1016/S0964-5691(99)00062-9},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) developed a zoning plan as part of its overall management plan, fully implemented as of 1997. The plan created several closed areas or harvest refugia in which consumptive activities are prohibited. This research reports results of surveys that we conducted with members of three stakeholder groups in the Florida Keys: commercial fishers, dive operators, and members of local environmental groups. Surveys requested responses regarding the information sources individuals tapped when learning of the zoning plan and the FKNMS; their degree of public participation; their perceptions and acceptance of the zoning strategy and the process of its design; and the expected outcomes of the zoning strategy. Many responses show significant differences among the three groups. Fishers felt highly alienated from the process of zone designation and displayed a sense of anger and powerlessness with respect to what they considered to be an attempt to exclude their group from the harvest refugia. Dive operators demonstrated the highest levels of participation in the designation process, but were concerned that refugia regulations could limit their activities in the future. Members of environmental groups were the strongest supporters of the harvest refugia concept and the FKNMS. This research suggests numerous ways in which marine resource managers could improve their public outreach and information dissemination strategies when developing future harvest refugia and marine protected areas.}
}
@article{chavez_2003-_m,
title = {From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the pacific ocean},
author = {Chavez, F. P.},
pages = {217-221},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1075880},
year = {2003},
month = {jan},
day = {10},
urldate = {2017-12-08},
journal = {Science},
volume = {299},
number = {5604},
issn = {00368075},
doi = {10.1126/science.1075880},
pmid = {12522241},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {In the Pacific Ocean, air and ocean temperatures, atmospheric carbon dioxide, landings of anchovies and sardines, and the productivity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems have varied over periods of about 50 years. In the mid-1970s, the Pacific changed from a cool "anchovy regime" to a warm "sardine regime." A shift back to an anchovy regime occurred in the middle to late 1990s. These large-scale, naturally occurring variations must be taken into account when considering human-induced climate change and the management of ocean living resources.}
}
@article{plagnyi_2017-z9,
title = {Getting to the bottom of global fishery catches.},
author = {Plagányi, Éva Elizabeth},
pages = {1759-1761},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700187114},
year = {2017},
month = {feb},
day = {21},
urldate = {2017-02-18},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {114},
number = {8},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1700187114},
pmid = {28179569},
pmcid = {PMC5338399},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{beger_2004-Y8,
title = {A framework of lessons learned from community-based marine reserves and its effectiveness in guiding a new coastal management initiative in the Philippines.},
author = {Beger, Maria and Harborne, Alastair R and Dacles, Terence P and Solandt, Jean-Luc and Ledesma, Gerardo L},
pages = {786-801},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-004-0149-z},
year = {2004},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {Environ Manage},
volume = {34},
number = {6},
issn = {0364-152X},
doi = {10.1007/s00267-004-0149-z},
pmid = {15633043},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Community-based coastal resource management has been widely applied within the Philippines. However, small-scale community-based reserves are often inefficient owing to management inadequacies arising because of a lack of local support or enforcement or poor design. Because there are many potential pitfalls during the establishment of even small community-based reserves, it is important for coastal managers, communities, and facilitating institutions to have access to a summary of the key factors for success. Reviewing relevant literature, we present a framework of "lessons learned" during the establishment of protected areas, mainly in the Philippines. The framework contains summary guidance on the importance of (1) an island location, (2) small community population size, (3) minimal effect of land-based development, (4) application of a bottom-up approach, (5) an external facilitating institution, (6) acquisition of title, (7) use of a scientific information database, (8) stakeholder involvement, (9) the establishment of legislation, (10) community empowerment, (11) alternative livelihood schemes, (12) surveillance, (13) tangible management results, (14) continued involvement of external groups after reserve establishment, and (15) small-scale project expansion.These framework components guided the establishment of a community-based protected area at Danjugan Island, Negros Occidental, Philippines. This case study showed that the framework was a useful guide that led to establishing and implementing a community-based marine reserve. Evaluation of the reserve using standard criteria developed for the Philippines shows that the Danjugan Island protected area can be considered successful and sustainable. At Danjugan Island, all of the lessons synthesized in the framework were important and should be considered elsewhere, even for relatively small projects. As shown in previous projects in the Philippines, local involvement and stewardship of the protected area appeared particularly important for its successful implementation. The involvement of external organizations also seemed to have a key role in the success of the Danjugan Island project by guiding local decision-makers in the sociobiological principles of establishing protected areas. However, the relative importance of each component of the framework will vary between coastal management initiatives both within the Philippines and across the wider Asian region.}
}
@article{krueck_2016-78,
title = {Incorporating larval dispersal into MPA design for both conservation and fisheries.},
author = {Krueck, Nils C and Ahmadia, Gabby N and Green, Alison and Jones, Geoffrey P and Possingham, Hugh P and Riginos, Cynthia and Treml, Eric A and Mumby, Peter J},
pages = {925-941},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1495},
year = {2016},
month = {dec},
day = {31},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {Ecol Appl},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
doi = {10.1002/eap.1495},
pmid = {28039952},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Larval dispersal by ocean currents is a critical component of systematic marine protected area (MPA) design. However, there is a lack of quantitative methods to incorporate larval dispersal in support of increasingly diverse management objectives, including local population persistence under multiple types of threats (primarily focused on larval retention within and dispersal between protected locations) and benefits to unprotected populations and fisheries (primarily focused on larval export from protected locations to fishing grounds). Here, we present a flexible MPA design approach that can reconcile multiple such potentially conflicting management objectives by balancing various associated treatments of larval dispersal information. We demonstrate our approach based on alternative dispersal patterns, combinations of threats to populations, management objectives, and two different optimization strategies (site vs. network-based). Our outcomes highlight a consistently high efficiency in selecting priority locations that are self-replenishing, inter-connected, and/or important larval sources. We find that the opportunity to balance these three dispersal attributes flexibly can help not only to prevent meta-population collapse, but also to ensure effective fisheries recovery, with average increases in the number of recruits at fishing grounds at least two-times higher than achieved by standard habitat-based or ad-hoc MPA designs. Future applications of our MPA design approach should therefore be encouraged, specifically where management tools other than MPAs are not feasible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}
}
@article{mccauley_2015-rm,
title = {Marine defaunation: animal loss in the global ocean.},
author = {McCauley, Douglas J and Pinsky, Malin L and Palumbi, Stephen R and Estes, James A and Joyce, Francis H and Warner, Robert R},
pages = {1255641},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1255641},
year = {2015},
month = {jan},
day = {16},
urldate = {2017-01-20},
journal = {Science},
volume = {347},
number = {6219},
doi = {10.1126/science.1255641},
pmid = {25593191},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine defaunation, or human-caused animal loss in the oceans, emerged forcefully only hundreds of years ago, whereas terrestrial defaunation has been occurring far longer. Though humans have caused few global marine extinctions, we have profoundly affected marine wildlife, altering the functioning and provisioning of services in every ocean. Current ocean trends, coupled with terrestrial defaunation lessons, suggest that marine defaunation rates will rapidly intensify as human use of the oceans industrializes. Though protected areas are a powerful tool to harness ocean productivity, especially when designed with future climate in mind, additional management strategies will be required. Overall, habitat degradation is likely to intensify as a major driver of marine wildlife loss. Proactive intervention can avert a marine defaunation disaster of the magnitude observed on land. Copyright \copyright 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.}
}
@misc{-Sg,
title = {Biophysical Principles for Designing a Network of Replenishment Zones for the Mesoamerican Reef System},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320720090\_Biophysical\_Principles\_for\_Designing\_a\_Network\_of\_Replenishment\_Zones\_for\_the\_Mesoamerican\_Reef\_System?\_iepl\%5BviewId\%5D=faxKhJl8MEtH1iEy65Iae31L\&\_iepl\%5BsingleItemViewId\%5D=v5I4WE0Ghjy3e2QTXdIL84Hr\&\_iepl\%5BpositionInFeed\%5D=59\&\_iepl\%5BhomeFeedVariantCode\%5D=nb\_EU\&\_iepl\%5BactivityId\%5D=901719743664148-901719756251151\&\_iepl\%5BactivityType\%5D=person\_add\_publication\&\_iepl\%5BactivityTimestamp\%5D=1509427943\&\_iepl\%5Bcontexts\%5D\%5B0\%5D=homeFeed\&\_iepl\%5BtargetEntityId\%5D=PB\%3A320720090\&\_iepl\%5BinteractionType\%5D=publicationTitle},
urldate = {2017-11-08},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@article{garcalozano_2016-1c,
title = {Identifying Drivers of Collective Action for the Co-management of Coastal Marine Fisheries in the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica.},
author = {García Lozano, Alejandro J and Heinen, Joel T},
pages = {759-769},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0646-2},
year = {2016},
month = {apr},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {Environ Manage},
volume = {57},
number = {4},
doi = {10.1007/s00267-015-0646-2},
pmid = {26661452},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Small-scale fisheries are important for preventing poverty, sustaining local economies, and rural livelihoods, but tend to be negatively impacted by traditional forms of management and overexploitation among other factors. Marine Areas for Responsible Fishing (Áreas Marinas de Pesca Responsable, AMPR) have emerged as a new model for the co-management of small-scale fisheries in Costa Rica, one that involves collaboration between fishers, government agencies, and NGOs. The primary objective of this paper is to elucidate some of the key variables that influence collective action among small-scale fishers in Tárcoles, a community in the Gulf of Nicoya. We examined collective action for the formation of a local marketing cooperative and participation in management through the AMPR. We apply the social-ecological framework as a diagnostic and organizational tool in the analysis of several types of qualitative data, including interviews with key informants, informal interviews, legal documents, and gray literature. Findings illustrate the importance of socio-economic community attributes (e.g., group size, homogeneity, previous cooperation), as well as that of social (e.g., equity) and ecological (e.g., improved stocks) outcomes perceived as favorable by actors. In addition, our work demonstrates the importance of certain kinds of external NGOs for facilitating and sustaining collective action.}
}
@article{lester_2017-nh,
title = {Impacts of TURFs and marine reserves on fisheries and conservation goals: theory, empirical evidence, and modeling},
author = {Lester, SarahE and McDonald, Gavin and Clemence, Michaela and Dougherty, DawnT and Szuwalski, CodyS},
pages = {173-198},
url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.5343/bms.2015.1083},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {1},
urldate = {2017-08-16},
journal = {BMS},
volume = {93},
number = {1},
issn = {0007-4977},
doi = {10.5343/bms.2015.1083},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@incollection{busacker_1990-2E,
booktitle = {Methods for fish biology},
title = {Growth},
author = {Busacker, GP},
editor = {Adelman, IR and Goolish, EM},
series = {Methods for fish biology},
pages = {363-388},
publisher = {American Fisheries Society},
url = {http://fisheries.org/bookstore/all-titles/professional-and-trade/x55016xm/},
year = {1990},
urldate = {2016-12-16},
edition = {1st},
address = {Bethesda, Maryland},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {This much-needed text, a companion to Fisheries Techniques, is designed as both a reference and a handbook for the study of fishes. It is a source of methods commonly used to research fish genetics, systematics, anatomy, physiology, developmental biology, toxicology, behavior, and ecology. Each of its 20 chapters also provides a comprehensive introduction to the literature of its field. The main emphasis is on methodology, but the pros and cons of alternative procedures also are treated, as are the uses and misuses of data generated by the techniques. An excellent teaching text and reference book.}
}
@misc{oecd_website_2017-VV,
title = {Prices - Inflation (CPI) - OECD Data},
author = {OECD, },
url = {https://data.oecd.org/price/inflation-cpi.htm},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-08-15},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@misc{-o4,
title = {Ruta de sociabilización para integrar al sector productivo en el diseño de una red de zonas de recuperación pesquera en la Región de las Grandes Islas, Golfo de California},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315789514\_Ruta\_de\_sociabilizacion\_para\_integrar\_al\_sector\_productivo\_en\_el\_diseno\_de\_una\_red\_de\_zonas\_de\_recuperacion\_pesquera\_en\_la\_Region\_de\_las\_Grandes\_Islas\_Golfo\_de\_California},
urldate = {2017-07-13},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@article{oyanedel_2017-TO,
title = {A decision support tool for designing TURF-reserves},
author = {Oyanedel, Rodrigo and Macy Humberstone, Jennifer and Shattenkirk, Keith and Rodriguez Van-Dyck, Salvador and Joye Moyer, Kaia and Poon, Sarah and McDonald, Gavin and Ravelo-Salazar, Cherry and Mancao, Roquelito and Clemence, Michaela and Costello, Christopher},
pages = {155-172},
url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.5343/bms.2015.1095},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {1},
urldate = {2017-07-12},
journal = {BMS},
volume = {93},
number = {1},
issn = {0007-4977},
doi = {10.5343/bms.2015.1095},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{birkenbach_2017-ND,
title = {Catch shares slow the race to fish.},
author = {Birkenbach, Anna M and Kaczan, David J and Smith, Martin D},
pages = {223-226},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21728},
year = {2017},
month = {apr},
day = {13},
urldate = {2017-04-24},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {544},
number = {7649},
doi = {10.1038/nature21728},
pmid = {28379945},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {In fisheries, the tragedy of the commons manifests as a competitive race to fish that compresses fishing seasons, resulting in ecological damage, economic waste, and occupational hazards. Catch shares are hypothesized to halt the race by securing each individual's right to a portion of the total catch, but there is evidence for this from selected examples only. Here we systematically analyse natural experiments to test whether catch shares reduce racing in 39 US fisheries. We compare each fishery treated with catch shares to an individually matched control before and after the policy change. We estimate an average policy treatment effect in a pooled model and in a meta-analysis that combines separate estimates for each treatment-control pair. Consistent with the theory that market-based management ends the race to fish, we find strong evidence that catch shares extend fishing seasons. This evidence informs the current debate over expanding the use of market-based regulation to other fisheries.}
}
@article{watson_2017-tF,
title = {A database of global marine commercial, small-scale, illegal and unreported fisheries catch 1950-2014.},
author = {Watson, Reg A},
pages = {170039},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.39},
year = {2017},
month = {apr},
day = {11},
urldate = {2017-04-24},
journal = {Sci Data},
volume = {4},
doi = {10.1038/sdata.2017.39},
pmid = {28398351},
pmcid = {PMC5387926},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Global fisheries landings data from a range of public sources was harmonised and mapped to 30-min spatial cells based on the distribution of the reported taxa and the fishing fleets involved. This data was extended to include the associated fishing gear used, as well as estimates of illegal, unregulated and unreported catch (IUU) and discards at sea. Expressed as catch rates, these results also separated small-scale fisheries from other fishing operations. The dataset covers 1950 to 2014 inclusive. Mapped catch allows study of the impacts of fisheries on habitats and fauna, on overlap with the diets of marine birds and mammals, and on the related use of fuels and release of greenhouse gases. The fine-scale spatial data can be aggregated to the exclusive economic zone claims of countries and will allow study of the value of landed marine products to their economies and food security, and to those of their trading partners.}
}
@misc{chang_software_2017-8B,
title = {Shiny: Web Application Framework for R},
author = {Chang, Winston and Cheng, Joe and Allaire, JJ},
publisher = {CRAN},
url = {https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/shiny/index.html},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-02-28},
address = {USA},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
type = {SOFTWARE.COMPUTER\_SOFTWARE}
}
@misc{conanp_website-Ay,
title = {Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SINAP)},
author = {CONANP, },
url = {http://www.gob.mx/conanp/acciones-y-programas/sistema-nacional-de-areas-protegidas-sinap},
urldate = {2017-03-02},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
journal = {Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas (SINAP)},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@misc{iucn_website_2017-Bg,
title = {Protected Areas Categories},
author = {IUCN, },
url = {https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-02-23},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
journal = {International Union for Conservation of Nature},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@misc{froese_website_2016-xD,
title = {FishBase},
author = {Froese, R and Pauly, D},
url = {http://www.fishbase.org/},
year = {2016},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2016-12-15},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and P. volitans and TURFeffect},
journal = {FishBase},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@article{beattie_2016-ZE,
title = {Species loss: diverse takes on biodiversity.},
author = {Beattie, Andrew},
pages = {617},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/537617b},
year = {2016},
month = {sep},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-02-18},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {537},
number = {7622},
doi = {10.1038/537617b},
pmid = {27680930},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{russ_2017-oY,
title = {Partitioning no-take marine reserve (NTMR) and benthic habitat effects on density of small and large-bodied tropical wrasses},
author = {Russ, Garry R. and Lowe, Jake R. and Rizzari, Justin R. and Bergseth, Brock J. and Alcala, Angel C.},
pages = {e0188515},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188515},
year = {2017},
month = {dec},
day = {7},
urldate = {2017-12-10},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0188515},
pmid = {29216194},
pmcid = {PMC5720769},
f1000-projects = {MPAs and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {No-take marine reserves (NTMRs) are increasingly implemented for fisheries management and biodiversity conservation. Yet, assessing NTMR effectiveness depends on partitioning the effects of NTMR protection and benthic habitat on protected species. Such partitioning is often difficult, since most studies lack well-designed sampling programs (i.e. Before-After-Control-Impact-Pair designs) spanning long-term time scales. Spanning 31 years, this study quantifies the effects of NTMR protection and changes to benthic habitat on the density of tropical wrasses (F. Labridae) at Sumilon and Apo Islands, Philippines. Five species of wrasse were studied: two species of large-bodied (40-50 cm TL) Hemigymnus that were vulnerable to fishing, and three species of small-bodied (10-25 cm TL) Thalassoma and Cirrhilabrus that were not targeted by fishing. NTMR protection had no measurable effect on wrasse density, irrespective of species or body size, over 20 (Sumilon) and 31 (Apo) years of protection. However, the density of wrasses was often affected strongly by benthic cover. Hemigymnus spp. had a positive association with hard coral cover, while Thalassoma spp. and Cirrhilabrus spp. had strong positive associations with cover of rubble and dead substratum. These associations were most apparent after environmental disturbances (typhoons, coral bleaching, crown of thorns starfish (COTS) outbreaks, use of explosives and drive nets) reduced live hard coral cover and increased cover of rubble, dead substratum and sand. Disturbances that reduced hard coral cover often reduced the density of Hemigymnus spp. and increased the density of Thalassoma spp. and Cirrhilabrus spp. rapidly (1-2 years). As hard coral recovered, density of Hemigymnus spp. often increased while density of Thalassoma spp. and Cirrhilabrus spp. often decreased, often on scales of 5-10 years. This study demonstrates that wrasse population density was influenced more by changes to benthic cover than by protection from fishing.}
}
@incollection{ball_2009-qi,
booktitle = {Spatial conservation prioritization. Quantitative methods \& computational tools},
title = {Marxan and relatives: Software for spatial conservation prioritization},
author = {Ball, Ian R and Possingham, Hugh P and Watts, Matthew E},
pages = {185-195},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
url = {https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:200259},
year = {2009},
urldate = {2017-12-02},
isbn = {9780199547760},
address = {United Kingdom},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@misc{villaseorderbez_website_2017-xE,
title = {A guide to evaluate the effectiveness of no-take marine reserves in Mexico},
author = {Villaseñor-Derbez, Juan Carlos and Faro, Caio and Wright, Melaina and Martínez, Jael},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317840581\_A\_guide\_to\_evaluate\_the\_effectiveness\_of\_no-take\_marine\_reserves\_in\_Mexico},
year = {2017},
month = {jun},
urldate = {2017-12-02},
f1000-projects = {Publications and TURFeffect},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@article{wickham_2014-By,
title = {Tidy Data},
author = {Wickham, Hadley},
url = {http://www.jstatsoft.org/v59/i10/},
year = {2014},
urldate = {2017-08-22},
journal = {J Stat Softw},
volume = {59},
number = {10},
issn = {1548-7660},
doi = {10.18637/jss.v059.i10},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{hameed_2017-aZ,
title = {Incentivizing More Effective Marine Protected Areas with the Global Ocean Refuge System (GLORES)},
author = {Hameed, Sarah O. and Cornick, Leslie A. and Devillers, Rodolphe and Morgan, Lance E.},
url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2017.00208/full},
year = {2017},
month = {jun},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-07-03},
journal = {Front Mar Sci},
volume = {4},
number = {6},
issn = {2296-7745},
doi = {10.3389/fmars.2017.00208},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Healthy oceans are essential to human survival and prosperity, yet oceans are severely impacted worldwide by anthropogenic threats including overfishing, climate change, industrialization, pollution, and habitat destruction. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented around the world and are effective conservation tools that can mitigate some of these threats and build resilience when designed and managed well. However, despite a rich scientific literature on MPA effectiveness, science is not the main driver behind the design and implementation of many MPAs, leading to variable MPA effectiveness and bias in global MPA representativity. As a result, the marine conservation community focuses on promoting the creation of more MPAs as well as more effective ones, however no structure to improve or accelerate effective MPA implementation currently exists. To safeguard marine ecosystems on a global scale and better monitor progress towards ecosystem protection, robust science-based criteria are needed for evaluating MPAs and synthesizing the extensive and interdisciplinary science on MPA effectiveness. This paper presents a strategic initiative led by the Marine Conservation Institute called the Global Ocean Refuge System (GLORES). GLORES aims to set standards to improve the quality of MPAs and catalyze strong protection for at least 30\% of the ocean by 2030. Such substantial increase in marine protection is needed to maintain the resilience of marine ecosystems and restore their benefits to people. GLORES provides a comprehensive strategy that employs the rich body of MPA science to scale up existing marine conservation efforts.}
}
@article{basurto_2013-oq,
title = {The social–ecological system framework as a knowledge classificatory system for benthic small-scale fisheries},
author = {Basurto, Xavier and Gelcich, Stefan and Ostrom, Elinor},
pages = {1366-1380},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378013001350},
year = {2013},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
issn = {09593780},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.08.001},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and Social Ecological Systems and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Ostrom proposed the underpinnings of a framework for the systematic study of the governance of complex social–ecological systems. Here we hypothesize that Ostrom's social–ecological system framework can be useful to build a classification system for small-scale benthic fisheries, regarding their governance processes and outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge accumulation of benthic fisheries. To tailor the framework, we relied on discussions among experts and a systematic literature review of benthic fisheries from 1980 to 2010. This literature review helped us refine variable definitions and provide readers with illustrative reference papers. We then illustrate the approach and its potential contributions through two studies of the emergence of self-organization in Mexico and Chile. We highlight synthetic lessons from the cases and the overall approach as well as reflect on remaining challenges to the development of a social–ecological system framework as a diagnostic tool for knowledge accumulation and synthesis.}
}
@article{padleton_2017-vn,
title = {Debating the effectiveness of marine protected areas},
author = {Padleton, L.H. and Aghmadia, G.N. and Browman, H.I. and Thurstand, R.H. and Kaplan, D.M. and Bartolino, V},
url = {http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/production\_in\_progress.pdf},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-09-05},
journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
issn = {1054-3139},
doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsx154},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{sala_2017-69,
title = {No-take marine reserves are the most effective protected areas in the ocean},
author = {Sala, E. and Giakoumi, S.},
url = {http://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/pdf/production\_in\_progress.pdf},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-09-19},
journal = {ICES Journal of Marine Science},
issn = {1054-3139},
doi = {10.1093/icesjms/fsx059},
f1000-projects = {Before meeting and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{hooker_2004-2V,
title = {Marine Reserves as a Tool for Ecosystem-Based Management: The Potential Importance of Megafauna},
author = {HOOKER, SASCHA K. and GERBER, LEAH R.},
pages = {27},
url = {http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0027:MRAATF]2.0.CO;2},
year = {2004},
urldate = {2017-09-05},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
issn = {0006-3568},
doi = {10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0027:MRAATF]2.0.CO;2},
f1000-projects = {Before meeting and Mobile Protection and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{kincaid_2017-nt,
title = {How fisher-influenced marine closed areas contribute to ecosystem-based management: A review and performance indicator scorecard},
author = {Kincaid, Kate and Rose, George and Devillers, Rodolphe},
pages = {860-876},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/faf.12211},
year = {2017},
month = {sep},
urldate = {2017-09-04},
journal = {Fish Fish},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
issn = {14672960},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12211},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{carter_2017-Uf,
title = {Reproductive benefits of no-take marine reserves vary with region for an exploited coral reef fish.},
author = {Carter, A B and Davies, C R and Emslie, M J and Mapstone, B D and Russ, G R and Tobin, A J and Williams, A J},
pages = {9693},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-10180-w},
year = {2017},
month = {aug},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-09-04},
journal = {Sci Rep},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-10180-w},
pmid = {28852089},
pmcid = {PMC5575329},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {No-take marine reserves (NTMRs) are expected to benefit fisheries via the net export of eggs and larvae (recruitment subsidy) from reserves to adjacent fished areas. Quantifying egg production is the first step in evaluating recruitment subsidy potential. We calculated annual egg production per unit area (EPUA) from 2004 to 2013 for the commercially important common coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, on fished and NTMR reefs throughout the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Geographic region, NTMR status, fish size, and population density were all found to affect EPUA. The interactions among these factors were such that, EPUA on NTMR reefs compared to reefs open to fishing was 21\% greater in the southern GBR, 152\% greater in the central GBR, but 56\% less in the northern GBR. The results show that while NTMRs can potentially provide a substantial recruitment subsidy (central GBR reefs), they may provide a far smaller subsidy (southern GBR), or serve as recruitment sinks (northern GBR) for the same species in nearby locations where demographic rates differ. This study highlights the importance of considering spatial variation in EPUA when assessing locations of NTMRs if recruitment subsidy is expected from them.}
}
@article{alonsoaller_2017-Dw,
title = {Marine protected areas increase temporal stability of community structure, but not density or diversity, of tropical seagrass fish communities.},
author = {Alonso Aller, Elisa and Jiddawi, Narriman S and Eklöf, Johan S},
pages = {e0183999},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183999},
year = {2017},
month = {aug},
day = {30},
urldate = {2017-09-04},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0183999},
pmid = {28854231},
pmcid = {PMC5576671},
f1000-projects = {Loreto and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been shown to increase long-term temporal stability of fish communities and enhance ecosystem resilience to anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, the potential ability of MPAs to buffer effects of environmental variability at shorter time scales remains widely unknown. In the tropics, the yearly monsoon cycle is a major natural force affecting marine organisms in tropical regions, and its timing and severity are predicted to change over the coming century, with potentially severe effects on marine organisms, ecosystems and ecosystem services. Here, we assessed the ability of MPAs to buffer effects of monsoon seasonality on seagrass-associated fish communities, using a field survey in two MPAs (no-take zones) and two unprotected (open-access) sites around Zanzibar (Tanzania). We assessed the temporal stability of fish density and community structure within and outside MPAs during three monsoon seasons in 2014-2015, and investigated several possible mechanisms that could regulate temporal stability. Our results show that MPAs did not affect fish density and diversity, but that juvenile fish densities were temporally more stable within MPAs. Second, fish community structure was more stable within MPAs for juvenile and adult fish, but not for subadult fish or the total fish community. Third, the observed effects may be due to a combination of direct and indirect (seagrass-mediated) effects of seasonality and, potentially, fluctuating fishing pressure outside MPAs. In summary, these MPAs may not have the ability to enhance fish density and diversity and to buffer effects of monsoon seasonality on the whole fish community. However, they may increase the temporal stability of certain groups, such as juvenile fish. Consequently, our results question whether MPAs play a general role in the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning under changing environmental conditions in tropical seagrass fish communities.}
}
@article{davies_2017-AE,
title = {Large marine protected areas represent biodiversity now and under climate change.},
author = {Davies, T E and Maxwell, S M and Kaschner, K and Garilao, C and Ban, N C},
pages = {9569},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08758-5},
year = {2017},
month = {aug},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-09-04},
journal = {Sci Rep},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-08758-5},
pmid = {28851885},
pmcid = {PMC5574922},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Large marine protected areas (\textgreater30,000 km(2)) have a high profile in marine conservation, yet their contribution to conservation is contested. Assessing the overlap of large marine protected areas with 14,172 species, we found large marine protected areas cover 4.4\% of the ocean and at least some portion of the range of 83.3\% of the species assessed. Of all species within large marine protected areas, 26.9\% had at least 10\% of their range represented, and this was projected to increase to 40.1\% in 2100. Cumulative impacts were significantly higher within large marine protected areas than outside, refuting the critique that they only occur in pristine areas. We recommend future large marine protected areas be sited based on systematic conservation planning practices where possible and include areas beyond national jurisdiction, and provide five key recommendations to improve the long-term representation of all species to meet critical global policy goals (e.g., Convention on Biological Diversity's Aichi Targets).}
}
@article{roberts_2003-BW,
title = {ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR EVALUATING CANDIDATE SITES FOR MARINE RESERVES},
author = {Roberts, Callum M. and Andelman, Sandy and Branch, George and Bustamante, Rodrigo H. and Carlos Castilla, Juan and Dugan, Jenifer and Halpern, Benjamin S. and Lafferty, Kevin D. and Leslie, Heather and Lubchenco, Jane and McArdle, Deborah and Possingham, Hugh P. and Ruckelshaus, Mary and Warner, Robert R.},
pages = {199-214},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0199:ECFECS]2.0.CO;2},
year = {2003},
month = {feb},
urldate = {2017-05-07},
journal = {Ecol Appl},
volume = {13},
number = {sp1},
issn = {1051-0761},
doi = {10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0199:ECFECS]2.0.CO;2},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{-HD,
title = {library.uniteddiversity.coop/Cooperatives/Capital\_and\_the\_Debt\_Trap-Learning\_from\_Cooperatives\_in\_the\_Global\_Crisis.pdf},
urldate = {2017-08-30},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and TURFeffect}
}
@article{gutirrez_2011-0U,
title = {Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries.},
author = {Gutiérrez, Nicolás L and Hilborn, Ray and Defeo, Omar},
pages = {386-389},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature09689},
year = {2011},
month = {feb},
day = {17},
urldate = {2017-08-29},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {470},
number = {7334},
issn = {1476-4687},
doi = {10.1038/nature09689},
pmid = {21209616},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {One billion people depend on seafood as their primary source of protein and 25\% of the world's total animal protein comes from fisheries. Yet a third of fish stocks worldwide are overexploited or depleted. Using individual case studies, many have argued that community-based co-management should prevent the tragedy of the commons because cooperative management by fishers, managers and scientists often results in sustainable fisheries. However, general and multidisciplinary evaluations of co-management regimes and the conditions for social, economic and ecological success within such regimes are lacking. Here we examine 130 co-managed fisheries in a wide range of countries with different degrees of development, ecosystems, fishing sectors and type of resources. We identified strong leadership as the most important attribute contributing to success, followed by individual or community quotas, social cohesion and protected areas. Less important conditions included enforcement mechanisms, long-term management policies and life history of the resources. Fisheries were most successful when at least eight co-management attributes were present, showing a strong positive relationship between the number of these attributes and success, owing to redundancy in management regulations. Our results demonstrate the critical importance of prominent community leaders and robust social capital, combined with clear incentives through catch shares and conservation benefits derived from protected areas, for successfully managing aquatic resources and securing the livelihoods of communities depending on them. Our study offers hope that co-management, the only realistic solution for the majority of the world's fisheries, can solve many of the problems facing global fisheries.}
}
@article{giakoumi_2017-V2,
title = {Ecological effects of full and partial protection in the crowded Mediterranean Sea: a regional meta-analysis},
author = {Giakoumi, Sylvaine and Scianna, Claudia and Plass-Johnson, Jeremiah and Micheli, Fiorenza and Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten and Thiriet, Pierre and Claudet, Joachim and Di Carlo, Giuseppe and Di Franco, Antonio and Gaines, Steven D. and García-Charton, José A. and Lubchenco, Jane and Reimer, Jessica and Sala, Enric and Guidetti, Paolo},
pages = {8940},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-08850-w},
year = {2017},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-08-22},
journal = {Sci Rep},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-08850-w},
pmid = {28827603},
pmcid = {PMC5566470},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a cornerstone of marine conservation. Globally, the number and coverage of MPAs are increasing, but MPA implementation lags in many human-dominated regions. In areas with intense competition for space and resources, evaluation of the effects of MPAs is crucial to inform decisions. In the human-dominated Mediterranean Sea, fully protected areas occupy only 0.04\% of its surface. We evaluated the impacts of full and partial protection on biomass and density of fish assemblages, some commercially important fishes, and sea urchins in 24 Mediterranean MPAs. We explored the relationships between the level of protection and MPA size, age, and enforcement. Results revealed significant positive effects of protection for fisheries target species and negative effects for urchins as their predators benefited from protection. Full protection provided stronger effects than partial protection. Benefits of full protection for fish biomass were only correlated with the level of MPA enforcement; fish density was higher in older, better enforced, and -interestingly- smaller MPAs. Our finding that even small, well-enforced, fully protected areas can have significant ecological effects is encouraging for "crowded" marine environments. However, more data are needed to evaluate sufficient MPA sizes for protecting populations of species with varying mobility levels.}
}
@article{townsend_1990-Nf,
title = {Entry restrictions in the fishery: A survey of the evidence},
author = {Townsend, Ralph E.},
pages = {359},
url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3146619?origin=crossref},
year = {1990},
month = {nov},
urldate = {2017-08-20},
journal = {Land Econ},
volume = {66},
number = {4},
issn = {00237639},
doi = {10.2307/3146619},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{bennett_2014-ST,
title = {Why local people do not support conservation: Community perceptions of marine protected area livelihood impacts, governance and management in Thailand},
author = {Bennett, Nathan James and Dearden, Philip},
pages = {107-116},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X13001711},
year = {2014},
month = {feb},
urldate = {2017-08-20},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {44},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.017},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{alcala_2006-zP,
title = {No-take Marine Reserves and Reef Fisheries Management in the Philippines: A New People Power Revolution},
author = {Alcala, Angel C. and Russ, Garry R.},
pages = {245-254},
url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1579/05-A-054R1.1},
year = {2006},
month = {aug},
urldate = {2017-08-20},
journal = {AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
issn = {0044-7447},
doi = {10.1579/05-A-054R1.1},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{leslie_2007-yJ,
title = {Confronting the challenges of implementing marine ecosystem-based management},
author = {Leslie, Heather M. and McLeod, Karen L.},
pages = {540-548},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/060093},
year = {2007},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-08-20},
journal = {Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
issn = {1540-9295},
doi = {10.1890/060093},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{lundquist_2005-OL,
title = {Strategies for successful marine conservation: integrating socioeconomic, political, and scientific factors},
author = {Lundquist, CAROLYN J. and Granek, ELISE F.},
pages = {1771-1778},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00279.x},
year = {2005},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-08-20},
journal = {Conserv Biol},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
issn = {0888-8892},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00279.x},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{chirico_2017-Rz,
title = {Community- and government-managed marine protected areas increase fish size, biomass and potential value},
author = {Chirico, Angelica A. D. and McClanahan, Timothy R. and Eklöf, Johan S.},
pages = {e0182342},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182342},
year = {2017},
month = {aug},
day = {14},
urldate = {2017-08-19},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0182342},
pmid = {28806740},
pmcid = {PMC5555630},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Government-managed marine protected areas (MPAs) can restore small fish stocks, but have been heavily criticized for excluding resource users and creating conflicts. A promising but less studied alternative are community-managed MPAs, where resource users are more involved in MPA design, implementation and enforcement. Here we evaluated effects of government- and community-managed MPAs on the density, size and biomass of seagrass- and coral reef-associated fish, using field surveys in Kenyan coastal lagoons. We also assessed protection effects on the potential monetary value of fish; a variable that increases non-linearly with fish body mass and is particularly important from a fishery perspective. We found that two recently established community MPAs (\textless 1 km2 in size, ≤ 5 years of protection) harbored larger fish and greater total fish biomass than two fished (open access) areas, in both seagrass beds and coral reefs. As expected, protection effects were considerably stronger in the older and larger government MPAs. Importantly, across management and habitat types, the protection effect on the potential monetary value of the fish was much stronger than the effects on fish biomass and size (6.7 vs. 2.6 and 1.3 times higher value in community MPAs than in fished areas, respectively). This strong effect on potential value was partly explained by presence of larger (and therefore more valuable) individual fish, and partly by higher densities of high-value taxa (e.g. rabbitfish). In summary, we show that i) small and recently established community-managed MPAs can, just like larger and older government-managed MPAs, play an important role for local conservation of high-value fish, and that ii) these effects are equally strong in coral reefs as in seagrass beds; an important habitat too rarely included in formal management. Consequently, community-managed MPAs could benefit both coral reef and seagrass ecosystems and provide spillover of valuable fish to nearby fisheries.}
}
@article{lgeepa_2017-jL,
title = {Ley General del Equilibrio Ecológico y la Protección al Ambiente},
author = {LGEEPA, },
url = {http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/148\_240117.pdf},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {24},
urldate = {2017-08-16},
journal = {DOF},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@incollection{dowling_2016-pO,
booktitle = {Assessing and Managing Data-Limited Fish Stocks},
title = {FishPath: A Decision Support System for Assessing and Managing Data- and Capacity- Limited Fisheries},
author = {Dowling, NA and Wilson, JR and Rudd, MB and Babcock, EA and Caillaux, M and Cope, J and Dougherty, D and Fujita, R and Gedamke, T and Gleason, M and Guttierrez, M and Hordyk, A and Maina, GW and Mous, PJ and Ovando, D and Parma, AM and Prince, J and Revenga, C and Rude, J and Szuwalski, C and Valencia, S and Victor, S},
editor = {Quinn II, TJ and Armstrong, JL and Baker, MR and Heifetz, J and Witherell, D},
publisher = {Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbansk},
url = {https://seagrant.uaf.edu/bookstore/pubs/item.php?id=12335},
year = {2016},
month = {jun},
day = {22},
urldate = {2017-08-16},
doi = {10.4027/amdlfs.2016.03},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{edgar_2014-UO,
title = {Global conservation outcomes depend on marine protected areas with five key features},
author = {Edgar, Graham J. and Stuart-Smith, Rick D. and Willis, Trevor J. and Kininmonth, Stuart and Baker, Susan C. and Banks, Stuart and Barrett, Neville S. and Becerro, Mikel A. and Bernard, Anthony T. F. and Berkhout, Just and Buxton, Colin D. and Campbell, Stuart J. and Cooper, Antonia T. and Davey, Marlene and Edgar, Sophie C. and Försterra, Günter and Galván, David E. and Irigoyen, Alejo J. and Kushner, David J. and Moura, Rodrigo and Parnell, P. Ed and Shears, Nick T. and Soler, German and Strain, Elisabeth M. A. and Thomson, Russell J.},
pages = {216-220},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature13022},
year = {2014},
month = {feb},
day = {5},
urldate = {2017-08-16},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {506},
number = {7487},
issn = {0028-0836},
doi = {10.1038/nature13022},
pmid = {24499817},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {In line with global targets agreed under the Convention on Biological Diversity, the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increasing rapidly, yet socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs remain difficult to predict and under debate. MPAs often fail to reach their full potential as a consequence of factors such as illegal harvesting, regulations that legally allow detrimental harvesting, or emigration of animals outside boundaries because of continuous habitat or inadequate size of reserve. Here we show that the conservation benefits of 87 MPAs investigated worldwide increase exponentially with the accumulation of five key features: no take, well enforced, old (\textgreater10 years), large (\textgreater100 km(2)), and isolated by deep water or sand. Using effective MPAs with four or five key features as an unfished standard, comparisons of underwater survey data from effective MPAs with predictions based on survey data from fished coasts indicate that total fish biomass has declined about two-thirds from historical baselines as a result of fishing. Effective MPAs also had twice as many large (\textgreater250 mm total length) fish species per transect, five times more large fish biomass, and fourteen times more shark biomass than fished areas. Most (59\%) of the MPAs studied had only one or two key features and were not ecologically distinguishable from fished sites. Our results show that global conservation targets based on area alone will not optimize protection of marine biodiversity. More emphasis is needed on better MPA design, durable management and compliance to ensure that MPAs achieve their desired conservation value.}
}
@article{ferraro_2006-oW,
title = {Money for nothing? A call for empirical evaluation of biodiversity conservation investments.},
author = {Ferraro, Paul J and Pattanayak, Subhrendu K},
pages = {e105},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040105},
year = {2006},
month = {apr},
day = {11},
urldate = {2017-08-16},
journal = {PLoS Biol},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
issn = {1545-7885},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.0040105},
pmid = {16602825},
pmcid = {PMC1435411},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{paulschultz_2004-XY,
title = {School subsidies for the poor: evaluating the Mexican Progresa poverty program},
author = {Paul Schultz, T.},
pages = {199-250},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304387803001858},
year = {2004},
month = {jun},
urldate = {2017-08-15},
journal = {J Dev Econ},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
issn = {03043878},
doi = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2003.12.009},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{matthews_2000-aM,
title = {Storks Deliver Babies (p = 0.008)},
author = {Matthews, Robert},
pages = {36-38},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1467-9639.00013},
year = {2000},
month = {jun},
urldate = {2017-08-14},
journal = {Teach Stat},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
issn = {0141-982X},
doi = {10.1111/1467-9639.00013},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{ellis_2017-lv,
title = {How to share data for collaboration},
author = {Ellis, Shannon E and Leek, Jeffrey T},
url = {https://peerj.com/preprints/3139.pdf},
year = {2017},
month = {aug},
day = {11},
urldate = {2017-08-13},
journal = {PeerJ},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{hastings_2017-sm,
title = {Marine reserves solve an important bycatch problem in fisheries},
author = {Hastings, Alan and Gaines, Steven D. and Costello, Christopher},
pages = {8927-8934},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1705169114},
year = {2017},
month = {aug},
day = {22},
urldate = {2017-08-10},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
volume = {114},
number = {34},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1705169114},
pmid = {28794280},
pmcid = {PMC5576807},
f1000-projects = {Bycatch and Mobile Protection and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Management of the diverse fisheries of the world has had mixed success. While managing single species in data-rich environments has been largely effective, perhaps the greatest challenge facing fishery managers is how to deal with mixed stocks of fish with a range of life histories that reside in the same location. Because many fishing gears are nonselective, and the costs of making gear selective can be high, a particular problem is bycatch of weak stocks. This problem is most severe when the weak stock is long-lived and has low fecundity and thus requires a very long recovery time once overfished. We investigate the role that marine reserves might play in solving this challenging and ubiquitous problem in ecosystem-based management. Evidence for marine reserves' potential to manage fisheries in an ecosystem context has been mixed, so we develop a heuristic strategic mathematical model to obtain general conclusions about the merits of managing multispecies fisheries by using reserves relative to managing them with nonspatial approaches. We show that for many fisheries, yields of strong stocks can be increased, and persistence of weak stocks can be ensured, by using marine reserves rather than by using traditional nonspatial approaches alone. Thus, reserves have a distinct advantage as a management tool in many of the most critical multispecies settings. We also show how the West Coast groundfish fishery of the United States meets these conditions, suggesting that management by reserves may be a superior option in that case.}
}
@article{wantiez_1997-VH,
title = {Effects of marine reserves on coral reef fish communities from five islands in New Caledonia},
author = {Wantiez, L. and Thollot, P. and Kulbicki, M.},
pages = {215-224},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s003380050077},
year = {1997},
month = {dec},
day = {2},
urldate = {2017-08-04},
journal = {Coral Reefs},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
issn = {0722-4028},
doi = {10.1007/s003380050077},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{rodriguez_2017-PD,
title = {Assessing Marine Protected Areas Effectiveness: A Case Study with the Tobago Cays Marine Park},
author = {Rodriguez, Alba Garcia and Fanning, Lucia M.},
pages = {379-408},
url = {http://www.scirp.org/journal/doi.aspx?DOI=10.4236/ojms.2017.73027},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-07-23},
journal = {OJMS},
volume = {07},
number = {03},
issn = {2161-7384},
doi = {10.4236/ojms.2017.73027},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{-Xp,
title = {PARQUE NACIONAL CABO PULMO},
author = {, CABO},
urldate = {2017-08-03},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{mascia_2017-m_,
title = {A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas},
author = {Mascia, Michael B. and Fox, Helen E. and Glew, Louise and Ahmadia, Gabby N. and Agrawal, Arun and Barnes, Megan and Basurto, Xavier and Craigie, Ian and Darling, Emily and Geldmann, Jonas and Gill, David and Holst Rice, Susie and Jensen, Olaf P. and Lester, Sarah E. and McConney, Patrick and Mumby, Peter J. and Nenadovic, Mateja and Parks, John E. and Pomeroy, Robert S. and White, Alan T.},
pages = {93-115},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/nyas.13428},
year = {2017},
month = {jul},
urldate = {2017-07-22},
journal = {Ann N Y Acad Sci},
volume = {1399},
number = {1},
issn = {00778923},
doi = {10.1111/nyas.13428},
pmid = {28719737},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Environmental conservation initiatives, including marine protected areas (MPAs), have proliferated in recent decades. Designed to conserve marine biodiversity, many MPAs also seek to foster sustainable development. As is the case for many other environmental policies and programs, the impacts of MPAs are poorly understood. Social-ecological systems, impact evaluation, and common-pool resource governance are three complementary scientific frameworks for documenting and explaining the ecological and social impacts of conservation interventions. We review key components of these three frameworks and their implications for the study of conservation policy, program, and project outcomes. Using MPAs as an illustrative example, we then draw upon these three frameworks to describe an integrated approach for rigorous empirical documentation and causal explanation of conservation impacts. This integrated three-framework approach for impact evaluation of governance in social-ecological systems (3FIGS) accounts for alternative explanations, builds upon and advances social theory, and provides novel policy insights in ways that no single approach affords. Despite the inherent complexity of social-ecological systems and the difficulty of causal inference, the 3FIGS approach can dramatically advance our understanding of, and the evidentiary basis for, effective MPAs and other conservation initiatives. \copyright 2017 New York Academy of Sciences.}
}
@article{rossetto_2015-V0,
title = {No-take marine reserves can enhance population persistence and support the fishery of abalone},
author = {Rossetto, Marisa and Micheli, Fiorenza and Saenz-Arroyo, Andrea and Montes, Jose Antonio Espinoza and De Leo, Giulio Alessandro},
pages = {1503-1517},
url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0623},
year = {2015},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2017-07-16},
journal = {Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.},
volume = {72},
number = {10},
issn = {0706-652X},
doi = {10.1139/cjfas-2013-0623},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {A critical aspect in the design of a marine reserve (MR) network is its spatial configuration (i.e., the number, size, and spacing of the individual reserves), particularly how these features influence the effect on fisheries. Here, we derived a size-based, spatially explicit, stochastic demographic model to explore how different spatial configurations of MR networks can affect abundance and commercial yield of the green abalone (Haliotis fulgens), taking as a reference case the abalone fishery of Isla Natividad in Baja California Sur (Mexico). Our analysis suggests that a network of MRs can have a positive effect on abalone population abundance and a slightly negative effect on fishery output with respect to traditional maximum sustainable yield (MSY; i.e., with no reserves). Simulations show that maximum catches achievable with MRs are, under the best configuration, ∼2\%–14\% lower than traditional MSY depending on the total fraction of the fishing grounds protected. In the case of overexploitation, long-...}
}
@techreport{villaseorderbez_2017-f4,
title = {Una guía para evaluar la efectividad de las zonas de no pesca en México},
author = {Villaseñor-Derbez, Juan Carlos and Faro, Caio and Wright, Melaina and Martínez, Jael},
series = {Una guía para evaluar la efectividad de las zonas de no pesca en México},
translator = {Villaseñor-Derbez, Juan Carlos},
publisher = {TURFeffect},
url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317840836\_Una\_guia\_para\_evaluar\_la\_efectividad\_de\_las\_zonas\_de\_no\_pesca\_en\_Mexico},
year = {2017},
urldate = {2017-07-05},
address = {Santa Barbara, CA},
f1000-projects = {Publications and TURFeffect}
}
@article{lowndes_2017-xh,
title = {Our path to better science in less time using open data science tools},
author = {Lowndes, Julia S. Stewart and Best, Benjamin D. and Scarborough, Courtney and Afflerbach, Jamie C. and Frazier, Melanie R. and OHara, Casey C. and Jiang, Ning and Halpern, Benjamin S.},
pages = {0160},
url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0160},
year = {2017},
month = {may},
day = {23},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {Nat. ecol. evol.},
volume = {1},
number = {6},
issn = {2397-334X},
doi = {10.1038/s41559-017-0160},
pmid = {28812630},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Reproducibility has long been a tenet of science but has been challenging to achieve-we learned this the hard way when our old approaches proved inadequate to efficiently reproduce our own work. Here we describe how several free software tools have fundamentally upgraded our approach to collaborative research, making our entire workflow more transparent and streamlined. By describing specific tools and how we incrementally began using them for the Ocean Health Index project, we hope to encourage others in the scientific community to do the same-so we can all produce better science in less time.}
}
@article{selig_2015-F9,
title = {Measuring indicators of ocean health for an island nation: The ocean health index for Fiji},
author = {Selig, Elizabeth R. and Frazier, Melanie and O'Leary, Jennifer K. and Jupiter, Stacy D. and Halpern, Benjamin S. and Longo, Catherine and Kleisner, Kristin L. and Sivo, Loraini and Ranelletti, Marla},
pages = {403-412},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212041614001363},
year = {2015},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {Ecosystem Services},
volume = {16},
issn = {22120416},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.11.007},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {People depend on the ocean to provide a range of ecosystem services, including sustaining economies and providing nutrition. We demonstrate how a global ocean health index framework can be applied to a data-limited scenario and modified to incorporate the objectives and context of a developing island nation like Fiji. Although these changes did not have a major effect on the total index value, two goals had substantial changes. The artisanal opportunities goal increased from 46 to 92 as a result of changes to the model for Fiji, which looks at the stock status of artisanally-caught species. The lasting special places sub-goal decreased from 96 to 48, due to the use of Fiji-specific data and reference points that allow policymakers to track progress towards national goals. Fiji scored high for the tourism and recreation goal, but low for the production-oriented natural products goal and mariculture sub-goal, which may reflect national values and development priorities. By measuring ocean health across a portfolio of goals and re-calculating scores over time, we can better understand potential trade-offs between goals. Our approach for measuring ocean health in Fiji highlights pathways for improvements and approaches that may help guide other data-limited countries in assessing ocean health.}
}
@article{halpern_2014-lQ,
title = {Assessing the Health of the U.S. West Coast with a Regional-Scale Application of the Ocean Health Index},
author = {Halpern, Benjamin S. and Longo, Catherine and Scarborough, Courtney and Hardy, Darren and Best, Benjamin D. and Doney, Scott C. and Katona, Steven K. and McLeod, Karen L. and Rosenberg, Andrew A. and Samhouri, Jameal F.},
pages = {e98995},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098995},
year = {2014},
month = {jun},
day = {18},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0098995},
pmid = {24941007},
pmcid = {PMC4062411},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Management of marine ecosystems increasingly demands comprehensive and quantitative assessments of ocean health, but lacks a tool to do so. We applied the recently developed Ocean Health Index to assess ocean health in the relatively data-rich US west coast region. The overall region scored 71 out of 100, with sub-regions scoring from 65 (Washington) to 74 (Oregon). Highest scoring goals included tourism and recreation (99) and clean waters (87), while the lowest scoring goals were sense of place (48) and artisanal fishing opportunities (57). Surprisingly, even in this well-studied area data limitations precluded robust assessments of past trends in overall ocean health. Nonetheless, retrospective calculation of current status showed that many goals have declined, by up to 20\%. In contrast, near-term future scores were on average 6\% greater than current status across all goals and sub-regions. Application of hypothetical but realistic management scenarios illustrate how the Index can be used to predict and understand the tradeoffs among goals and consequences for overall ocean health. We illustrate and discuss how this index can be used to vet underlying assumptions and decisions with local stakeholders and decision-makers so that scores reflect regional knowledge, priorities and values. We also highlight the importance of ongoing and future monitoring that will provide robust data relevant to ocean health assessment.}
}
@article{elfes_2014-RC,
title = {A Regional-Scale Ocean Health Index for Brazil},
author = {Elfes, Cristiane T. and Longo, Catherine and Halpern, Benjamin S. and Hardy, Darren and Scarborough, Courtney and Best, Benjamin D. and Pinheiro, Tiago and Dutra, Guilherme F.},
pages = {e92589},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092589},
year = {2014},
month = {apr},
day = {2},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0092589},
pmid = {24695103},
pmcid = {PMC3973640},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Brazil has one of the largest and fastest growing economies and one of the largest coastlines in the world, making human use and enjoyment of coastal and marine resources of fundamental importance to the country. Integrated assessments of ocean health are needed to understand the condition of a range of benefits that humans derive from marine systems and to evaluate where attention should be focused to improve the health of these systems. Here we describe the first such assessment for Brazil at both national and state levels. We applied the Ocean Health Index framework, which evaluates ten public goals for healthy oceans. Despite refinements of input data and model formulations, the national score of 60 (out of 100) was highly congruent with the previous global assessment for Brazil of 62. Variability in scores among coastal states was most striking for goals related to mariculture, protected areas, tourism, and clean waters. Extractive goals, including Food Provision, received low scores relative to habitat-related goals, such as Biodiversity. This study demonstrates the applicability of the Ocean Health Index at a regional scale, and its usefulness in highlighting existing data and knowledge gaps and identifying key policy and management recommendations. To improve Brazil's ocean health, this study suggests that future actions should focus on: enhancing fisheries management, expanding marine protected areas, and monitoring coastal habitats.}
}
@article{halpern_2012-k9,
title = {An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean},
author = {Halpern, Benjamin S. and Longo, Catherine and Hardy, Darren and McLeod, Karen L. and Samhouri, Jameal F. and Katona, Steven K. and Kleisner, Kristin and Lester, Sarah E. and O\textquoterightLeary, Jennifer and Ranelletti, Marla and Rosenberg, Andrew A. and Scarborough, Courtney and Selig, Elizabeth R. and Best, Benjamin D. and Brumbaugh, Daniel R. and Chapin, F. Stuart and Crowder, Larry B. and Daly, Kendra L. and Doney, Scott C. and Elfes, Cristiane and Fogarty, Michael J. and Gaines, Steven D. and Jacobsen, Kelsey I. and Karrer, Leah Bunce and Leslie, Heather M. and Neeley, Elizabeth and Pauly, Daniel and Polasky, Stephen and Ris, Bud and St Martin, Kevin and Stone, Gregory S. and Sumaila, U. Rashid and Zeller, Dirk},
pages = {615-620},
url = {http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/nature11397},
year = {2012},
month = {aug},
day = {15},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {488},
number = {7413},
issn = {0028-0836},
doi = {10.1038/nature11397},
pmid = {22895186},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {The ocean plays a critical role in supporting human well-being, from providing food, livelihoods and recreational opportunities to regulating the global climate. Sustainable management aimed at maintaining the flow of a broad range of benefits from the ocean requires a comprehensive and quantitative method to measure and monitor the health of coupled human–ocean systems. We created an index comprising ten diverse public goals for a healthy coupled human–ocean system and calculated the index for every coastal country. Globally, the overall index score was 60 out of 100 (range 36–86), with developed countries generally performing better than developing countries, but with notable exceptions. Only 5\% of countries scored higher than 70, whereas 32\% scored lower than 50. The index provides a powerful tool to raise public awareness, direct resource management, improve policy and prioritize scientific research.}
}
@article{vilela_2017-Zo,
title = {Improving hydropower choices via an online and open access tool},
author = {Vilela, Thais and Reid, John},
pages = {e0179393},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179393},
year = {2017},
month = {jun},
day = {26},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0179393},
pmid = {28650968},
pmcid = {PMC5484472},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {This paper describes and validates the HydroCalculator Tool developed by Conservation Strategy Fund. The HydroCalculator Tool allows researchers, policy-makers and citizens to easily assess hydropower feasibility, by calculating traditional financial indicators, such as the levelized cost of energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions and the economic net present value including emissions costs. Currently, people other than project developers have limited or no access to such information, which stifles informed public debate on electric energy options. Within this context, the use of the HydroCalculator Tool may contribute to the debate, by facilitating access to information. To validate the tool's greenhouse gas calculations, we replicate two peer-reviewed articles that estimate greenhouse gas emissions from different hydropower plants in the Amazon basin. The estimates calculated by the HydroCalculator Tool are similar to the ones found in both peer-reviewed articles. The results show that hydropower plants can lead to greenhouse gas emissions and that, in some cases, these emissions can be larger than those of alternative energy sources producing the same amount of electricity.}
}
@article{betti_2017-lq,
title = {Over 10 years of variation in Mediterranean reef benthic communities},
author = {Betti, Federico and Bavestrello, Giorgio and Bo, Marzia and Asnaghi, Valentina and Chiantore, Mariachiara and Bava, Simone and Cattaneo-Vietti, Riccardo},
pages = {e12439},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/maec.12439},
year = {2017},
month = {jun},
urldate = {2017-07-11},
journal = {Marine Ecology},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
issn = {01739565},
doi = {10.1111/maec.12439},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{sala_2016-PV,
title = {Fish banks: An economic model to scale marine conservation},
author = {Sala, Enric and Costello, Christopher and De Bourbon Parme, Jaime and Fiorese, Marco and Heal, Geoff and Kelleher, Kieran and Moffitt, Russell and Morgan, Lance and Plunkett, Jayne and Rechberger, Kristin D. and Rosenberg, Andrew A. and Sumaila, Rashid},
pages = {154-161},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X16300586},
year = {2016},
month = {nov},
urldate = {2017-07-10},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {73},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2016.07.032},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Only 2.1\% of the ocean is in actively managed marine protected areas (MPAs). Achieving the United Nations' target of 10\% of the ocean protected by 2020 will require an aggressively implemented mix of large MPAs in remote areas, and small MPAs in inhabited coastal areas. Replication of small no-take MPAs (marine reserves) in coastal areas at the global scale is more likely to occur if reserves are designed as investment opportunities – \textquoteleftfish banks\textquoteright that produce new profits based on ecosystem services such as tourism and fish production. Here a pro forma business plan for a marine reserve using private investment and local management is presented. Total annual profit before the reserve was \EUR254,000 (from fishing only); in year 8 after creation of the reserve, profit (fishing+tourism) was \EUR3.3 million. Given the right conditions, the net present value of the reserve can be between 4 and 12 times greater than the no-reserve counterfactual. In our model, (1) the tourism sector covers the costs of creation and operation of the reserve as an investment in a profitable business; and (2) fishers become shareholders and receive income from tourist access fees; their profits increase as soon as one year after the creation of the reserve. A series of financing mechanisms to create and manage fish banks is also proposed. If designed properly, fish banks can help restore marine biodiversity and ecosystem services, and can create jobs, help fishers, and bring in significantly greater economic profits than the absence of protection.}
}
@article{hortaecosta_2016-_3,
title = {A regulation-based classification system for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)},
author = {Horta e Costa, Bárbara and Claudet, Joachim and Franco, Gustavo and Erzini, Karim and Caro, Anthony and Gonçalves, Emanuel J.},
pages = {192-198},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X16300197},
year = {2016},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2017-07-10},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {72},
number = {72},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2016.06.021},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a global conservation and management tool to enhance the resilience of linked social-ecological systems with the aim of conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services for sustainable use. However, MPAs implemented worldwide include a large variety of zoning and management schemes from single to multiple-zoning and from no-take to multiple-use areas. The current IUCN categorisation of MPAs is based on management objectives which many times have a significant mismatch to regulations causing a strong uncertainty when evaluating global MPAs effectiveness. A novel global classification system for MPAs based on regulations of uses as an alternative or complementing the current IUCN system of categories is presented. Scores for uses weighted by their potential impact on biodiversity were built. Each zone within a MPA was scored and an MPA index integrates the zone scores. This system classifies MPAs as well as each MPA zone individually, is globally applicable and unambiguously discriminates the impacts of uses.}
}
@article{halpern_2017-Zi,
title = {Drivers and implications of change in global ocean health over the past five years},
author = {Halpern, Benjamin S. and Frazier, Melanie and Afflerbach, Jamie and OHara, Casey and Katona, Steven and Stewart Lowndes, Julia S. and Jiang, Ning and Pacheco, Erich and Scarborough, Courtney and Polsenberg, Johanna},
pages = {e0178267},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178267},
year = {2017},
month = {jul},
day = {5},
urldate = {2017-07-06},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0178267},
pmid = {28678881},
pmcid = {PMC5497940},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Growing international and national focus on quantitatively measuring and improving ocean health has increased the need for comprehensive, scientific, and repeated indicators to track progress towards achieving policy and societal goals. The Ocean Health Index (OHI) is one of the few indicators available for this purpose. Here we present results from five years of annual global assessment for 220 countries and territories, evaluating potential drivers and consequences of changes and presenting lessons learned about the challenges of using composite indicators to measure sustainability goals. Globally scores have shown little change, as would be expected. However, individual countries have seen notable increases or declines due in particular to improvements in the harvest and management of wild-caught fisheries, the creation of marine protected areas (MPAs), and decreases in natural product harvest. Rapid loss of sea ice and the consequent reduction of coastal protection from that sea ice was also responsible for declines in overall ocean health in many Arctic and sub-Arctic countries. The OHI performed reasonably well at predicting near-term future scores for many of the ten goals measured, but data gaps and limitations hindered these predictions for many other goals. Ultimately, all indicators face the substantial challenge of informing policy for progress toward broad goals and objectives with insufficient monitoring and assessment data. If countries and the global community hope to achieve and maintain healthy oceans, we will need to dedicate significant resources to measuring what we are trying to manage.}
}
@article{anderson_2015-ND,
title = {The fishery performance indicators: A management tool for triple bottom line outcomes},
author = {Anderson, James L. and Anderson, Christopher M. and Chu, Jingjie and Meredith, Jennifer and Asche, Frank and Sylvia, Gil and Smith, Martin D. and Anggraeni, Dessy and Arthur, Robert and Guttormsen, Atle and McCluney, Jessica K. and Ward, Tim and Akpalu, Wisdom and Eggert, H\aakan and Flores, Jimely and Freeman, Matthew A. and Holland, Daniel S. and Knapp, Gunnar and Kobayashi, Mimako and Larkin, Sherry and MacLauchlin, Kari and Schnier, Kurt and Soboil, Mark and Tveteras, Sigbjorn and Uchida, Hirotsugu and Valderrama, Diego},
pages = {e0122809},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122809},
year = {2015},
month = {may},
day = {6},
urldate = {2017-07-06},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0122809},
pmid = {25946194},
pmcid = {PMC4422616},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Pursuit of the triple bottom line of economic, community and ecological sustainability has increased the complexity of fishery management; fisheries assessments require new types of data and analysis to guide science-based policy in addition to traditional biological information and modeling. We introduce the Fishery Performance Indicators (FPIs), a broadly applicable and flexible tool for assessing performance in individual fisheries, and for establishing cross-sectional links between enabling conditions, management strategies and triple bottom line outcomes. Conceptually separating measures of performance, the FPIs use 68 individual outcome metrics--coded on a 1 to 5 scale based on expert assessment to facilitate application to data poor fisheries and sectors--that can be partitioned into sector-based or triple-bottom-line sustainability-based interpretative indicators. Variation among outcomes is explained with 54 similarly structured metrics of inputs, management approaches and enabling conditions. Using 61 initial fishery case studies drawn from industrial and developing countries around the world, we demonstrate the inferential importance of tracking economic and community outcomes, in addition to resource status.}
}
@article{woodcock_2017-Wm,
title = {Your evidence or mine? Systematic evaluation of reviews of marine protected area effectiveness},
author = {Woodcock, Paul and O'Leary, Bethan C and Kaiser, Michel J and Pullin, Andrew S},
pages = {668-681},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/faf.12196},
year = {2017},
month = {jul},
urldate = {2017-07-03},
journal = {Fish Fish},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
issn = {14672960},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12196},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{hargreavesallen_2017-m9,
title = {Drivers of coral reef marine protected area performance.},
author = {Hargreaves-Allen, Venetia Alexa and Mourato, Susana and Milner-Gulland, Eleanor Jane},
pages = {e0179394},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179394},
year = {2017},
month = {jun},
day = {23},
urldate = {2017-07-03},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0179394},
pmid = {28644890},
pmcid = {PMC5482435},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Coral reefs are severely threatened and a principal strategy for their conservation is marine protected areas (MPAs). However the drivers of MPA performance are complex and there are likely to be trade-offs between different types of performance (e.g. conservation or welfare related outcomes). We compiled a global dataset from expert knowledge for 76 coral reef MPAs in 33 countries and identified a set of performance measures reflecting ecological and socio-economic outcomes, achievement of aims and reduction of threats, using spatial or temporal comparisons wherever possible. We wanted to test the extent to which distinct types of performance occurred simultaneously, understood as win-win outcomes. Although certain performance measures were correlated, most were not, suggesting trade-offs that limit the usefulness of composite performance scores. Hypotheses were generated as to the impact of MPA features, aims, location, management and contextual variables on MPA performance from the literature. A multivariate analysis was used to test hypotheses as to the relative importance of these "drivers" on eight uncorrelated performance measures. The analysis supported some hypotheses (e.g. benefit provision for the local community improved performance), but not others (e.g. higher overall budget and more research activity did not). Factors endogenous to the MPA (such as size of the no-take area) were generally more significant drivers of performance than exogenous ones (such as national GDP). Different types of performance were associated with different drivers, exposing the trade-offs inherent in management decisions. The study suggests that managers are able to influence MPA performance in spite of external threats and could inform adaptive management by providing an approach to test for the effects of MPA features and management actions in different contexts and so to inform decisions for allocation of effort or funds to achieve specific goals.}
}
@article{roberts_2017-J9,
title = {Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change},
author = {Roberts, Callum M. and OLeary, Bethan C. and McCauley, Douglas J. and Cury, Philippe Maurice and Duarte, Carlos M. and Lubchenco, Jane and Pauly, Daniel and Sáenz-Arroyo, Andrea and Sumaila, Ussif Rashid and Wilson, Rod W. and Worm, Boris and Castilla, Juan Carlos},
pages = {6167-6175},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1701262114},
year = {2017},
month = {jun},
day = {13},
urldate = {2017-06-10},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
volume = {114},
number = {24},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1701262114},
pmid = {28584096},
pmcid = {PMC5474809},
f1000-projects = {Mobile Protection and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these decreases will not avert serious stress and damage to life on Earth, and additional steps are needed to boost the resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five prominent impacts of climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification of storms, shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability, as well as their cumulative effects. We explore the role of managed ecosystems in mitigating climate change by promoting carbon sequestration and storage and by buffering against uncertainty in management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, and extreme events. We highlight both strengths and limitations and conclude that marine reserves are a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy that would yield multiple cobenefits from local to global scales, improving the outlook for the environment and people into the future.}
}
@article{edgar_2017-Ek,
title = {Consistent multi-level trophic effects of marine reserve protection across northern New Zealand.},
author = {Edgar, Graham J and Stuart-Smith, Rick D and Thomson, Russell J and Freeman, Debbie J},
pages = {e0177216},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177216},
year = {2017},
month = {may},
day = {24},
urldate = {2017-06-05},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0177216},
pmid = {28542268},
pmcid = {PMC5443496},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {Through systematic Reef Life Survey censuses of rocky reef fishes, invertebrates and macroalgae at eight marine reserves across northern New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands, we investigated whether a system of no-take marine reserves generates consistent biodiversity outcomes. Ecological responses of reef assemblages to protection from fishing, including potential trophic cascades, were assessed using a control-impact design for the six marine reserves studied with associated reference sites, and also by comparing observations at reserve sites with predictions from random forest models that assume reserve locations are fished. Reserve sites were characterised by higher abundance and biomass of large fishes than fished sites, most notably for snapper Chrysophrys auratus, with forty-fold higher observed biomass inside relative to out. In agreement with conceptual models, significant reserve effects not only reflected direct interactions between fishing and targeted species (higher large fish biomass; higher snapper and lobster abundance), but also second order interactions (lower urchin abundance), third order interactions (higher kelp cover), and fourth order interactions (lower understory algal cover). Unexpectedly, we also found: (i) a consistent trend for higher (\~20\%) Ecklonia cover across reserves relative to nearby fished sites regardless of lobster and urchin density, (ii) an inconsistent response of crustose coralline algae to urchin density, (iii) low cover of other understory algae in marine reserves with few urchins, and (iv) more variable fish and benthic invertebrate communities at reserve relative to fished locations. Overall, reef food webs showed complex but consistent responses to protection from fishing in well-enforced temperate New Zealand marine reserves. The small proportion of the northeastern New Zealand coastal zone located within marine reserves (\~0.2\%) encompassed a disproportionately large representation of the full range of fish and benthic invertebrate biodiversity within this region.}
}
@article{kramer_1999-Pc,
title = {Implications of fish home range size and relocation for marine reserve function},
author = {Kramer, Donald L and Chapman, Matthew R},
pages = {65-79},
year = {1999},
urldate = {2017-05-09},
journal = {Environ. Biol. Fishes},
volume = {55},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect}
}
@article{costello_2016-XS,
title = {Marine reserves: Sustainable fisheries need reserves.},
author = {Costello, Mark John},
pages = {341},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/540341e},
year = {2016},
month = {dec},
day = {14},
urldate = {2017-01-24},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {540},
number = {7633},
doi = {10.1038/540341e},
pmid = {27974766},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{costello_2008-Ia,
title = {Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse?},
author = {Costello, Christopher and Gaines, Steven D and Lynham, John},
pages = {1678-1681},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1159478},
year = {2008},
month = {sep},
day = {19},
urldate = {2017-04-26},
journal = {Science},
volume = {321},
number = {5896},
issn = {1095-9203},
doi = {10.1126/science.1159478},
pmid = {18801999},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Recent reports suggest that most of the world's commercial fisheries could collapse within decades. Although poor fisheries governance is often implicated, evaluation of solutions remains rare. Bioeconomic theory and case studies suggest that rights-based catch shares can provide individual incentives for sustainable harvest that is less prone to collapse. To test whether catch-share fishery reforms achieve these hypothetical benefits, we have compiled a global database of fisheries institutions and catch statistics in 11,135 fisheries from 1950 to 2003. Implementation of catch shares halts, and even reverses, the global trend toward widespread collapse. Institutional change has the potential for greatly altering the future of global fisheries.}
}
@article{friedlander_2017-oI,
title = {Size, age, and habitat determine effectiveness of Palau's Marine Protected Areas},
author = {Friedlander, Alan M. and Golbuu, Yimnang and Ballesteros, Enric and Caselle, Jennifer E. and Gouezo, Marine and Olsudong, Dawnette and Sala, Enric},
pages = {e0174787},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174787},
year = {2017},
month = {mar},
day = {30},
urldate = {2017-04-24},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0174787},
pmid = {28358910},
pmcid = {PMC5373616},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {Tallas peces kelp forest baja and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Palau has a rich heritage of conservation that has evolved from the traditional moratoria on fishing, or "bul", to more western Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), while still retaining elements of customary management and tenure. In 2003, the Palau Protected Areas Network (PAN) was created to conserve Palau's unique biodiversity and culture, and is the country's mechanism for achieving the goals of the Micronesia Challenge (MC), an initiative to conserve ≥30\% of near-shore marine resources within the region by 2020. The PAN comprises a network of numerous MPAs within Palau that vary in age, size, level of management, and habitat, which provide an excellent opportunity to test hypotheses concerning MPA design and function using multiple discreet sampling units. Our sampling design provided a robust space for time comparison to evaluate the relative influence of potential drivers of MPA efficacy. Our results showed that no-take MPAs had, on average, nearly twice the biomass of resource fishes (i.e. those important commercially, culturally, or for subsistence) compared to nearby unprotected areas. Biomass of non-resource fishes showed no differences between no-take areas and areas open to fishing. The most striking difference between no-take MPAs and unprotected areas was the more than 5-fold greater biomass of piscivorous fishes in the MPAs compared to fished areas. The most important determinates of no-take MPA success in conserving resource fish biomass were MPA size and years of protection. Habitat and distance from shore had little effect on resource fish biomass. The extensive network of MPAs in Palau likely provides important conservation and tourism benefits to the Republic, and may also provide fisheries benefits by protecting spawning aggregation sites, and potentially through adult spillover.}
}
@article{costello_2016-8w,
title = {Global fishery prospects under contrasting management regimes.},
author = {Costello, Christopher and Ovando, Daniel and Clavelle, Tyler and Strauss, C Kent and Hilborn, Ray and Melnychuk, Michael C and Branch, Trevor A and Gaines, Steven D and Szuwalski, Cody S and Cabral, Reniel B and Rader, Douglas N and Leland, Amanda},
pages = {5125-5129},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520420113},
year = {2016},
month = {may},
day = {3},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {113},
number = {18},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1520420113},
pmid = {27035953},
pmcid = {PMC4983844},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Data from 4,713 fisheries worldwide, representing 78\% of global reported fish catch, are analyzed to estimate the status, trends, and benefits of alternative approaches to recovering depleted fisheries. For each fishery, we estimate current biological status and forecast the impacts of contrasting management regimes on catch, profit, and biomass of fish in the sea. We estimate unique recovery targets and trajectories for each fishery, calculate the year-by-year effects of alternative recovery approaches, and model how alternative institutional reforms affect recovery outcomes. Current status is highly heterogeneous-the median fishery is in poor health (overfished, with further overfishing occurring), although 32\% of fisheries are in good biological, although not necessarily economic, condition. Our business-as-usual scenario projects further divergence and continued collapse for many of the world's fisheries. Applying sound management reforms to global fisheries in our dataset could generate annual increases exceeding 16 million metric tons (MMT) in catch, \$53 billion in profit, and 619 MMT in biomass relative to business as usual. We also find that, with appropriate reforms, recovery can happen quickly, with the median fishery taking under 10 y to reach recovery targets. Our results show that commonsense reforms to fishery management would dramatically improve overall fish abundance while increasing food security and profits.}
}
@article{szuwalski_2017-jc,
title = {High fishery catches through trophic cascades in China},
author = {Szuwalski, Cody S. and Burgess, Matthew G. and Costello, Christopher and Gaines, Steven D.},
pages = {717-721},
url = {http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1612722114},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {24},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci USA},
volume = {114},
number = {4},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1612722114},
pmid = {28028218},
pmcid = {PMC5278447},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Indiscriminate and intense fishing has occurred in many marine ecosystems around the world. Although this practice may have negative effects on biodiversity and populations of individual species, it may also increase total fishery productivity by removing predatory fish. We examine the potential for this phenomenon to explain the high reported wild catches in the East China Sea-one of the most productive ecosystems in the world that has also had its catch reporting accuracy and fishery management questioned. We show that reported catches can be approximated using an ecosystem model that allows for trophic cascades (i.e., the depletion of predators and consequent increases in production of their prey). This would be the world's largest known example of marine ecosystem "engineering" and suggests that trade-offs between conservation and food production exist. We project that fishing practices could be modified to increase total catches, revenue, and biomass in the East China Sea, but single-species management would decrease both catches and revenue by reversing the trophic cascades. Our results suggest that implementing single-species management in currently lightly managed and highly exploited multispecies fisheries (which account for a large fraction of global fish catch) may result in decreases in global catch. Efforts to reform management in these fisheries will need to consider system wide impacts of changes in management, rather than focusing only on individual species.}
}
@article{pauly_2005-qV,
title = {Global trends in world fisheries: impacts on marine ecosystems and food security},
author = {Pauly, D. and Watson, R. and Alder, J.},
pages = {5-12},
url = {http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rstb.2004.1574},
year = {2005},
month = {jan},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-02-17},
journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
volume = {360},
number = {1453},
issn = {0962-8436},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2004.1574},
pmid = {15713585},
pmcid = {PMC1636108},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {This contribution, which reviews some broad trends in human history and in the history of fishing, argues that sustainability, however defined, rarely if ever occurred as a result of an explicit policy, but as result of our inability to access a major part of exploited stocks. With the development of industrial fishing, and the resulting invasion of the refuges previously provided by distance and depth, our interactions with fisheries resources have come to resemble the wars of extermination that newly arrived hunters conducted 40,000-50,000 years ago in Australia, and 11,000-13,000 years ago against large terrestrial mammals arrived in North America. These broad trends are documented here through a map of change in fish sizes, which displays characteristic declines, first in the nearshore waters of industrialized countries of the Northern Hemisphere, then spread offshore and to the Southern Hemisphere. This geographical extension met its natural limit in the late 1980s, when the catches from newly accessed stocks ceased to compensate for the collapse in areas accessed earlier, hence leading to a gradual decline of global landing. These trends affect developing countries more than the developed world, which have been able to meet the shortfall by increasing imports from developing countries. These trends, however, together with the rapid growth of farming of carnivorous fishes, which consumes other fishes suited for human consumption, have led to serious food security issues. This promotes urgency to the implementation of the remedies traditionally proposed to alleviate overfishing (reduction of overcapacity, enforcement of conservative total allowable catches, etc.), and to the implementation of non-conventional approaches, notably the re-establishment of the refuges (also known as marine reserves), which made possible the apparent sustainability of pre-industrial fisheries.}
}
@article{johnson_2017-J3,
title = {A spatial method to calculate small-scale fisheries effort in data poor scenarios.},
author = {Johnson, Andrew Frederick and Moreno-Báez, Marcia and Giron-Nava, Alfredo and Corominas, Julia and Erisman, Brad and Ezcurra, Exequiel and Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio},
pages = {e0174064},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174064},
year = {2017},
month = {apr},
day = {13},
urldate = {2017-04-13},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0174064},
pmid = {28406918},
pmcid = {PMC5390979},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {To gauge the collateral impacts of fishing we must know where fishing boats operate and how much they fish. Although small-scale fisheries land approximately the same amount of fish for human consumption as industrial fleets globally, methods of estimating their fishing effort are comparatively poor. We present an accessible, spatial method of calculating the effort of small-scale fisheries based on two simple measures that are available, or at least easily estimated, in even the most data-poor fisheries: the number of boats and the local coastal human population. We illustrate the method using a small-scale fisheries case study from the Gulf of California, Mexico, and show that our measure of Predicted Fishing Effort (PFE), measured as the number of boats operating in a given area per day adjusted by the number of people in local coastal populations, can accurately predict fisheries landings in the Gulf. Comparing our values of PFE to commercial fishery landings throughout the Gulf also indicates that the current number of small-scale fishing boats in the Gulf is approximately double what is required to land theoretical maximum fish biomass. Our method is fishery-type independent and can be used to quantitatively evaluate the efficacy of growth in small-scale fisheries. This new method provides an important first step towards estimating the fishing effort of small-scale fleets globally.}
}
@article{davies_2017-ml,
title = {Use of a counterfactual approach to evaluate the effect of area closures on fishing location in a tropical tuna fishery},
author = {Davies, Tim K. and Mees, Chris C. and Milner-Gulland, E. J.},
pages = {e0174758},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174758},
year = {2017},
month = {mar},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-04-04},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0174758},
pmid = {28355269},
pmcid = {PMC5371335},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Spatial closures are widely used in marine conservation and fisheries management and it is important to understand their contribution to achieving management objectives. Many previous evaluations of closed area effects have used before-after comparisons, which, without controlling for a full range of factors, cannot ascribe changes in fleet behaviour to area closures per se. In this study we used a counterfactual approach to disentangle the effect of two closed areas on fishing location from other competing effects on the behaviour of the Indian Ocean tuna purse seine fishery. Our results revealed an inconsistent effect of the one of the closed areas between years, after taking into account the influence of environmental conditions on fleet behaviour. This suggests that the policy of closing the area per se was not the main driver for the fleet allocating its effort elsewhere. We also showed a marked difference in effect between the two closed areas resulting from their different locations in the fishery area. These findings highlight the need to account for other key fleet behavioural drivers when predicting or evaluating the contribution of area closures to achieving conservation and fishery management objectives.}
}
@article{marks_2003-aW,
title = {Appendix two. fish biomass conversion equations},
author = {Marks, Kenneth W. and Klomp, Kristi D.},
pages = {625-626},
url = {https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/4807},
year = {2003},
urldate = {2017-02-28},
journal = {Atoll Res Bull},
volume = {496},
number = {35},
issn = {00775630},
doi = {10.5479/si.00775630.496-35.625},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@book{fraga_2008-b7,
title = {Coastal and Marine Protected Areas in Mexico},
author = {Fraga, Julia and Jesus, Ana},
editor = {Menon, Anil},
publisher = {International Collective in Support of Fishworkers},
year = {2008},
urldate = {2017-02-26},
isbn = {9788190676533},
address = {Chennai, India},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{bonaldo_2017-Ec,
title = {Small marine protected areas in fiji provide refuge for reef fish assemblages, feeding groups, and corals.},
author = {Bonaldo, Roberta M and Pires, Mathias M and Guimarães, Paulo Roberto and Hoey, Andrew S and Hay, Mark E},
pages = {e0170638},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170638},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {25},
urldate = {2017-02-18},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0170638},
pmid = {28122006},
pmcid = {PMC5266309},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The establishment of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) on coral reefs is a common management strategy for conserving the diversity, abundance, and biomass of reef organisms. Generally, well-managed and enforced MPAs can increase or maintain the diversity and function of the enclosed coral reef, with some of the benefits extending to adjacent non-protected reefs. A fundamental question in coral reef conservation is whether these benefits arise within small MPAs (\textless 1 km2), because larval input of reef organisms is largely decoupled from local adult reproduction. We examined the structure of fish assemblages, composition of fish feeding groups, benthic cover, and key ecosystem processes (grazing, macroalgal browsing, and coral replenishment) in three small (0.5-0.8 km2) no-take MPAs and adjacent areas where fisheries are allowed (non-MPAs) on coral reefs in Fiji. The MPAs exhibited greater species richness, density, and biomass of fishes than non-MPAs. Furthermore, MPAs contained a greater abundance and biomass of grazing herbivores and piscivores as well as a greater abundance of cleaners than fished areas. We also found differences in fish associations when foraging, with feeding groups being generally more diverse and having greater biomass within MPAs than adjacent non-MPAs. Grazing by parrotfishes was 3-6 times greater, and macroalgal browsing was 3-5 times greater in MPAs than in non-MPAs. On average, MPAs had 260-280\% as much coral cover and only 5-25\% as much macroalgal cover as their paired non-MPA sites. Finally, two of the three MPAs had three-fold more coral recruits than adjacent non-MPAs. The results of this study indicate that small MPAs benefit not only populations of reef fishes, but also enhance ecosystem processes that are critical to reef resilience within the MPAs.}
}
@article{smith_2017-Ip,
title = {Seafood prices reveal impacts of a major ecological disturbance.},
author = {Smith, Martin D and Oglend, Atle and Kirkpatrick, A Justin and Asche, Frank and Bennear, Lori S and Craig, J Kevin and Nance, James M},
pages = {1512-1517},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617948114},
year = {2017},
month = {feb},
day = {14},
urldate = {2017-02-18},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {114},
number = {7},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1617948114},
pmid = {28137850},
pmcid = {PMC5321038},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Coastal hypoxia (dissolved oxygen ≤ 2 mg/L) is a growing problem worldwide that threatens marine ecosystem services, but little is known about economic effects on fisheries. Here, we provide evidence that hypoxia causes economic impacts on a major fishery. Ecological studies of hypoxia and marine fauna suggest multiple mechanisms through which hypoxia can skew a population's size distribution toward smaller individuals. These mechanisms produce sharp predictions about changes in seafood markets. Hypoxia is hypothesized to decrease the quantity of large shrimp relative to small shrimp and increase the price of large shrimp relative to small shrimp. We test these hypotheses using time series of size-based prices. Naive quantity-based models using treatment/control comparisons in hypoxic and nonhypoxic areas produce null results, but we find strong evidence of the hypothesized effects in the relative prices: Hypoxia increases the relative price of large shrimp compared with small shrimp. The effects of fuel prices provide supporting evidence. Empirical models of fishing effort and bioeconomic simulations explain why quantifying effects of hypoxia on fisheries using quantity data has been inconclusive. Specifically, spatial-dynamic feedbacks across the natural system (the fish stock) and human system (the mobile fishing fleet) confound "treated" and "control" areas. Consequently, analyses of price data, which rely on a market counterfactual, are able to reveal effects of the ecological disturbance that are obscured in quantity data. Our results are an important step toward quantifying the economic value of reduced upstream nutrient loading in the Mississippi Basin and are broadly applicable to other coupled human-natural systems.}
}
@article{ostrom_2009-hg,
title = {A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems},
author = {Ostrom, E.},
pages = {419-422},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/doi/10.1126/science.1172133},
year = {2009},
month = {jul},
day = {24},
urldate = {2017-02-17},
journal = {Science},
volume = {325},
number = {5939},
issn = {0036-8075},
doi = {10.1126/science.1172133},
pmid = {19628857},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and Social Ecological Systems and TURFeffect},
abstract = {A major problem worldwide is the potential loss of fisheries, forests, and water resources. Understanding of the processes that lead to improvements in or deterioration of natural resources is limited, because scientific disciplines use different concepts and languages to describe and explain complex social-ecological systems (SESs). Without a common framework to organize findings, isolated knowledge does not cumulate. Until recently, accepted theory has assumed that resource users will never self-organize to maintain their resources and that governments must impose solutions. Research in multiple disciplines, however, has found that some government policies accelerate resource destruction, whereas some resource users have invested their time and energy to achieve sustainability. A general framework is used to identify 10 subsystem variables that affect the likelihood of self-organization in efforts to achieve a sustainable SES.}
}
@article{agardy_2011-Rf,
title = {Mind the gap: Addressing the shortcomings of marine protected areas through large scale marine spatial planning},
author = {Agardy, Tundi and di Sciara, Giuseppe Notarbartolo and Christie, Patrick},
pages = {226-232},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X10001740},
year = {2011},
month = {mar},
urldate = {2017-02-16},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2010.10.006},
keywords = {General MPA and Read and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {Mobile Protection and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{moland_2013-VP,
title = {Lobster and cod benefit from small-scale northern marine protected areas: inference from an empirical before-after control-impact study},
author = {Moland, E. and Olsen, E. M. and Knutsen, H. and Garrigou, P. and Espeland, S. H. and Kleiven, A. R. and Andre, C. and Knutsen, J. A.},
pages = {20122679-20122679},
url = {http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/cgi/doi/10.1098/rspb.2012.2679},
year = {2013},
month = {jan},
day = {8},
urldate = {2017-01-25},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences},
volume = {280},
number = {1754},
issn = {0962-8452},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2012.2679},
pmid = {23303544},
pmcid = {PMC3574327},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly implemented as tools to conserve and manage fisheries and target species. Because there are opportunity costs to conservation, there is a need for science-based assessment of MPAs. Here, we present one of the northernmost documentations of MPA effects to date, demonstrated by a replicated before-after control-impact (BACI) approach. In 2006, MPAs were implemented along the Norwegian Skagerrak coast offering complete protection to shellfish and partial protection to fish. By 2010, European lobster (Homarus gammarus) catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) had increased by 245 per cent in MPAs, whereas CPUE in control areas had increased by 87 per cent. Mean size of lobsters increased by 13 per cent in MPAs, whereas increase in control areas was negligible. Furthermore, MPA-responses and population development in control areas varied significantly among regions. This illustrates the importance of a replicated BACI design for reaching robust conclusions and management decisions. Partial protection of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was followed by an increase in population density and body size compared with control areas. By 2010, MPA cod were on average 5 cm longer than in any of the control areas. MPAs can be useful management tools in rebuilding and conserving portions of depleted lobster populations in northern temperate waters, and even for a mobile temperate fish species such as the Atlantic cod.}
}
@article{sutherland_2017-Kq,
title = {A 2017 horizon scan of emerging issues for global conservation and biological diversity.},
author = {Sutherland, William J and Barnard, Phoebe and Broad, Steven and Clout, Mick and Connor, Ben and Côté, Isabelle M and Dicks, Lynn V and Doran, Helen and Entwistle, Abigail C and Fleishman, Erica and Fox, Marie and Gaston, Kevin J and Gibbons, David W and Jiang, Zhigang and Keim, Brandon and Lickorish, Fiona A and Markillie, Paul and Monk, Kathryn A and Pearce-Higgins, James W and Peck, Lloyd S and Pretty, Jules and Spalding, Mark D and Tonneijck, Femke H and Wintle, Bonnie C and Ockendon, Nancy},
pages = {31-40},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2016.11.005},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
urldate = {2017-02-08},
journal = {Trends Ecol Evol (Amst)},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2016.11.005},
pmid = {27955953},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect global biological diversity, the environment, and conservation efforts in the future. The potential effects of these novel issues might not yet be fully recognized or understood by the global conservation community, and the issues can be regarded as both opportunities and risks. A diverse international team with collective expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, and conservation research, practice, and policy reviewed 100 potential issues and identified 15 that qualified as emerging, with potential substantial global effects. These issues include new developments in energy storage and fuel production, sand extraction, potential solutions to combat coral bleaching and invasive marine species, and blockchain technology. Copyright \copyright 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.}
}
@article{difranco_2016-Xw,
title = {Five key attributes can increase marine protected areas performance for small-scale fisheries management.},
author = {Di Franco, Antonio and Thiriet, Pierre and Di Carlo, Giuseppe and Dimitriadis, Charalampos and Francour, Patrice and Gutiérrez, Nicolas L and Jeudy de Grissac, Alain and Koutsoubas, Drosos and Milazzo, Marco and Otero, María Del Mar and Piante, Catherine and Plass-Johnson, Jeremiah and Sainz-Trapaga, Susana and Santarossa, Luca and Tudela, Sergi and Guidetti, Paolo},
pages = {38135},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38135},
year = {2016},
month = {dec},
day = {1},
urldate = {2017-02-08},
journal = {Sci Rep},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1038/srep38135},
pmid = {27905533},
pmcid = {PMC5131471},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) have largely proven to be effective tools for conserving marine ecosystem, while socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs to fisheries are still under debate. Many MPAs embed a no-take zone, aiming to preserve natural populations and ecosystems, within a buffer zone where potentially sustainable activities are allowed. Small-scale fisheries (\SSF) within buffer zones can be highly beneficial by promoting local socio-economies. However, guidelines to successfully manage \SSFs within MPAs, ensuring both conservation and fisheries goals, and reaching a win-win scenario, are largely unavailable. From the peer-reviewed literature, grey-literature and interviews, we assembled a unique database of ecological, social and economic attributes of \SSF in 25 Mediterranean MPAs. Using random forest with Boruta algorithm we identified a set of attributes determining successful \SSFs management within MPAs. We show that fish stocks are healthier, fishermen incomes are higher and the social acceptance of management practices is fostered if five attributes are present (i.e. high MPA enforcement, presence of a management plan, fishermen engagement in MPA management, fishermen representative in the MPA board, and promotion of sustainable fishing). These findings are pivotal to Mediterranean coastal communities so they can achieve conservation goals while allowing for profitable exploitation of fisheries resources.}
}
@article{smith_1993-Q6,
title = {Impact Assessment Using the Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) Model: Concerns and Comments},
author = {Smith, Eric P. and Orvos, David R. and Cairns Jr., John},
pages = {627-637},
url = {http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/f93-072},
year = {1993},
month = {mar},
urldate = {2017-02-05},
journal = {Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
issn = {0706-652X},
doi = {10.1139/f93-072},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{mccay_2017-1m,
title = {Territorial use rights in fisheries of the northern Pacific coast of Mexico},
author = {McCay, BonnieJ},
pages = {69-81},
url = {http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.5343/bms.2015.1091},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {1},
urldate = {2017-01-07},
journal = {BMS},
volume = {93},
number = {1},
issn = {0007-4977},
doi = {10.5343/bms.2015.1091},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{boersma_1999-4G,
title = {Limiting abuse: marine protected areas, a limited solution},
author = {Boersma, P.Dee and Parrish, Julia K},
pages = {287-304},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0921800999000853},
year = {1999},
month = {nov},
urldate = {2017-01-24},
journal = {Ecological Economics},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
issn = {09218009},
doi = {10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00085-3},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@misc{villaseorderbez_website_2015-E6,
title = {Effects of short-term marine reserves on grouper and bass populations \textbar},
author = {Villaseñor-Derbez, Juan Carlos and Hernández-Velasco, Arturo and Erauskin, Maite and Fulton, Stuart and Cota Nieto, Juan José and Torre-Cosío, Jorge and Herzka-Llona, Sharon and Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio},
url = {http://datamares.ucsd.edu/eng/projects/fisheries/effects-of-short-term-marine-reserves-on-grouper-and-bass-populations/},
year = {2015},
urldate = {2017-01-20},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and Publications and TURFeffect},
journal = {dataMares},
type = {WEBSITE}
}
@article{krueck_2017-J1,
title = {Marine reserve targets to sustain and rebuild unregulated fisheries.},
author = {Krueck, Nils C and Ahmadia, Gabby N and Possingham, Hugh P and Riginos, Cynthia and Treml, Eric A and Mumby, Peter J},
pages = {e2000537},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2000537},
year = {2017},
month = {jan},
day = {5},
urldate = {2017-01-24},
journal = {PLoS Biol},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.2000537},
pmid = {28056064},
pmcid = {PMC5215937},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Overfishing threatens the sustainability of coastal marine biodiversity, especially in tropical developing countries. To counter this problem, about 200 governments worldwide have committed to protecting 10\%-20\% of national coastal marine areas. However, associated impacts on fisheries productivity are unclear and could weaken the food security of hundreds of millions of people who depend on diverse and largely unregulated fishing activities. Here, we present a systematic theoretic analysis of the ability of reserves to rebuild fisheries under such complex conditions, and we identify maximum reserve coverages for biodiversity conservation that do not impair long-term fisheries productivity. Our analysis assumes that fishers have no viable alternative to fishing, such that total fishing effort remains constant (at best). We find that realistic reserve networks, which protect 10\%-30\% of fished habitats in 1-20 km wide reserves, should benefit the long-term productivity of almost any complex fishery. We discover a "rule of thumb" to safeguard against the long-term catch depletion of particular species: individual reserves should export 30\% or more of locally produced larvae to adjacent fishing grounds. Specifically on coral reefs, where fishers tend to overexploit species whose dispersal distances as larvae exceed the home ranges of adults, decisions on the size of reserves needed to meet the 30\% larval export rule are unlikely to compromise the protection of resident adults. Even achieving the modest Aichi Target 11 of 10\% "effective protection" can then help rebuild depleted catch. However, strictly protecting 20\%-30\% of fished habitats is unlikely to diminish catch even if overfishing is not yet a problem while providing greater potential for biodiversity conservation and fishery rebuilding if overfishing is substantial. These findings are important because they suggest that doubling or tripling the only globally enforced marine reserve target will benefit biodiversity conservation and higher fisheries productivity where both are most urgently needed.}
}
@book{suman_2010-ez,
title = {Manual de Instruccion de Reef Check California: Guia de instruccion para el monitoreo del bosque de sargazo en la Peninsula de Baja California},
author = {Suman, Craig S and Saenz-Arroyo, Andrea and Dawson, Cyndi and Luna, Mary C},
publisher = {Reef Check Foundation},
year = {2010},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
address = {Pacific Palisades, CA, USA},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{buxton_2014-E5,
title = {When is spillover from marine reserves likely to benefit fisheries?},
author = {Buxton, Colin D and Hartmann, Klaas and Kearney, Robert and Gardner, Caleb},
pages = {e107032},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107032},
year = {2014},
month = {sep},
day = {4},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0107032},
pmid = {25188380},
pmcid = {PMC4154848},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The net movement of individuals from marine reserves (also known as no-take marine protected areas) to the remaining fishing grounds is known as spillover and is frequently used to promote reserves to fishers on the grounds that it will benefit fisheries. Here we consider how mismanaged a fishery must be before spillover from a reserve is able to provide a net benefit for a fishery. For our model fishery, density of the species being harvested becomes higher in the reserve than in the fished area but the reduction in the density and yield of the fished area was such that the net effect of the closure was negative, except when the fishery was mismanaged. The extent to which effort had to exceed traditional management targets before reserves led to a spillover benefit varied with rates of growth and movement of the model species. In general, for well-managed fisheries, the loss of yield from the use of reserves was less for species with greater movement and slower growth. The spillover benefit became more pronounced with increasing mis-management of the stocks remaining available to the fishery. This model-based result is consistent with the literature of field-based research where a spillover benefit from reserves has only been detected when the fishery is highly depleted, often where traditional fisheries management controls are absent. We conclude that reserves in jurisdictions with well-managed fisheries are unlikely to provide a net spillover benefit.}
}
@phdthesis{shester_2008-nk,
title = {Sustainability in small-scale fisheries: An analysis of ecosystem impacts, fishing behavior, and spatial management using participatory research methods},
author = {Shester, Geoffrey, G},
school = {Stanfrod University},
url = {http://gradworks.umi.com/33/32/3332993.html},
year = {2008},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {nthropogenic impacts to ocean ecosystems have been well documented throughout the globe, highlighting commercial fishing as a primary threat to marine life populations and habitats. Small-scale commercial fishing operations provide more than half of the world's seafood, employ over 90\% of all fishermen, and take place along a vast proportion of the world's coastline. Their local, decentralized nature poses unique challenges for research, data collection, and management, particularly in developing nations. As a result, a focus on large, industrial fisheries has discounted the potential impacts of small-scale fisheries, leading to an assumption that they are generally more sustainable. My research on two remote fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico asks to what extent these small-scale fisheries are sustainable, and in cases where significant ecological impacts do occur, I offer and compare several distinct conservation approaches. While engaging fishermen to participate directly in the data collection, I begin by conducting a series of studies that examine how small-scale fisheries interact with marine ecosystems. I quantitatively assess potential ecological effects including bycatch of non-target species and damage to seafloor habitats resulting from several common fishing practices and find that the type and magnitude of impacts are significantly different across small-scale fishing gears. Set gillnets have higher bycatch and habitat impacts than other fishing gears, representing a major priority for small-scale fishery conservation. I also analyze fine-scale fishing behavior in the lobster fishery to help explain why some fishermen are more successful than others and how marine habitat characteristics and resource distribution influence their gear placement strategies. Observable trap movement behaviors on a limited number of fishing trips significantly explained differences in overall catch success among fishermen throughout the entire season. My findings are helping fishing cooperatives maintain a certified Marine Stewardship Council eco-label while highlighting areas for improved performance in terms of profitability and sustainability. Meanwhile, I suggest that the future of ecolabeling efforts in small-scale fisheries should address the full suite of fishing activities rather than single species, actively seek and train fishermen to collect data required for assessments, and use data gathered in assessments articulate specific improvements in the social and ecological context of each fishing community. To provide management options to reduce the ecological impacts of set gillnets I identified, I develop and analyze the outcomes of a spatially-explicit bioeconomic model that reduces those impacts by redistributing fishing effort across different spatial zones, converting to alternative gear types, closing certain areas to fishing, and reducing total fishing effort. I use the model to construct a series of implementable, cost-effective management alternatives and compare them based on their ecological and economic outcomes. Overall, this thesis provides a framework for a participatory conservation paradigm aimed at making small-scale fisheries more sustainable while providing broadly applicable tools for other fisheries as well.},
type = {THESIS.DOCTORAL}
}
@article{dasilva_2015-zX,
title = {Spillover effects of a community-managed marine reserve.},
author = {da Silva, Isabel Marques and Hill, Nick and Shimadzu, Hideyasu and Soares, Amadeu M V M and Dornelas, Maria},
pages = {e0111774},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111774},
year = {2015},
month = {apr},
day = {30},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0111774},
pmid = {25927235},
pmcid = {PMC4415971},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The value of no-take marine reserves as fisheries-management tools is controversial, particularly in high-poverty areas where human populations depend heavily on fish as a source of protein. Spillover, the net export of adult fish, is one mechanism by which no-take marine reserves may have a positive influence on adjacent fisheries. Spillover can contribute to poverty alleviation, although its effect is modulated by the number of fishermen and fishing intensity. In this study, we quantify the effects of a community-managed marine reserve in a high poverty area of Northern Mozambique. For this purpose, underwater visual censuses of reef fish were undertaken at three different times: 3 years before (2003), at the time of establishment (2006) and 6 years after the marine reserve establishment (2012). The survey locations were chosen inside, outside and on the border of the marine reserve. Benthic cover composition was quantified at the same sites in 2006 and 2012. After the reserve establishment, fish sizes were also estimated. Regression tree models show that the distance from the border and the time after reserve establishment were the variables with the strongest effect on fish abundance. The extent and direction of the spillover depends on trophic group and fish size. Poisson Generalized Linear Models show that, prior to the reserve establishment, the survey sites did not differ but, after 6 years, the abundance of all fish inside the reserve has increased and caused spillover of herbivorous fish. Spillover was detected 1 km beyond the limit of the reserve for small herbivorous fishes. Six years after the establishment of a community-managed reserve, the fish assemblages have changed dramatically inside the reserve, and spillover is benefitting fish assemblages outside the reserve.}
}
@article{biggs_2016-Hf,
title = {Potential Synergies between Nature-Based Tourism and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources: Insights from Dive Tourism in Territorial User Rights for Fisheries in Chile.},
author = {Biggs, Duan and Amar, Francisca and Valdebenito, Abel and Gelcich, Stefan},
pages = {e0148862},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148862},
year = {2016},
month = {mar},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0148862},
pmid = {27023451},
pmcid = {PMC4811548},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Novel solutions to conserve biodiversity whilst allowing for resource harvesting are urgently needed. In marine systems, Territorial User Rights for Fisheries (TURFs) are promoted to enable sustainable use of resources. We investigate the potential for synergies between nature-based tourism and TURFs on Chile's central coast. Of 135 recreational divers surveyed, 77\% indicated that the fish species they preferred sighting were declining and 80\% indicated that they would dive more often in TURFs, which have higher abundance of favoured species. Regression analysis shows that respondents that perceive that TURFs fulfil a conservation function are more willing to pay to dive in a TURF. However, respondents who understand the bureaucratic functioning of a TURF are less willing to pay, and there is diversity in how divers feel payments should be made. A participatory approach is required to navigate these complexities to achieve synergies between nature-based tourism and resource harvesting in TURFs.}
}
@article{rocliffe_2014--M,
title = {Towards a network of locally managed marine areas (LMMAs) in the Western Indian Ocean.},
author = {Rocliffe, Steve and Peabody, Shawn and Samoilys, Melita and Hawkins, Julie P},
pages = {e103000},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103000},
year = {2014},
month = {jul},
day = {23},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {9},
number = {7},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0103000},
pmid = {25054340},
pmcid = {PMC4108387},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {In the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), local communities are increasingly assuming responsibility for inshore marine resources either on their own or through collaborative management arrangements with governments or non-state actors. In this paper, we trace the evolution and expansion of community management in the WIO and present the first ever inventory and assessment of the region's locally managed marine areas (LMMAs). We compare the key attributes of these areas to those under government stewardship and assess their relative contributions to progress towards the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) target of 10\% of marine and coastal ecological regions to be effectively conserved by 2020. We also explore the legal frameworks that underpin locally managed marine initiatives in Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique and Tanzania to assess the potential for future expansion. A principal finding is that whilst LMMAs protect more than 11,000 square kilometres of marine resource in the WIO, they are hampered by underdeveloped local and national legal structures and enforcement mechanisms. In our recommendations to improve local management, we suggest establishing a network of LMMA practitioners in the WIO region to share experiences and best practice.}
}
@article{purcell_2016-Bt,
title = {Multiple factors affect socioeconomics and wellbeing of artisanal sea cucumber fishers.},
author = {Purcell, Steven W and Ngaluafe, Poasi and Foale, Simon J and Cocks, Nicole and Cullis, Brian R and Lalavanua, Watisoni},
pages = {e0165633},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165633},
year = {2016},
month = {dec},
day = {8},
urldate = {2017-01-21},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0165633},
pmid = {27930649},
pmcid = {PMC5145150},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Small-scale fisheries are important to livelihoods and subsistence seafood consumption of millions of fishers. Sea cucumbers are fished worldwide for export to Asia, yet few studies have assessed factors affecting socioeconomics and wellbeing among fishers. We interviewed 476 men and women sea cucumber fishers at multiple villages within multiple locations in Fiji, Kiribati, Tonga and New Caledonia using structured questionnaires. Low rates of subsistence consumption confirmed a primary role of sea cucumbers in income security. Prices of sea cucumbers sold by fishers varied greatly among countries, depending on the species. Gender variation in landing prices could be due to women catching smaller sea cucumbers or because some traders take advantage of them. Dissatisfaction with fishery income was common (44\% of fishers), especially for i-Kiribati fishers, male fishers, and fishers experiencing difficulty selling their catch, but was uncorrelated with sale prices. Income dissatisfaction worsened with age. The number of livelihood activities averaged 2.2-2.5 across countries, and varied significantly among locations. Sea cucumbers were often a primary source of income to fishers, especially in Tonga. Other common livelihood activities were fishing other marine resources, copra production in Kiribati, agriculture in Fiji, and salaried jobs in New Caledonia. Fishing other coastal and coral reef resources was the most common fall-back livelihood option if fishers were forced to exit the fishery. Our data highlight large disparities in subsistence consumption, gender-related price equity, and livelihood diversity among parallel artisanal fisheries. Improvement of supply chains in dispersed small-scale fisheries appears as a critical need for enhancing income and wellbeing of fishers. Strong evidence for co-dependence among small-scale fisheries, through fall-back livelihood preferences of fishers, suggests that resource managers must mitigate concomitant effects on other fisheries when considering fishery closures. That is likely to depend on livelihood diversification programs to take pressure off co-dependent fisheries.}
}
@article{halpern_2008-dK,
title = {A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems},
author = {Halpern, Benjamin S. and Walbridge, Shaun and Selkoe, Kimberly A. and Kappel, Carrie V. and Micheli, Fiorenza and D'Agrosa, Caterina and Bruno, John F. and Casey, Kenneth S. and Ebert, Colin and Fox, Helen E. and Fujita, Rod and Heinemann, Dennis and Lenihan, Hunter S. and Madin, Elizabeth M. P. and Perry, Matthew T. and Selig, Elizabeth R. and Spalding, Mark and Steneck, Robert and Watson, Reg},
pages = {948-952},
url = {http://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1149345},
year = {2008},
month = {feb},
day = {15},
urldate = {2017-01-20},
journal = {Science},
volume = {319},
number = {5865},
issn = {0036-8075},
doi = {10.1126/science.1149345},
pmid = {18276889},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The management and conservation of the world's oceans require synthesis of spatial data on the distribution and intensity of human activities and the overlap of their impacts on marine ecosystems. We developed an ecosystem-specific, multiscale spatial model to synthesize 17 global data sets of anthropogenic drivers of ecological change for 20 marine ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that no area is unaffected by human influence and that a large fraction (41\%) is strongly affected by multiple drivers. However, large areas of relatively little human impact remain, particularly near the poles. The analytical process and resulting maps provide flexible tools for regional and global efforts to allocate conservation resources; to implement ecosystem-based management; and to inform marine spatial planning, education, and basic research.}
}
@article{aburtooropeza_2011-ya,
title = {Large Recovery of Fish Biomass in a No-Take Marine Reserve},
author = {Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio and Erisman, Brad and Galland, Grantly R. and Mascareñas-Osorio, Ismael and Sala, Enric and Ezcurra, Exequiel},
pages = {e23601},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023601},
year = {2011},
month = {aug},
day = {12},
urldate = {2017-01-20},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {6},
number = {8},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0023601},
pmid = {21858183},
pmcid = {PMC3155316},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {No-take marine reserves are effective management tools used to restore fish biomass and community structure in areas depleted by overfishing. Cabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP) was created in 1995 and is the only well enforced no-take area in the Gulf of California, Mexico, mostly because of widespread support from the local community. In 1999, four years after the establishment of the reserve, there were no significant differences in fish biomass between CPNP (0.75 t ha(-1) on average) and other marine protected areas or open access areas in the Gulf of California. By 2009, total fish biomass at CPNP had increased to 4.24 t ha(-1) (absolute biomass increase of 3.49 t ha(-1), or 463\%), and the biomass of top predators and carnivores increased by 11 and 4 times, respectively. However, fish biomass did not change significantly in other marine protected areas or open access areas over the same time period. The absolute increase in fish biomass at CPNP within a decade is the largest measured in a marine reserve worldwide, and it is likely due to a combination of social (strong community leadership, social cohesion, effective enforcement) and ecological factors. The recovery of fish biomass inside CPNP has resulted in significant economic benefits, indicating that community-managed marine reserves are a viable solution to unsustainable coastal development and fisheries collapse in the Gulf of California and elsewhere.}
}
@article{guidetti_2014-8Z,
title = {Large-Scale Assessment of Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas Effects on Fish Assemblages},
author = {Guidetti, Paolo and Baiata, Pasquale and Ballesteros, Enric and Di Franco, Antonio and Hereu, Bernat and Macpherson, Enrique and Micheli, Fiorenza and Pais, Antonio and Panzalis, Pieraugusto and Rosenberg, Andrew A. and Zabala, Mikel and Sala, Enric},
pages = {e91841},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091841},
year = {2014},
month = {apr},
day = {16},
urldate = {2017-01-20},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0091841},
pmid = {24740479},
pmcid = {PMC3989174},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) were acknowledged globally as effective tools to mitigate the threats to oceans caused by fishing. Several studies assessed the effectiveness of individual MPAs in protecting fish assemblages, but regional assessments of multiple MPAs are scarce. Moreover, empirical evidence on the role of MPAs in contrasting the propagation of non-indigenous-species (NIS) and thermophilic species (ThS) is missing. We simultaneously investigated here the role of MPAs in reversing the effects of overfishing and in limiting the spread of NIS and ThS. The Mediterranean Sea was selected as study area as it is a region where 1) MPAs are numerous, 2) fishing has affected species and ecosystems, and 3) the arrival of NIS and the northward expansion of ThS took place. Fish surveys were done in well-enforced no-take MPAs (HP), partially-protected MPAs (IP) and fished areas (F) at 30 locations across the Mediterranean. Significantly higher fish biomass was found in HP compared to IP MPAs and F. Along a recovery trajectory from F to HP MPAs, IP were similar to F, showing that just well enforced MPAs triggers an effective recovery. Within HP MPAs, trophic structure of fish assemblages resembled a top-heavy biomass pyramid. Although the functional structure of fish assemblages was consistent among HP MPAs, species driving the recovery in HP MPAs differed among locations: this suggests that the recovery trajectories in HP MPAs are likely to be functionally similar (i.e., represented by predictable changes in trophic groups, especially fish predators), but the specific composition of the resulting assemblages may depend on local conditions. Our study did not show any effect of MPAs on NIS and ThS. These results may help provide more robust expectations, at proper regional scale, about the effects of new MPAs that may be established in the Mediterranean Sea and other ecoregions worldwide.}
}
@article{sala_2012-yu,
title = {The structure of Mediterranean rocky reef ecosystems across environmental and human gradients, and conservation implications.},
author = {Sala, Enric and Ballesteros, Enric and Dendrinos, Panagiotis and Di Franco, Antonio and Ferretti, Francesco and Foley, David and Fraschetti, Simonetta and Friedlander, Alan and Garrabou, Joaquim and Güçlüsoy, Harun and Guidetti, Paolo and Halpern, Benjamin S and Hereu, Bernat and Karamanlidis, Alexandros A and Kizilkaya, Zafer and Macpherson, Enrique and Mangialajo, Luisa and Mariani, Simone and Micheli, Fiorenza and Pais, Antonio and Riser, Kristin and Rosenberg, Andrew A and Sales, Marta and Selkoe, Kimberly A and Starr, Rick and Tomas, Fiona and Zabala, Mikel},
pages = {e32742},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032742},
year = {2012},
month = {feb},
day = {29},
urldate = {2017-01-20},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0032742},
pmid = {22393445},
pmcid = {PMC3290621},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Historical exploitation of the Mediterranean Sea and the absence of rigorous baselines makes it difficult to evaluate the current health of the marine ecosystems and the efficacy of conservation actions at the ecosystem level. Here we establish the first current baseline and gradient of ecosystem structure of nearshore rocky reefs at the Mediterranean scale. We conducted underwater surveys in 14 marine protected areas and 18 open access sites across the Mediterranean, and across a 31-fold range of fish biomass (from 3.8 to 118 g m(-2)). Our data showed remarkable variation in the structure of rocky reef ecosystems. Multivariate analysis showed three alternative community states: (1) large fish biomass and reefs dominated by non-canopy algae, (2) lower fish biomass but abundant native algal canopies and suspension feeders, and (3) low fish biomass and extensive barrens, with areas covered by turf algae. Our results suggest that the healthiest shallow rocky reef ecosystems in the Mediterranean have both large fish and algal biomass. Protection level and primary production were the only variables significantly correlated to community biomass structure. Fish biomass was significantly larger in well-enforced no-take marine reserves, but there were no significant differences between multi-use marine protected areas (which allow some fishing) and open access areas at the regional scale. The gradients reported here represent a trajectory of degradation that can be used to assess the health of any similar habitat in the Mediterranean, and to evaluate the efficacy of marine protected areas.}
}
@article{wilson_1998-Vl,
title = {How the participants talk about \textquotedblleftparticipation\textquotedblright in Mid-Atlantic fisheries management},
author = {Wilson, Douglas C. and McCay, Bonnie J.},
pages = {41-61},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569198000805},
year = {1998},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Ocean Coast Manag},
volume = {41},
number = {1},
issn = {09645691},
doi = {10.1016/S0964-5691(98)00080-5},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{salas_2007-XB,
title = {Challenges in the assessment and management of small-scale fisheries in Latin America and the Caribbean},
author = {Salas, Silvia and Chuenpagdee, Ratana and Seijo, Juan Carlos and Charles, Anthony},
pages = {5-16},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165783607001555},
year = {2007},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
issn = {01657836},
doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2007.06.015},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{mccay_1990-81,
title = {Social structure and debates on fisheries management in the Atlantic surf clam fishery},
author = {McCay, Bonnie J. and Creed, Carolyn F.},
pages = {199-229},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/095183129090003Z},
year = {1990},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Ocean and Shoreline Management},
volume = {13},
number = {3-4},
issn = {09518312},
doi = {10.1016/0951-8312(90)90003-Z},
keywords = {Policy and TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{kaplan_2004-Nj,
title = {Cooperative research, co-management and the social dimension of fisheries science and management},
author = {Kaplan, I},
pages = {257-258},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X03000903},
year = {2004},
month = {may},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2003.08.003},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{jentoft_1998-Fa,
title = {Social theory and fisheries co-management},
author = {Jentoft, Svein and McCay, Bonnie J. and Wilson, Douglas C.},
pages = {423-436},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X97000407},
year = {1998},
month = {jul},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {22},
number = {4-5},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/S0308-597X(97)00040-7},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{jentoft_1995-1A,
title = {User participation in fisheries management: lessons drawn from international experiences},
author = {Jentoft, Svein and McCay, Bonnie},
pages = {227-246},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0308597X9400010P},
year = {1995},
month = {may},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/0308-597X(94)00010-P},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{heyman_2012-QJ,
title = {The voice of the fishermen of the Gulf of Honduras: Improving regional fisheries management through fisher participation},
author = {Heyman, William D. and Granados-Dieseldorff, Pablo},
pages = {129-148},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165783612000963},
year = {2012},
month = {aug},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {125-126},
issn = {01657836},
doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2012.02.016},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{harper_2013-tN,
title = {Women and fisheries: Contribution to food security and local economies},
author = {Harper, Sarah and Zeller, Dirk and Hauzer, Melissa and Pauly, Daniel and Sumaila, Ussif Rashid},
pages = {56-63},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X12002175},
year = {2013},
month = {may},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {39},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.018},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{ekstrom_2009-KG,
title = {A tool to navigate overlaps in fragmented ocean governance},
author = {Ekstrom, Julia A. and Young, Oran R. and Gaines, Steve D. and Gordon, Maria and McCay, Bonnie J.},
pages = {532-535},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X08001589},
year = {2009},
month = {may},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2008.11.007},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{boucquey_2016-zo,
title = {The ontological politics of marine spatial planning: Assembling the ocean and shaping the capacities of Community and Environment},
author = {Boucquey, Noëlle and Fairbanks, Luke and St. Martin, Kevin and Campbell, Lisa M. and McCay, Bonnie},
pages = {1-11},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0016718516301695},
year = {2016},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Geoforum},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
issn = {00167185},
doi = {10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.06.014},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Abstract Governance projects to measure and organize socio-natural spaces have often resulted in the marginalization of human communities (e.g., national parks) or in the destruction of environmental resources (e.g., mining). In the United States, new marine spatial planning (MSP) policies seek to categorize and represent ocean spaces and activities in an effort to provide a solution to long-standing controversies stemming from individual sector-based management (e.g., fisheries, energy, transportation, marine mammal conservation). In this paper we examine how the ontological politics of MSP are being shaped through the narratives and practices of emerging MSP projects. We employ the ideas of ontological politics and assemblage to explore how communities and environments are being constituted through their association with MSP and its key conceptual framework (ecosystem-based management) and operational tools (geospatial databases). We trace how the ontological formations of MSP\textemdashpeople, places, technologies, and organisms\textemdashare being actively assembled in concurrent processes of stabilization and disruption through narratives and processes of inscription that create new political-spatial imaginaries and relationships. We show that while some emerging MSP ontologies restrict the capacities of \textquoteleftenvironment\textquoteright and \textquoteleftcommunity\textquoteright\textemdashfor instance in the language of \textquoteleftsalvation\textquoteright and in the organization of certain geospatial databases\textemdashother practices offer space to expand the capacities of community and environmental actors (for example in participatory mapping projects and in the aspirations of many practitioners themselves).}
}
@article{bennett_2005-IT,
title = {Gender, fisheries and development},
author = {Bennett, Elizabeth},
pages = {451-459},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X04000648},
year = {2005},
month = {sep},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2004.07.003},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{bn_2003-Kr,
title = {When Fishery Rhymes with Poverty: A First Step Beyond the Old Paradigm on Poverty in Small-Scale Fisheries},
author = {Béné, Christophe},
pages = {949-975},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0305750X03000457},
year = {2003},
month = {jun},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {World Dev},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
issn = {0305750X},
doi = {10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00045-7},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{allison_2006-2l,
title = {Putting the principles of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach into fisheries development policy and practice},
author = {Allison, Edward H. and Horemans, Benoit},
pages = {757-766},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X06000042},
year = {2006},
month = {nov},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2006.02.001},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{allison_2001--c,
title = {The livelihoods approach and management of small-scale fisheries},
author = {Allison, Edward H and Ellis, Frank},
pages = {377-388},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X01000239},
year = {2001},
month = {sep},
urldate = {2017-01-17},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/S0308-597X(01)00023-9},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{burgess_2018-HN,
title = {Five rules for pragmatic blue growth},
author = {Burgess, Matthew G. and Clemence, Michaela and McDermott, Grant R. and Costello, Christopher and Gaines, Steven D.},
pages = {331-339},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X16307916},
year = {2018},
month = {jan},
urldate = {2016-12-22},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {87},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2016.12.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{mccay_2014-CN,
title = {Cooperatives, concessions, and co-management on the Pacific coast of Mexico},
author = {McCay, Bonnie J. and Micheli, Fiorenza and Ponce-Díaz, Germán and Murray, Grant and Shester, Geoff and Ramirez-Sanchez, Saudiel and Weisman, Wendy},
pages = {49-59},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X13001553},
year = {2014},
month = {feb},
urldate = {2016-12-20},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {44},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.001},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{rihoux_2006-fM,
title = {Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Systematic Comparative Methods: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges for Social Science Research},
author = {Rihoux, B.},
pages = {679-706},
url = {http://iss.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0268580906067836},
year = {2006},
month = {sep},
day = {1},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {International Sociology},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
issn = {0268-5809},
doi = {10.1177/0268580906067836},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@book{rihoux_2009-YM,
title = {Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques},
author = {Rihoux, Benoît and Ragin, Charles},
publisher = {SAGE Publications, Inc.},
url = {http://methods.sagepub.com/book/configurational-comparative-methods},
year = {2009},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
isbn = {9781412942355},
doi = {10.4135/9781452226569},
address = {2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States },
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{uusitalo_2016-5Y,
title = {Indicator-Based Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity–Lessons from 10 Case Studies across the European Seas},
author = {Uusitalo, Laura and Blanchet, Hugues and Andersen, Jesper H. and Beauchard, Olivier and Berg, Torsten and Bianchelli, Silvia and Cantafaro, Annalucia and Carstensen, Jacob and Carugati, Laura and Cochrane, Sabine and Danovaro, Roberto and Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina and Karvinen, Ville and Moncheva, Snejana and Murray, Ciaran and Neto, João M. and Nyg\aard, Henrik and Pantazi, Maria and Papadopoulou, Nadia and Simboura, Nomiki and Srėbalienė, Greta and Uyarra, Maria C. and Borja, Angel},
url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/Article/10.3389/fmars.2016.00159/abstract},
year = {2016},
month = {sep},
day = {6},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Front Mar Sci},
volume = {3},
issn = {2296-7745},
doi = {10.3389/fmars.2016.00159},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@book{pomeroy_2004-23,
title = {How is your MPA doing ? A guidebook of natural and social indicators for evaluating marine protected areas management effectiveness},
author = {Pomeroy, Robert S. and Parks, John E. and Watson, Lani M.},
publisher = {IUCN},
url = {http://www.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/html/PAPS-012/cover.html},
year = {2004},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
isbn = {9782831707358},
doi = {10.2305/IUCN.CH.2004.PAPS.1.en},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{whitney_2016-b7,
title = {Imprecise and weakly assessed: Evaluating voluntary measures for management of marine protected areas},
author = {Whitney, Charlotte K. and Gardner, Julie and Ban, Natalie C. and Vis, Chantal and Quon, Soonya and Dionne, Suzan},
pages = {92-101},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X16300239},
year = {2016},
month = {jul},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {69},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2016.04.011},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Voluntary measures may be an alternative or addition to legislation for marine protected areas (MPAs), yet the effectiveness of these measures is rarely analyzed. The application and effectiveness of voluntary measures was reviewed for MPA management in developed nations where complex jurisdictions and legislative processes make voluntary measures appealing to management. Four types of voluntary measures were identified: sacrifice of access, sector- or activity-specific restrictions, voluntary stewardship, and education or outreach, with sector- or activity-specific measures being the most common. Very few papers (only 20 of 144) provided thorough assessments of outcomes or effectiveness of voluntary measures; of these, less than a quarter pointed to successful outcomes in connection with voluntary measures for MPAs or marine conservation more broadly, while half indicated mixed or uncertain results. The main factor to which failure of voluntary measures was attributed was the lack of leverage to discourage non-compliance. Key factors for the success of voluntary measures included community support, cohesive user organizations, and good governance (i.e., leadership, financing, a perception of fairness). To improve efficacy of voluntary measures for MPAs, empirical research is needed to establish effective circumstances where, when, and how voluntary measures can be applied to address management objectives.}
}
@article{nom049sagpesc_2014-V6,
title = {NORMA Oficial Mexicana NOM-049-SAG/PESC-2014, Que determina el procedimiento para establecer zonas de refugio para los recursos pesqueros en aguas de jurisdicción federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos},
author = {NOM-049-SAG/PESC, },
year = {2014},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {DOF},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{espinosaromero_2014-PY,
title = {The changing role of NGOs in Mexican small-scale fisheries: From environmental conservation to multi-scale governance},
author = {Espinosa-Romero, Maria J. and Rodriguez, Laura F. and Weaver, Amy Hudson and Villanueva-Aznar, Cristina and Torre, Jorge},
pages = {290-299},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X14001791},
year = {2014},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {50},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2014.07.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Multi-scale governance has been widely recommended for effective marine resource management. This approach suggests collective decision-making, the devolution of some rights and responsibilities to various entities, co-production of knowledge, coupling governance and ecological scales, among other elements. Here, the elements of multi-scale governance of Mexican small-scale fisheries (\SSF) and the contribution of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to this approach are described. Three management processes were selected for the analysis: (1) the development of the Fisheries Management Plan (FMP) for the swimming crab fishery; (2) the establishment of fishing refugia in the Punta San Cosme to Punta Coyote Corridor; and (3) the implementation of catch shares in the Gulf corvina fishery. The results suggest that NGOs are contributing to most of the key attributes for multi-scale fisheries governance. Given the NGOs׳ agenda shift in the Gulf of California region, from advocacy for environmental conservation to participation in sustainable management, there has been a wider promotion and acceptance of NGOs within governance related processes in fisheries management. In order to clarify alignments with other stakeholder agendas, as well as to continue building trust, NGOs need to make their governance agenda explicit. This work provides insights on how NGOs can contribute to multi-scale governance and a framework for the evaluation of management processes and the contribution of different stakeholders to multi-scale governance, which can be applied to any management process.}
}
@book{uribe_2010-u2,
title = {Implementación de Reservas Marinas en México},
author = {Uribe, Pablo and Moguel, Sandra and Torre, Jorge and Bourillon, Luis and Saenz, Andrea},
year = {2010},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
edition = {1st},
isbn = {978-607-95248-3-8},
address = {Mexico},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{worm_2006-IB,
title = {Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services.},
author = {Worm, Boris and Barbier, Edward B and Beaumont, Nicola and Duffy, J Emmett and Folke, Carl and Halpern, Benjamin S and Jackson, Jeremy B C and Lotze, Heike K and Micheli, Fiorenza and Palumbi, Stephen R and Sala, Enric and Selkoe, Kimberley A and Stachowicz, John J and Watson, Reg},
pages = {787-790},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1132294},
year = {2006},
month = {nov},
day = {3},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Science},
volume = {314},
number = {5800},
issn = {1095-9203},
doi = {10.1126/science.1132294},
pmid = {17082450},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Human-dominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species, with largely unknown consequences. We analyzed local experiments, long-term regional time series, and global fisheries data to test how biodiversity loss affects marine ecosystem services across temporal and spatial scales. Overall, rates of resource collapse increased and recovery potential, stability, and water quality decreased exponentially with declining diversity. Restoration of biodiversity, in contrast, increased productivity fourfold and decreased variability by 21\%, on average. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the ocean's capacity to provide food, maintain water quality, and recover from perturbations. Yet available data suggest that at this point, these trends are still reversible.}
}
@article{pauly_1998-PH,
title = {Fishing down marine food webs},
author = {Pauly, Daniel and Christensen, Villy and Dalsgard, Johanne and Froese, Rainer and Torres Jr., Francisco},
pages = {860-863},
year = {1998},
month = {feb},
day = {6},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Science},
volume = {279},
number = {5352},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and Tallas peces kelp forest baja and TURFeffect}
}
@article{estes_2011-dV,
title = {Trophic downgrading of planet Earth.},
author = {Estes, James A and Terborgh, John and Brashares, Justin S and Power, Mary E and Berger, Joel and Bond, William J and Carpenter, Stephen R and Essington, Timothy E and Holt, Robert D and Jackson, Jeremy B C and Marquis, Robert J and Oksanen, Lauri and Oksanen, Tarja and Paine, Robert T and Pikitch, Ellen K and Ripple, William J and Sandin, Stuart A and Scheffer, Marten and Schoener, Thomas W and Shurin, Jonathan B and Sinclair, Anthony R E and Soulé, Michael E and Virtanen, Risto and Wardle, David A},
pages = {301-306},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1205106},
year = {2011},
month = {jul},
day = {15},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Science},
volume = {333},
number = {6040},
issn = {1095-9203},
doi = {10.1126/science.1205106},
pmid = {21764740},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.}
}
@article{demartini_2008-to,
title = {Differences in fish-assemblage structure between fished and unfished atolls in the northern Line Islands, central Pacific},
author = {DeMartini, EE and Friedlander, AM and Sandin, SA and Sala, E},
pages = {199-215},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07501},
year = {2008},
month = {jan},
day = {1},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Mar Ecol Prog Ser},
volume = {365},
doi = {10.3354/meps07501},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {Caribe and KelpForests and PhD and Tallas peces kelp forest baja and TURFeffect}
}
@incollection{navia_2012-2W,
booktitle = {Diversity of Ecosystems},
title = {Changes to marine trophic networks caused by fishing},
author = {Navia, Andres F. and Cortes, Enric and Jordan, Ferenc and Cruz-Escalona, Victor H. and Mejia-Falla, Paola A.},
editor = {Ali, Mahamane},
publisher = {InTech},
url = {http://www.intechopen.com/books/diversity-of-ecosystems/changes-to-marine-food-webs-caused-by-fishing},
year = {2012},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
isbn = {978-953-51-0572-5},
doi = {10.5772/37787},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{bohnsack_2003-Hz,
title = {Shifting Baselines, Marine Reserves, and Leopold's Biotic Ethic},
author = {Bohnsack, James A.},
url = {http://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol14/iss2/1},
year = {2003},
month = {jan},
day = {1},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {GCR},
volume = {14},
issn = {1528-0470},
doi = {10.18785/gcr.1402.01},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{mariajose_2014-Hc,
title = {Aplicación del enfoque ecosistémico al manejo de pesquerías artesanales. Caso de estudio: Puerto Libertad, Sonora},
author = {Maria Jose, Espinosa-Romero and Cisneros-Mata, Miguel Angel and McDaniels, Timothy and Torre, Jorge},
pages = {65 - 77},
year = {2014},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ciencia Pesquera},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {El presente trabajo describe el proceso para la instrumentación del enfoque ecosistémico ( ee ) en el manejo de las pesquerías artesanales, en Puerto Libertad, Sonora. Los resultados muestran que el ee puede ser instrumentado en sitios de poca información cuando se cuenta con la cooperación y el conocimiento local. Asimismo, atiende la línea prioritaria de investigación propuesta por la Red Nacional de Información e Investigación en Pesca y Acuacultura ( rniipa ) coordinada por el Instituto Nacional de Pesca ( inapesca ) para la identificación de metodologías e indicadores en la instrumentación del manejo con ee . Para diseñar e instrumentar el ee en sitios de poca información se recomienda: 1) caracterizar el ecosistema colectando el conocimiento local, 2) definir los objetivos e indicadores para la instrumentación del ee en esta localidad y 3) establecer una propuesta de manejo consensuada entre los principales usuarios de los recursos (pescadores, así como para cooperativas y permisionarios). El enfoque participativo en todo el proceso es clave para colectar información, fomentar la comunicación, la confianza, un lenguaje común y la reflexión entre actores acerca de los cambios en el ecosistema y las necesidades de manejo a lo largo del tiempo. El presente proyecto, además de fomentar la investigación participativa, incentivó el fortalecimiento de las capacidades locales para el manejo, el intercambio de experiencias y el manejo adaptativo. Palabras clave: Enfoque ecosistémico, pesquerías artesanales, Puerto Libertad, Golfo de California.}
}
@article{cudneybueno_2009-5A,
title = {Governance and effects of marine reserves in the Gulf of California, Mexico},
author = {Cudney-Bueno, R. and Bourillón, L. and Sáenz-Arroyo, A. and Torre-Cosío, J. and Turk-Boyer, P. and Shaw, W.W.},
pages = {207-218},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569108001609},
year = {2009},
month = {mar},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ocean Coast Manag},
volume = {52},
number = {3-4},
issn = {09645691},
doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.12.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{kittinger_2013-wk,
title = {Emerging frontiers in social-ecological systems research for sustainability of small-scale fisheries},
author = {Kittinger, John N and Finkbeiner, Elena M and Ban, Natalie C and Broad, Kenneth and Carr, Mark H and Cinner, Joshua E and Gelcich, Stefan and Cornwell, Myriah L and Koehn, J Zachary and Basurto, Xavier and Fujita, Rod and Caldwell, Margaret R and Crowder, Larry B},
pages = {352-357},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877343513000778},
year = {2013},
month = {sep},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability},
volume = {5},
number = {3-4},
issn = {18773435},
doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2013.06.008},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{finkbeiner_2015-El,
title = {The role of diversification in dynamic small-scale fisheries: Lessons from Baja California Sur, Mexico},
author = {Finkbeiner, Elena M.},
pages = {139-152},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378015000461},
year = {2015},
month = {may},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
volume = {32},
issn = {09593780},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.009},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Globally, small-scale fisheries are critical for livelihoods and food security yet face increasing uncertainty and variability from processes such as overfishing, globalization, and climate change. Enhancing the number of options for human response through increased access to marine resources, diverse livelihood approaches, and generalist fishing strategies may attenuate the negative effects of change and disturbance. My research explores the relative importance of diversification strategies for achieving resilient small-scale fishing communities and cooperatives of Baja California Sur, Mexico. Specifically, interview data and long-term catch and economic data were used to develop an economic metric of resilience, in addition to income diversification indices, for fishing cooperatives. Fishing cooperative characteristics and environmental conditions were then evaluated as possible predictors of cooperatives\textquoteright relative ability to diversify. I found that while diversification was important for risk mitigation and stabilizing income, the ability of cooperatives to specialize during favorable conditions may be important for poverty reduction and wealth accumulation. Thus, the flexibility to move across fishing strategies given changing environmental conditions is important for the adaptive capacity of small-scale fishing cooperatives. My findings will contribute to a better understanding of the institutional arrangements that promote a resilient small-scale fishery, and therefore, will be invaluable for practitioners of small-scale fisheries.}
}
@incollection{finkbeiner_2015-0T,
booktitle = {Interactive Governance for Small-Scale Fisheries},
title = {A Comparison of Small-Scale Fisheries Governability: Baja California Sur, Mexico and the Hawaiian Islands},
author = {Finkbeiner, Elena M. and Ayers, Adam L. and Kittinger, John N. and Crowder, Larry B.},
editor = {Jentoft, Svein and Chuenpagdee, Ratana},
series = {MARE Publication Series},
pages = {199-221},
publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3\_11},
year = {2015},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
volume = {13},
isbn = {978-3-319-17033-6},
issn = {2212-6260},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-17034-3\_11},
address = {Cham},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{aguilera_2015-ex,
title = {Managing small-scale commercial fisheries for adaptive capacity: insights from dynamic social-ecological drivers of change in Monterey Bay.},
author = {Aguilera, Stacy E and Cole, Jennifer and Finkbeiner, Elena M and Le Cornu, Elodie and Ban, Natalie C and Carr, Mark H and Cinner, Joshua E and Crowder, Larry B and Gelcich, Stefan and Hicks, Christina C and Kittinger, John N and Martone, Rebecca and Malone, Daniel and Pomeroy, Carrie and Starr, Richard M and Seram, Sanah and Zuercher, Rachel and Broad, Kenneth},
pages = {e0118992},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118992},
year = {2015},
month = {mar},
day = {19},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0118992},
pmid = {25790464},
pmcid = {PMC4366077},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Globally, small-scale fisheries are influenced by dynamic climate, governance, and market drivers, which present social and ecological challenges and opportunities. It is difficult to manage fisheries adaptively for fluctuating drivers, except to allow participants to shift effort among multiple fisheries. Adapting to changing conditions allows small-scale fishery participants to survive economic and environmental disturbances and benefit from optimal conditions. This study explores the relative influence of large-scale drivers on shifts in effort and outcomes among three closely linked fisheries in Monterey Bay since the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976. In this region, Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), and market squid (Loligo opalescens) fisheries comprise a tightly linked system where shifting focus among fisheries is a key element to adaptive capacity and reduced social and ecological vulnerability. Using a cluster analysis of landings, we identify four modes from 1974 to 2012 that are dominated (i.e., a given species accounting for the plurality of landings) by squid, sardine, anchovy, or lack any dominance, and seven points of transition among these periods. This approach enables us to determine which drivers are associated with each mode and each transition. Overall, we show that market and climate drivers are predominantly attributed to dominance transitions. Model selection of external drivers indicates that governance phases, reflected as perceived abundance, dictate long-term outcomes. Our findings suggest that globally, small-scale fishery managers should consider enabling shifts in effort among fisheries and retaining existing flexibility, as adaptive capacity is a critical determinant for social and ecological resilience.}
}
@article{finkbeiner_2015-87,
title = {Re-defining co-management to facilitate small-scale fisheries reform: An illustration from northwest Mexico},
author = {Finkbeiner, Elena M. and Basurto, Xavier},
pages = {433-441},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X14002723},
year = {2015},
month = {jan},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {51},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2014.10.010},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{leslie_2015-na,
title = {Operationalizing the social-ecological systems framework to assess sustainability.},
author = {Leslie, Heather M and Basurto, Xavier and Nenadovic, Mateja and Sievanen, Leila and Cavanaugh, Kyle C and Cota-Nieto, Juan José and Erisman, Brad E and Finkbeiner, Elena and Hinojosa-Arango, Gustavo and Moreno-Báez, Marcia and Nagavarapu, Sriniketh and Reddy, Sheila M W and Sánchez-Rodríguez, Alexandra and Siegel, Katherine and Ulibarria-Valenzuela, José Juan and Weaver, Amy Hudson and Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio},
pages = {5979-5984},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1414640112},
year = {2015},
month = {may},
day = {12},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {112},
number = {19},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1414640112},
pmid = {25918372},
pmcid = {PMC4434725},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Environmental governance is more effective when the scales of ecological processes are well matched with the human institutions charged with managing human-environment interactions. The social-ecological systems (SESs) framework provides guidance on how to assess the social and ecological dimensions that contribute to sustainable resource use and management, but rarely if ever has been operationalized for multiple localities in a spatially explicit, quantitative manner. Here, we use the case of small-scale fisheries in Baja California Sur, Mexico, to identify distinct SES regions and test key aspects of coupled SESs theory. Regions that exhibit greater potential for social-ecological sustainability in one dimension do not necessarily exhibit it in others, highlighting the importance of integrative, coupled system analyses when implementing spatial planning and other ecosystem-based strategies.}
}
@article{westerman_2013-TB,
title = {The Role of Women in Community-based Small-Scale Fisheries Management: The Case of the South West Madagascar Octopus Fishery},
author = {Westerman, Kame and Benbow, Sophie},
pages = {119 - 132},
year = {2013},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{partelow_2015-mL,
title = {Key steps for operationalizing social–ecological system framework research in small-scale fisheries: A heuristic conceptual approach},
author = {Partelow, Stefan},
pages = {507-511},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X14002383},
year = {2015},
month = {jan},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {51},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{oyanedel_2016-9Z,
title = {Establishing marine protected areas through bottom-up processes: insights from two contrasting initiatives in Chile},
author = {Oyanedel, Rodrigo and Marín, Andrés and Castilla, Juan Carlos and Gelcich, Stefan},
pages = {184-195},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aqc.2546},
year = {2016},
month = {feb},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
issn = {10527613},
doi = {10.1002/aqc.2546},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {1. Bottom-up participatory processes to create and manage no-take marine protected areas have been proposedas a way to scale-up marine conservation and deal with the lack of support and compliance of top-downconservation approaches. However, bottom-up conservation does not always lead to positive outcomes, thus itis increasingly important to understand the conditions that determine the establishment and implementation ofthese initiatives.2. Establishment and implementation processes were compared empirically for two contrasting bottom-upno-take marine protected areas that have been developing under the same political setting, however, one has beensuccessful and the other has stalled.3. Using mixed methods, stakeholders\textquoteright (a) motivations to participate in the no-take marine protected areainitiatives, (b) communication, support and information flow networks, (c) perceived participation, and(d) satisfaction with the establishment process of the bottom-up no-take marine protected areas, were assessed.4. Non-significant differences were found between the two initiatives in terms of stakeholders\textquoteright motivations tocreate a no-take marine protected area.5. Significant differences were found in stakeholders\textquoteright communication, support and information flow networks,in addition to differences in participation, and satisfaction with the establishment and implementation process.6. Results highlight that for the implementation and consolidation of bottom-up no-take marine protected areasinitiatives, common interests do not necessarily lead to common action, partnerships will not emerge automaticallyin response to potential benefits.7. Understanding disparities in participation, information sharing and communication are key aspects which must beconsidered for creating and supporting successful marine protected areas based on bottom-up participatory processes.}
}
@article{gelcich_2015-Gw,
title = {Incentivizing biodiversity conservation in artisanal fishing communities through territorial user rights and business model innovation.},
author = {Gelcich, Stefan and Donlan, C Josh},
pages = {1076-1085},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12477},
year = {2015},
month = {aug},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Conserv Biol},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.12477},
pmid = {25737027},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Territorial user rights for fisheries are being promoted to enhance the sustainability of small-scale fisheries. Using Chile as a case study, we designed a market-based program aimed at improving fishers' livelihoods while incentivizing the establishment and enforcement of no-take areas within areas managed with territorial user right regimes. Building on explicit enabling conditions (i.e., high levels of governance, participation, and empowerment), we used a place-based, human-centered approach to design a program that will have the necessary support and buy-in from local fishers to result in landscape-scale biodiversity benefits. Transactional infrastructure must be complex enough to capture the biodiversity benefits being created, but simple enough so that the program can be scaled up and is attractive to potential financiers. Biodiversity benefits created must be commoditized, and desired behavioral changes must be verified within a transactional context. Demand must be generated for fisher-created biodiversity benefits in order to attract financing and to scale the market model. Important design decisions around these 3 components-supply, transactional infrastructure, and demand-must be made based on local social-ecological conditions. Our market model, which is being piloted in Chile, is a flexible foundation on which to base scalable opportunities to operationalize a scheme that incentivizes local, verifiable biodiversity benefits via conservation behaviors by fishers that could likely result in significant marine conservation gains and novel cross-sector alliances. \copyright 2015, Society for Conservation Biology.}
}
@article{cinner_2013-vu,
title = {Looking beyond the fisheries crisis: Cumulative learning from small-scale fisheries through diagnostic approaches},
author = {Cinner, Joshua E. and MacNeil, M. Aaron and Basurto, Xavier and Gelcich, Stefan},
pages = {1359-1365},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959378013001921},
year = {2013},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Global Environmental Change},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
issn = {09593780},
doi = {10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.11.001},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{basurto_2012-Mz,
title = {A Systematic Approach to Studying Fisheries Governance},
author = {Basurto, Xavier and Nenadovic, Mateja},
pages = {222-230},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00094.x},
year = {2012},
month = {may},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Glob Policy},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
issn = {17585880},
doi = {10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00094.x},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{jennings_2005-Yf,
title = {Indicators to support an ecosystem approach to fisheries},
author = {Jennings, Simon},
pages = {212-232},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00189.x},
year = {2005},
month = {sep},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Fish and Fisheries},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
issn = {1467-2960},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-2979.2005.00189.x},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{valls_2015-q4,
title = {The utility of simple fish community metrics for evaluating the relative influence of fishing vs. other environmental drivers on Caribbean reef fish communities},
author = {Vallès, Henri and Oxenford, Hazel A},
pages = {649-667},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/faf.12085},
year = {2015},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Fish Fish},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
issn = {14672960},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12085},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Abstract Fish community metrics have been extensively investigated as indicators of fishing effects for ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) in temperate systems. Little similar work has been performed in the coral reefs of the Caribbean, where simple indicators are urgently needed. Here, we use 415 coral reef surveys throughout the Caribbean to assess the potential of four simple and intuitive fish community metrics, namely, fish biomass, fish density, average fish weight and species richness, to separate fishing effects from those of other environmental factors at both local (tens of kilometres) and broad (hundreds to thousands of kilometres) spatial scales. We found that these fish metrics differed considerably in environmental correlates and the spatial scales underlying fish metric–environment associations. Average fish weight and fish biomass were most sensitive to fishing indices at both spatial scales, although average fish weight responded more sensitively and specifically to fishing than fish biomass. Fish density and species richness were most sensitive to temperature over broad scales and to macroalgae and relief height over local ones. All fish metrics were negatively correlated with macroalgae over broad scales, supporting the utility of macroalgae to inform about the integrity of entire reef ecosystems. Most of the fish metric variance associated with fishing pressure operated over broad scales, highlighting the need for a Caribbean-wide view of fish community status to establish local management objectives and avoid shifting baselines. Our study clarifies the utility of simple fish community metrics as indicators of fishing effects for EBFM in the Caribbean.}
}
@article{prezramrez_2016-J1,
title = {The Marine Stewardship Council certification in Latin America and the Caribbean: A review of experiences, potentials and pitfalls},
author = {Pérez-Ramírez, Mónica and Castrejón, Mauricio and Gutiérrez, Nicolás L. and Defeo, Omar},
pages = {50-58},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165783615301302},
year = {2016},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {182},
issn = {01657836},
doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2015.11.007},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification program is a market-based instrument aimed at recognizing sustainable fishing practices. Although there are 10 MSC-certified fisheries in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC), this proportion is low (4\%) compared to the total number of certified fisheries globally. Therefore, implementation of MSC certification in LAC fisheries is examined by considering: (1) fishing industry drivers for certification and (2) certified fisheries performance against the MSC standard. The MSC certification was suitable for large multi-national enterprises with export-oriented markets and for small-scale fisheries with exclusive access rights harvesting high-value resources. Maintaining or increasing market-share was a main motivation to pursue certification. Most LAC certified fisheries showed high performance in terms of stock status, governance and management systems. However, the expansion of the MSC certification in LAC remains limited by: (1) intrinsic weaknesses of fisheries in the region (shortage of information and instability in governance systems); and (2) high costs associated to certification and extrinsic market conditions (price shocks and demand retractions). Innovative strategies to encourage the development of domestic certified seafood markets, and a major inclusiveness of small-scale fisheries with traditional management arrangements at the local level, could constitute significant steps toward a more sustainable pathway on a regional scale.}
}
@article{pauly_2016-L_,
title = {Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining.},
author = {Pauly, Daniel and Zeller, Dirk},
pages = {10244},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10244},
year = {2016},
month = {jan},
day = {19},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Nat Commun},
volume = {7},
doi = {10.1038/ncomms10244},
pmid = {26784963},
pmcid = {PMC4735634},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Fisheries data assembled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) suggest that global marine fisheries catches increased to 86 million tonnes in 1996, then slightly declined. Here, using a decade-long multinational 'catch reconstruction' project covering the Exclusive Economic Zones of the world's maritime countries and the High Seas from 1950 to 2010, and accounting for all fisheries, we identify catch trajectories differing considerably from the national data submitted to the FAO. We suggest that catch actually peaked at 130 million tonnes, and has been declining much more strongly since. This decline in reconstructed catches reflects declines in industrial catches and to a smaller extent declining discards, despite industrial fishing having expanded from industrialized countries to the waters of developing countries. The differing trajectories documented here suggest a need for improved monitoring of all fisheries, including often neglected small-scale fisheries, and illegal and other problematic fisheries, as well as discarded bycatch.}
}
@article{pars_2015--A,
title = {Who should set the total allowable catch? Social preferences and legitimacy in fisheries management institutions},
author = {Parés, Claudio and Dresdner, Jorge and Salgado, Hugo},
pages = {36-43},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0308597X14003480},
year = {2015},
month = {apr},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Marine Policy},
volume = {54},
issn = {0308597X},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpol.2014.12.011},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{karr_2015-xp,
title = {Thresholds in Caribbean coral reefs: implications for ecosystem-based fishery management},
author = {Karr, Kendra A. and Fujita, Rod and Halpern, Benjamin S. and Kappel, Carrie V. and Crowder, Larry and Selkoe, Kimberly A. and Alcolado, Pedro M. and Rader, Doug},
pages = {402-412},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/1365-2664.12388},
year = {2015},
month = {apr},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {J Appl Ecol},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
issn = {00218901},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2664.12388},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Summary 1. Ecosystem-based management of coral reef fisheries aims to sustainably deliver a diverse portfolio of ecosystem services. This goal can be undermined if the ecosystem shifts into a different state, with altered ecosystem functions and benefits to people. If levels of drivers that cause transitions between states are identified, management measures could be aimed at maintaining drivers below these levels to avoid ecosystem shifts. 2. Analysing data from a large number of Caribbean coral reefs (N = 2001), suites of nonlinear thresholds were identified between metrics of coral reef processes and structure along a gradient of total fish biomass (a proxy for fishing pressure). Several metrics (macroalgal cover, invertivorous fishes and fish species richness) associated with coral-dominated reefs exhibited thresholds at relatively high fish biomass levels (50–88\% of unfished biomass). Other metrics (urchin biomass, ratio of macroalgal to coral cover, herbivorous fishes and coral cover) showed thresholds at lower fish biomass levels (28–37\% of unfished biomass). 3. Ratios of total fish biomass in fishing areas to closed areas (unfished biomass) in the Caribbean indicate that reefs may generally be at risk for change at ratios between 05 (coral dominated) and 03 (macroalgal dominated). Similar relationships were found for coral reefs in the Indian Ocean. While these results illustrate thresholds at the scale of the entire Caribbean, assessing local reefs is advisable because biomass levels vary within the region, and reef trajectories depend on past, present and future local conditions. 4. Synthesis and applications. If the thresholds in this study are generalizable to scales relevant to management, it may be possible to produce sustainable yield while simultaneously maintaining coral-dominated reefs by restricting fishing mortality to levels that result in biomass ratios near 05. Fishing down to biomass ratios near 03 may increase the risk of overfishing (resulting in lower long-term yields) and transition to macroalgal-dominated reefs. Thresholds offer a simple and powerful way for managers to operationalize precautionary ecosystem-based fishery management by adaptively limiting fishing pressure in order to (i) maintain desirable coral reef conditions, (ii) establish a system-specific target for generating pretty good yield and (iii) maintain sustainable multi-species fishery yields.}
}
@article{dowling_2015-YT,
title = {Empirical harvest strategies for data-poor fisheries: A review of the literature},
author = {Dowling, N.A. and Dichmont, C.M. and Haddon, M. and Smith, D.C. and Smith, A.D.M. and Sainsbury, K.},
pages = {141-153},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165783614003300},
year = {2015},
month = {nov},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {171},
issn = {01657836},
doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2014.11.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Harvest strategy approaches based around empirical indicators and/or control rules are beginning to be accepted in a growing range of data- and capacity-poor fisheries. While there is an increasing body of work around developing empirical indicators and control rules in data-poor contexts, this has typically been done on a case-specific basis. There remains a need for general guidance on formulating control rules that link empirical indicators with suitable management responses. Additionally, in the data-poor context, most literature has focused on empirical indicators and assessments, with less focus on decision rules and the incorporation of indicators and assessments in a harvest strategy framework. This review considers a range of harvest strategy options, focusing on empirical indicators and decision rules available for data-poor species and fisheries. These clearly illustrate that a paucity of information is not a reason to avoid developing harvest strategies, and that a range of pragmatic approaches are available regardless of the available data, life-history of the target species, nature of fishing operations, or the available research capacity. There is considerable scope for further work in this field, but arguably there is a comprehensive repository of approaches and decision rules that, when combined with the guidelines, form a solid foundation and toolkit for all but the most data-poor species and fisheries.}
}
@article{aburtooropeza_2016-6E,
title = {Property Rights for Fishing Cooperatives: How (and How Well) Do They Work?},
author = {Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio and Leslie, Heather M. and Mack-Crane, Austen and Nagavarapu, Sriniketh and Reddy, Sheila M.W. and Sievanen, Leila},
pages = {lhw001},
url = {http://wber.oxfordjournals.org/lookup/doi/10.1093/wber/lhw001},
year = {2016},
month = {mar},
day = {9},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {World Bank Econ Rev},
issn = {0258-6770},
doi = {10.1093/wber/lhw001},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{young_2015-Xm,
title = {Assessment of habitat representation across a network of marine protected areas with implications for the spatial design of monitoring.},
author = {Young, Mary and Carr, Mark},
pages = {e0116200},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116200},
year = {2015},
month = {mar},
day = {11},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0116200},
pmid = {25760858},
pmcid = {PMC4356544},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are being adopted globally to protect ecosystems and supplement fisheries management. The state of California recently implemented a coast-wide network of MPAs, a statewide seafloor mapping program, and ecological characterizations of species and ecosystems targeted for protection by the network. The main goals of this study were to use these data to evaluate how well seafloor features, as proxies for habitats, are represented and replicated across an MPA network and how well ecological surveys representatively sampled fish habitats inside MPAs and adjacent reference sites. Seafloor data were classified into broad substrate categories (rock and sediment) and finer scale geomorphic classifications standard to marine classification schemes using surface analyses (slope, ruggedness, etc.) done on the digital elevation model derived from multibeam bathymetry data. These classifications were then used to evaluate the representation and replication of seafloor structure within the MPAs and across the ecological surveys. Both the broad substrate categories and the finer scale geomorphic features were proportionately represented for many of the classes with deviations of 1-6\% and 0-7\%, respectively. Within MPAs, however, representation of seafloor features differed markedly from original estimates, with differences ranging up to 28\%. Seafloor structure in the biological monitoring design had mismatches between sampling in the MPAs and their corresponding reference sites and some seafloor structure classes were missed entirely. The geomorphic variables derived from multibeam bathymetry data for these analyses are known determinants of the distribution and abundance of marine species and for coastal marine biodiversity. Thus, analyses like those performed in this study can be a valuable initial method of evaluating and predicting the conservation value of MPAs across a regional network.}
}
@article{soykan_2015-nu,
title = {Using community-level metrics to monitor the effects of marine protected areas on biodiversity},
author = {Soykan, Candan U. and Lewison, Rebecca L.},
pages = {775-783},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/cobi.12445},
year = {2015},
month = {jun},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Conserv Biol},
volume = {29},
number = {3},
issn = {08888892},
doi = {10.1111/cobi.12445},
pmid = {25572325},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used to protect species, communities, and their associated habitats, among other goals. Measuring MPA efficacy can be challenging, however, particularly when considering responses at the community level. We gathered 36 abundance and 14 biomass data sets on fish assemblages and used meta-analysis to evaluate the ability of 22 distinct community diversity metrics to detect differences in community structure between MPAs and nearby control sites. We also considered the effects of 6 covariates-MPA size and age, MPA size and age interaction, latitude, total species richness, and level of protection-on each metric. Some common metrics, such as species richness and Shannon diversity, did not differ consistently between MPA and control sites, whereas other metrics, such as total abundance and biomass, were consistently different across studies. Metric responses derived from the biomass data sets were more consistent than those based on the abundance data sets, suggesting that community-level biomass differs more predictably than abundance between MPA and control sites. Covariate analyses indicated that level of protection, latitude, MPA size, and the interaction between MPA size and age affect metric performance. These results highlight a handful of metrics, several of which are little known, that could be used to meet the increasing demand for community-level indicators of MPA effectiveness. \copyright 2015 Society for Conservation Biology.}
}
@article{scianna_2015--5,
title = {\textquoteleftOrganization Science\textquoteright: A new prospective to assess marine protected areas effectiveness},
author = {Scianna, Claudia and Niccolini, Federico and Gaines, Steven D. and Guidetti, Paolo},
pages = {443-448},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569115300235},
year = {2015},
month = {nov},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ocean Coast Manag},
volume = {116},
issn = {09645691},
doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.09.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are widely considered as useful tools to achieve both conservation and resource management goals. They have the potential to produce a wide array of positive socio-ecological effects. Their effectiveness, however, varies dramatically. The sources of this variability are numerous and, in some cases, quite well studied. Yet, a significant portion of the variability in MPAs effectiveness still remains unexplained. MPAs, due to a number of intrinsic features, can be considered \textquotedblleftorganizational systems\textquotedblright, a definition recognizing the fact that 1) their effectiveness can be influenced by their own organizational dimensions and 2) they could be analyzed employing the typical tools provided by \textquoteleftOrganization Science\textquoteright (hereafter OS). Here we analyze the available literature on MPAs on a worldwide scale to explore whether and how the principles of OS have been used as a scientific basis for the evaluation of MPA effectiveness. We found that no study explicitly used a comprehensive OS framework for evaluating effectiveness in the context of MPAs. Just 20 studies considered some organizational dimensions in their analysis (e.g. professionalism of the organization members, vision, goals, strategy and networking), but not in a comprehensive manner. The outputs of our review stress the limited use of the OS methodologies and principles in the context of MPAs so far. We posit that there is a significant potential for new insights in MPA science thanks to a more integrated implementation of an OS framework for the interpretation and improvement of MPA socio-ecological effectiveness.}
}
@article{pomeroy_2005-Py,
title = {How is your MPA doing? A methodology for evaluating the management effectiveness of marine protected areas},
author = {Pomeroy, Robert S. and Watson, Lani M. and Parks, John E. and Cid, Gonzalo A.},
pages = {485-502},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569105000955},
year = {2005},
month = {jan},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ocean Coast Manag},
volume = {48},
number = {7-8},
issn = {09645691},
doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.05.004},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Effective management of marine protected areas (MPAs) requires continuous feedback of information to achieve objectives. In 2000, a collaborative initiative was launched to improve the management of MPAs. The initiative focused on working with managers, planners, and other decision-makers to develop a set of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of MPA use. This initiative was aimed at both enhancing the potential and capability for adaptive management of MPAs, as well as improving our understanding of how effective MPAs that are now being used around the world. This paper presents an overview of the MPA management effectiveness methodology and indicators, summary results of the testing phase of the guidebook at 18 MPAs around the world, and considerations for its application and use as an adaptive management tool for MPAs.}
}
@article{ovando_2016-Wg,
title = {Market and design solutions to the short-term economic impacts of marine reserves},
author = {Ovando, Daniel and Dougherty, Dawn and Wilson, Jono R},
pages = {939-954},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/faf.12153},
year = {2016},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Fish Fish},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
issn = {14672960},
doi = {10.1111/faf.12153},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{munguavega_2015-yg,
title = {Marine reserves help preserve genetic diversity after impacts derived from climate variability: Lessons from the pink abalone in Baja California},
author = {Munguía-Vega, Adrián and Sáenz-Arroyo, Andrea and Greenley, Ashley P. and Espinoza-Montes, Jose Antonio and Palumbi, Stephen R. and Rossetto, Marisa and Micheli, Fiorenza},
pages = {264-276},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989415000785},
year = {2015},
month = {jul},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},
volume = {4},
issn = {23519894},
doi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2015.07.005},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t a b s t r a c t Genetic diversity is crucial for the adaptation of exploited species like the pink abalone (Haliotis corrugata), faced with threats from climate change, overfishing and impacts associated with aquaculture production. While marine reserves are commonly used to}
}
@article{micheli_2012-EU,
title = {Evidence that marine reserves enhance resilience to climatic impacts},
author = {Micheli, Fiorenza and Saenz-Arroyo, Andrea and Greenley, Ashley and Vazquez, Leonardo and Espinoza Montes, Jose Antonio and Rossetto, Marisa and De Leo, Giulio A.},
pages = {e40832},
url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040832},
year = {2012},
month = {jul},
day = {18},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0040832},
pmid = {22855690},
pmcid = {PMC3408031},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Establishment of marine protected areas, including fully protected marine reserves, is one of the few management tools available for local communities to combat the deleterious effect of large scale environmental impacts, including global climate change, on ocean ecosystems. Despite the common hope that reserves play this role, empirical evidence of the effectiveness of local protection against global problems is lacking. Here we show that marine reserves increase the resilience of marine populations to a mass mortality event possibly caused by climate-driven hypoxia. Despite high and widespread adult mortality of benthic invertebrates in Baja California, Mexico, that affected populations both within and outside marine reserves, juvenile replenishment of the species that supports local economies, the pink abalone Haliotis corrugata, remained stable within reserves because of large body size and high egg production of the protected adults. Thus, local protection provided resilience through greater resistance and faster recovery of protected populations. Moreover, this benefit extended to adjacent unprotected areas through larval spillover across the edges of the reserves. While climate change mitigation is being debated, coastal communities have few tools to slow down negative impacts of global environmental shifts. These results show that marine protected areas can provide such protection.}
}
@article{maxwell_2014-nl,
title = {Pragmatic approaches for effective management of pelagic marine protected areas},
author = {Maxwell, SM and Ban, NC and Morgan, LE},
pages = {59-74},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/esr/v26/n1/p59-74/},
year = {2014},
month = {nov},
day = {20},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Endanger Species Res},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
issn = {1863-5407},
doi = {10.3354/esr00617},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The dynamic nature of pelagic environments presents unique challenges for man- agement. Despite the sharp increase in the number of marine protected areas (MPAs) with large pelagic areas, or pelagic marine protected areas (PMPAs), little literature exists regarding on-the- ground approaches to their management, in large part due to the relative newness of many large- scale PMPAs. Here we attempt to highlight pragmatic solutions or recommendations for the man- agement challenges of PMPAs, particularly regarding setting objectives, monitoring and compliance, drawing from examples of existing PMPA management when possible. We suggest using techniques such as structured decision making and multi-criteria decision analysis for set- ting management objectives and actions and reducing conflict that will be inherent across the multi-agency, multi-objective landscape of PMPAs. We suggest cost-effective strategies for moni- toring of complex pelagic interactions and far-ranging species, including tiers of monitoring importance linked to funding levels, and highlight means of determining when monitoring is a necessity. Finally, we highlight techniques to increase compliance within PMPAs, such as partici- patory monitoring. We focus on enforcement across the large scales of PMPAs, such as setting and effectively integrating biological and enforcement priorities, and implementing cost-effective enforcement, particularly in remote regions, using techniques such as international enforcement partnerships and enforcement technologies. Our goal is not to give a complete framework for PMPA management, but to collate existing lessons and provide a baseline for managers to build from, and to provide insight for scientists looking to focus research efforts to aid in management of protected pelagic ecosystems.}
}
@article{lester_2008-F_,
title = {Biological responses in marine no-take reserves versus partially protected areas},
author = {Lester, SE and Halpern, BS},
pages = {49-56},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v367/p49-56/},
year = {2008},
month = {sep},
day = {11},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.},
volume = {367},
issn = {0171-8630},
doi = {10.3354/meps07599},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{lester_2009-Ks,
title = {Biological effects within no-take marine reserves: a global synthesis},
author = {Lester, SE and Halpern, BS and Grorud-Colvert, K and Lubchenco, J and Ruttenberg, BI and Gaines, SD and Airamé, S and Warner, RR},
pages = {33-46},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v384/p33-46/},
year = {2009},
month = {may},
day = {29},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.},
volume = {384},
issn = {0171-8630},
doi = {10.3354/meps08029},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{koeck_2015-31,
title = {Connectivity patterns of coastal fishes following different dispersal scenarios across a transboundary marine protected area (Bonifacio strait, NW Mediterranean)},
author = {Koeck, Barbara and Gérigny, Olivia and Durieux, Eric Dominique Henri and Coudray, Sylvain and Garsi, Laure-Hélène and Bisgambiglia, Paul-Antoine and Galgani, François and Agostini, Sylvia},
pages = {234-247},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0272771415000232},
year = {2015},
month = {mar},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science},
volume = {154},
issn = {02727714},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecss.2015.01.010},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{gaines_2010-ZR,
title = {Evolving science of marine reserves: new developments and emerging research frontiers.},
author = {Gaines, Steven D and Lester, Sarah E and Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten and Costello, Christopher and Pollnac, Richard},
pages = {18251-18255},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002098107},
year = {2010},
month = {oct},
day = {26},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {107},
number = {43},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1002098107},
pmid = {20978212},
pmcid = {PMC2972994},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {The field of marine reserve science has matured greatly over the last decade, moving beyond studies of single reserves and beyond perspectives from single disciplines. This Special Feature exemplifies recent advances in marine reserve research, showing insights gained from synthetic studies of reserve networks, long-term changes within reserves, integration of social and ecological science research, and balance between reserve design for conservation as well as fishery and other commercial objectives. This rich body of research helps to inform conservation planning for marine ecosystems but also poses new challenges for further study, including how to best design integrated fisheries management and conservation systems, how to effectively evaluate the performance of entire reserve networks, and how to examine the complex coupling between ecological and socioeconomic responses to reserve networks.}
}
@article{costello_2010-Ix,
title = {Marine protected areas in spatial property-rights fisheries*},
author = {Costello, Christopher and Kaffine, Daniel T.},
pages = {321-341},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2010.00495.x},
year = {2010},
month = {jul},
day = {23},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
issn = {1364985X},
doi = {10.1111/j.1467-8489.2010.00495.x},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{caselle_2015-1R,
title = {Recovery trajectories of kelp forest animals are rapid yet spatially variable across a network of temperate marine protected areas.},
author = {Caselle, Jennifer E and Rassweiler, Andrew and Hamilton, Scott L and Warner, Robert R},
pages = {14102},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep14102},
year = {2015},
month = {sep},
day = {16},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Sci Rep},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
doi = {10.1038/srep14102},
pmid = {26373803},
pmcid = {PMC4642697},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Oceans currently face a variety of threats, requiring ecosystem-based approaches to management such as networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). We evaluated changes in fish biomass on temperate rocky reefs over the decade following implementation of a network of MPAs in the northern Channel Islands, California. We found that the biomass of targeted (i.e. fished) species has increased consistently inside all MPAs in the network, with an effect of geography on the strength of the response. More interesting, biomass of targeted fish species also increased outside MPAs, although only 27\% as rapidly as in the protected areas, indicating that redistribution of fishing effort has not severely affected unprotected populations. Whether the increase outside of MPAs is due to changes in fishing pressure, fisheries management actions, adult spillover, favorable environmental conditions, or a combination of all four remains unknown. We evaluated methods of controlling for biogeographic or environmental variation across networks of protected areas and found similar performance of models incorporating empirical sea surface temperature versus a simple geographic blocking term based on assemblage structure. The patterns observed are promising indicators of the success of this network, but more work is needed to understand how ecological and physical contexts affect MPA performance.}
}
@article{brown_2015-YK,
title = {Fisheries and biodiversity benefits of using static versus dynamic models for designing marine reserve networks},
author = {Brown, Christopher J. and White, Crow and Beger, Maria and Grantham, Hedley S. and Halpern, Benjamin S. and Klein, Carissa J. and Mumby, Peter J. and Tulloch, Vivitskaia J. D. and Ruckelshaus, Mary and Possingham, Hugh P.},
pages = {art182},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1890/ES14-00429.1},
year = {2015},
month = {oct},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ecosphere},
volume = {6},
number = {10},
issn = {2150-8925},
doi = {10.1890/ES14-00429.1},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine reserves are widely used to manage for the potentially conflicting objectives of conserving biodiversity and improving fisheries. The fisheries and conservation benefits of alternative reserve designs would ideally be assessed using dynamic models, which consider spillover of fish and larvae to fished areas, and the displacement of fishers to unprotected sites. In practice, however, decisions about the location of marine reserves generally rely on cheaper and faster static models. Static models analyze only spatial patterns in habitats, and typically assume fisheries profits are reduced by the amount that was generated in areas designated as reserves. To help determine the benefits of developing dynamic fisheries models, we assessed how well static models estimate costs of reserve systems to fisheries and how outcomes from reserves designed using either static or dynamic models differ. We tested these questions in two case studies, the network of marine protected areas in southern California, USA and the proposed Tun Mustapha Marine Park in Malaysia. Static models could either under or over-estimate the cost of reserve plans to fisheries, depending on the relative importance of fisher movement and larval dispersal dynamics. Despite the inaccuracy of static models for estimating costs, reserves designed using static models were similar to those designed with dynamic models if fisheries were well managed; or larval dispersal networks were simple. If larval networks were complex or there was overfishing, dynamic models generated substantially different reserve networks from static models, which improved conservation outcomes by up to 10\% and fishing profits by up 20\%. The time-scale of management was also important, because only dynamic models accounted for larval dispersal, so could find reserves that maximized the long-term benefits of larval spillover. Our case studies provide quantitative support for the assertion that static models can be useful for planning marine reserves for short-term objectives in well managed fisheries, but are not reliable for evaluating the relative costs of reserves to fisheries.}
}
@article{brochier_2015-9m,
title = {Implementation of artificial habitats: Inside or outside the marine protected areas? Insights from a mathematical approach},
author = {Brochier, Timothée and Auger, Pierre and Thiam, Ndiaga and Sow, Momar and Diouf, Sidiya and Sloterdijk, Hans and Brehmer, Patrice},
pages = {98-106},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304380014005328},
year = {2015},
month = {feb},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ecol Modell},
volume = {297},
issn = {03043800},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.10.034},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{breen_2015-cf,
title = {Temperate Marine Protected Areas and highly mobile fish: A review},
author = {Breen, Patricia and Posen, Paulette and Righton, David},
pages = {75-83},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0964569114004050},
year = {2015},
month = {mar},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ocean Coast Manag},
volume = {105},
issn = {09645691},
doi = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.12.021},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{berriman_2015-eb,
title = {Shifts in attack behavior of an important kelp forest predator within marine reserves},
author = {Berriman, JS and Kay, MC and Reed, DC and Rassweiler, A and Goldstein, DA and Wright, WG},
pages = {193-201},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v522/p193-201/},
year = {2015},
month = {mar},
day = {2},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.},
volume = {522},
issn = {0171-8630},
doi = {10.3354/meps11157},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine reserves have become increasingly valuable tools with which to manage eco- systems. These reserves consistently restore populations of top predators, often reducing avail- ability of their favored prey. We hypothesized that such prey reduction in reserves causes pro- tected predators to alter their attack behavior to include less palatable prey, potentially amplifying top-down effects on community structure. To test this hypothesis, we presented the relatively unpalatable sea hare Aplysia californica to freely foraging spiny lobsters Panulirus interruptus in 4 marine no-take reserves, each paired with an adjacent fished area. We found that lobsters only attacked sea hares inside reserves, where lobster density was significantly greater than that of the adjacent fished areas. Attacks on otherwise unpalatable prey exclusively in no-take reserves was likely caused by increased hunger, since in the laboratory only food-deprived lobsters attacked sea hares. These findings are the first to suggest that management involving no-take reserves may have unintended consequences on community structure that result from behavioral changes in key predators in the face of increased competition for food. We suspect that these effects may become more widely detected as reserves across the globe grow older and are researched further.}
}
@article{batista_2015-EQ,
title = {Assessment of catches, landings and fishing effort as useful tools for MPA management},
author = {Batista, M.I. and Horta e Costa, B. and Gonçalves, L. and Henriques, M. and Erzini, K. and Caselle, J.E. and Gonçalves, E.J. and Cabral, H.N.},
pages = {197-208},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0165783615300291},
year = {2015},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Fisheries Research},
volume = {172},
issn = {01657836},
doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2015.07.020},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely recognized as a tool to achieve both fisheries management and conservation goals. Simultaneously achieving these multiple goals is difficult due to conflicts between conservation (often long-term) and economic (often short-term) objectives. MPA implementation often includes additional control measures on fisheries (e.g. vessel size restrictions, gear exclusion, catch controls) that in the short-term may have impacts on local fishers\textquoteright communities. Thus, monitoring fisheries catches before, during and after MPA implementation is essential to document changes in fisheries activities and to evaluate the impact of MPAs in fishers' communities. Remarkably, in contrast with standard fisheries-independent biological surveys, these data are rarely measured at appropriate spatial scales following MPA implementation. Here, the effects of MPA implementation on local fisheries are assessed in a temperate MPA (Arrabida Marine Park, Portugal), using fisheries monitoring methods combining spatial distribution of fishing effort, on-board observations and official landings statistics at scales appropriate to the Marine Park. Fisheries spatial distribution, fishing effort, on-board data collection and official landings registered for the same vessels over time were analysed between 2004 and 2010. The applicability and reliability of using landings statistics alone was tested (i.e. when no sampling data are available) and we conclude that landings data alone only allow the identification of general patterns. The combination of landings information (which is known to be unreliable in many coastal communities) with other methods, provides an effective tool to evaluate fisheries dynamics in response to MPA implementation. As resources for monitoring socio-ecological responses to MPAs are frequently scarce, the use of landings data calibrated with fisheries information (from vessels, gear distribution and on-board data) is a valuable tool applicable to many worldwide coastal small-scale fisheries.}
}
@article{anderson_2014-yi,
title = {Recovery of grouper assemblages indicates effectiveness of a marine protected area in Southern Brazil},
author = {Anderson, AB and Bonaldo, RM and Barneche, DR and Hackradt, CW and Félix-Hackradt, FC and García-Charton, JA and Floeter, SR},
pages = {207-215},
url = {http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v514/p207-215/},
year = {2014},
month = {nov},
day = {6},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.},
volume = {514},
issn = {0171-8630},
doi = {10.3354/meps11032},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{lvarezromero_2013-DL,
title = {Marine conservation planning in practice: lessons learned from the Gulf of California},
author = {Álvarez-Romero, Jorge G. and Pressey, Robert L. and Ban, Natalie C. and Torre-Cosío, Jorge and Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio},
pages = {483-505},
url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/aqc.2334},
year = {2013},
month = {aug},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst.},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
issn = {10527613},
doi = {10.1002/aqc.2334},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@article{afflerbach_2014-HP,
title = {A global survey of \textquotedblleftTURF-reserves\textquotedblright, Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries coupled with marine reserves},
author = {Afflerbach, Jamie C. and Lester, Sarah E. and Dougherty, Dawn T. and Poon, Sarah E.},
pages = {97-106},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2351989414000146},
year = {2014},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Global Ecology and Conservation},
volume = {2},
issn = {23519894},
doi = {10.1016/j.gecco.2014.08.001},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Overfishing and degradation of the marine environment continue to plague coastal communities worldwide, with multiple diverse solutions being proposed. Territorial Use Rights for Fisheries (TURFs) is a fishery management approach that aligns fishers\textquoteright incentives with sustainability, while marine reserves have proven effective for ecosystem protection, and in some cases for fishery enhancement. These two management approaches are often used in isolation, leaving the potential utility of integrating them poorly understood. We examine cases where TURFs and marine reserves have been implemented together to create \textquotedblleftTURF-reserves\textquotedblright. We compiled a database of 27 TURF-reserves and collected information on the governance, management, enforcement, fishing practices, fishing rights, regulations, and design attributes for each site. We address several research questions including: what species are managed with TURF-reserves, how are TURF-reserves created and who is involved in the process? Our findings show that the majority of surveyed TURF-reserves arose from previously established TURF systems that target a range of fisheries, and multiple entities play a role in TURF-reserve development and management. We also examine the differences between two TURF-reserve archetypes and find that those developed with a strong history of customary tenure share distinct qualities from those created in a more recently established, government-mandated system.}
}
@article{aburtooropeza_2015-3X,
title = {A framework to assess the health of rocky reefs linking geomorphology, community assemblage, and fish biomass},
author = {Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio and Ezcurra, Exequiel and Moxley, Jerry and Sánchez-Rodríguez, Alexandra and Mascareñas-Osorio, Ismael and Sánchez-Ortiz, Carlos and Erisman, Brad and Ricketts, Taylor},
pages = {353-361},
url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1470160X14005743},
year = {2015},
month = {may},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {52},
issn = {1470160X},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.12.006},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {a b s t r a c t The recovery of historic community assemblages on reefs is a primary objective for the management of marine ecosystems. Working under the overall hypothesis that, as fishing pressure increases, the abundance in upper trophic levels decreases followed by intermediate levels, we develop an index that characterizes the comparative health of rocky reefs. Using underwater visual transects to sample rocky reefs in the Gulf of California, Mexico, we sampled 147 reefs across 1200 km to test this reef health index (IRH). Five-indicators described 88\% of the variation among the reefs along this fishing-intensity gradient: the biomass of piscivores and carnivores were positively associated with reef health; while the relative abundances of zooplanktivores, sea stars, and sea urchins, were negatively correlated with degraded reefs health. The average size of commercial macro-invertebrates and the absolute fish biomass increased significantly with increasing values of the IRH. Higher total fish biomass was found on reefs with complex geomorphology compared to reefs with simple geomorphology (r2 = 0.14, F = 44.05, P \textless 0.0001) and the trophic biomass pyramid also changed, which supports the evidence of the inversion of biomass pyramids along the gradient of reefs' health. Our findings introduce a novel approach to classify the health of rocky reefs under different fishing regimes and therefore resultant community structures. Additionally, our IRH provides insight regarding the potential gains in total fish biomass that may result from the conservation and protection of reefs with more complex geomorphology.}
}
@article{abesamis_2014-AO,
title = {The intrinsic vulnerability to fishing of coral reef fishes and their differential recovery in fishery closures},
author = {Abesamis, Rene A. and Green, Alison L. and Russ, Garry R. and Jadloc, Claro Renato L.},
pages = {1033-1063},
url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11160-014-9362-x},
year = {2014},
month = {dec},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Rev. Fish Biol. Fish.},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
issn = {0960-3166},
doi = {10.1007/s11160-014-9362-x},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Coral reef fishes differ in their intrinsic vulnerability to fishing and rates of population recovery after cessation of fishing. We reviewed life history-based predictions about the vulnerability of different groups of coral reef fish and examined the empirical evidence for different rates of population recovery inside no-take marine reserves to (1) determine if the empirical data agree with predictions about vulnerability and (2) show plausible scenarios of recovery within fully protected reserves and periodically-harvested fishery closures. In general, larger-bodied carnivorous reef fishes are predicted to be more vulnerable to fishing while smaller-bodied species lower in the food web (e.g., some herbivores) are predicted to be less vulnerable. However, this prediction does not always hold true because of the considerable diversity of life history strategies in reef fishes. Long-term trends in reef fish population recovery inside no-take reserves are consistent with broad predictions about vulnerability, suggesting that moderately to highly vulnerable species will require a significantly longer time (decades) to attain local carrying capacity than less vulnerable species. We recommend: (1) expanding age-based demographic studies of economically and ecologically important reef fishes to improve estimates of vulnerability; (2) long term (20–40 years), if not permanent, protection of no-take reserves to allow full population recovery and maximum biomass export; (3) strict compliance to no-take reserves to avoid considerable delays in recovery; (4) carefully controlling the timing and intensity of harvesting periodic closures to ensure long-term fishery benefits; (5) the use of periodically-harvested closures together with, rather than instead of, permanent no-take reserves.}
}
@article{frazier_2016--T,
title = {Mapping Uncertainty Due to Missing Data in the Global Ocean Health Index.},
author = {Frazier, Melanie and Longo, Catherine and Halpern, Benjamin S},
pages = {e0160377},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160377},
year = {2016},
month = {aug},
day = {2},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0160377},
pmid = {27483378},
pmcid = {PMC4970671},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect},
abstract = {Indicators are increasingly used to measure environmental systems; however, they are often criticized for failing to measure and describe uncertainty. Uncertainty is particularly difficult to evaluate and communicate in the case of composite indicators which aggregate many indicators of ecosystem condition. One of the ongoing goals of the Ocean Health Index (OHI) has been to improve our approach to dealing with missing data, which is a major source of uncertainty. Here we: (1) quantify the potential influence of gapfilled data on index scores from the 2015 global OHI assessment; (2) develop effective methods of tracking, quantifying, and communicating this information; and (3) provide general guidance for implementing gapfilling procedures for existing and emerging indicators, including regional OHI assessments. For the overall OHI global index score, the percent contribution of gapfilled data was relatively small (18.5\%); however, it varied substantially among regions and goals. In general, smaller territorial jurisdictions and the food provision and tourism and recreation goals required the most gapfilling. We found the best approach for managing gapfilled data was to mirror the general framework used to organize, calculate, and communicate the Index data and scores. Quantifying gapfilling provides a measure of the reliability of the scores for different regions and components of an indicator. Importantly, this information highlights the importance of the underlying datasets used to calculate composite indicators and can inform and incentivize future data collection.}
}
@article{flannery_2016-p8,
title = {Exploring the winners and losers of marine environmental governance/Marine spatial planning:Cui bono ?/\textquotedblleftMore than fishy business\textquotedblright: epistemology, integration and conflict in marine spatial planning/Marine spatial planning: power and scaping/Surely not all planning is evil?/Marine spatial planning: a Canadian perspective/Maritime spatial planning – \textquotedblleftad utilitatem omnium \textquotedblright/Marine spatial planning: \textquotedblleftit is better to be on the train than being hit by it\textquotedblright/Reflections from the perspective of recreational anglers and boats for hire/Maritime spatial planning and marine renewable energy},
author = {Flannery, Wesley and Ellis, Geraint and Ellis, Geraint and Flannery, Wesley and Nursey-Bray, Melissa and van Tatenhove, Jan P. M. and Kelly, Christina and Coffen-Smout, Scott and Fairgrieve, Rhona and Knol, Maaike and Jentoft, Svein and Bacon, David and O\textquoterightHagan, Anne Marie},
pages = {121-151},
url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14649357.2015.1131482},
year = {2016},
month = {jan},
day = {2},
urldate = {2016-11-23},
journal = {Planning Theory \& Practice},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
issn = {1464-9357},
doi = {10.1080/14649357.2015.1131482},
keywords = {TURFeffect},
f1000-projects = {KelpForests and PhD and TURFeffect}
}
@Manual{rcore_2017,
    title = {R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing},
    author = {{R Core Team}},
    organization = {R Foundation for Statistical Computing},
    address = {Vienna, Austria},
    year = {2017},
    url = {https://www.R-project.org/},
}
  
@Manual{stargazer_2015,
    title = {stargazer: Well-Formatted Regression and Summary Statistics Tables},
    author = {Marek Hlavac},
    year = {2015},
    note = {R package version 5.2},
    organization = {Harvard University},
    address = {Cambridge, USA},
    url = {http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stargazer},
}
  
@Manual{RColorBrewer_2014,
    title = {RColorBrewer: ColorBrewer Palettes},
    author = {Erich Neuwirth},
    year = {2014},
    note = {R package version 1.1-2},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=RColorBrewer},
}
  
@Article{sandwich_2014,
    title = {Econometric Computing with HC and HAC Covariance Matrix Estimators},
    author = {Achim Zeileis},
    journal = {Journal of Statistical Software},
    year = {2004},
    volume = {11},
    number = {10},
    pages = {1--17},
}

@Article{lmtest_2002,
    title = {Diagnostic Checking in Regression Relationships},
    author = {Achim Zeileis and Torsten Hothorn},
    journal = {R News},
    year = {2002},
    volume = {2},
    number = {3},
    pages = {7--10},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/doc/Rnews/},
}

@Manual{broom_2017,
    title = {broom: Convert Statistical Analysis Objects into Tidy Data Frames},
    author = {David Robinson},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 0.4.2},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=broom},
}

@Manual{tmap_2017,
    title = {tmap: Thematic Maps},
    author = {Martijn Tennekes},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.10},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tmap},
}

@Manual{tmaptools_2017,
    title = {tmaptools: Thematic Map Tools},
    author = {Martijn Tennekes},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.2-1},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tmaptools},
}

@Manual{rgdal_2017,
    title = {rgdal: Bindings for the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library},
    author = {Roger Bivand and Tim Keitt and Barry Rowlingson},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.2-7},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rgdal},
}

@Article{sp_2017,
    author = {Edzer J. Pebesma and Roger S. Bivand},
    title = {Classes and methods for spatial data in {R}},
    journal = {R News},
    year = {2005},
    volume = {5},
    number = {2},
    pages = {9--13},
    month = {November},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/doc/Rnews/},
}

@Manual{RefManager_2014,
    author = {Mathew William McLean},
    title = {Straightforward Bibliography Management in R Using the RefManager Package},
    note = {arXiv: 1403.2036 [cs.DL]. Submitted},
    year = {2014},
    url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.2036},
}

@Manual{tidyverse_2017,
    title = {tidyverse: Easily Install and Load 'Tidyverse' Packages},
    author = {Hadley Wickham},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.1.1},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyverse},
}

@Manual{knitr_2017,
    title = {knitr: A General-Purpose Package for Dynamic Report Generation in R},
    author = {Yihui Xie},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.16},
    url = {http://yihui.name/knitr/},
}

@Manual{rmarkdown_2017,
    title = {rmarkdown: Dynamic Documents for R},
    author = {JJ Allaire and Joe Cheng and Yihui Xie and Jonathan McPherson and Winston Chang and Jeff Allen and Hadley Wickham and Aron Atkins and Rob Hyndman and Ruben Arslan},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.6},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rmarkdown},
}

  @Manual{e1071,
    title = {e1071: Misc Functions of the Department of Statistics, Probability
Theory Group (Formerly: E1071), TU Wien},
    author = {David Meyer and Evgenia Dimitriadou and Kurt Hornik and Andreas Weingessel and Friedrich Leisch},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.6-8},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=e1071},
}

@Manual{shiny_2017,
    title = {shiny: Web Application Framework for R},
    author = {Winston Chang and Joe Cheng and JJ Allaire and Yihui Xie and Jonathan McPherson},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 1.0.3},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=shiny},
}

@Manual{shinydashboard_2017,
    title = {shinydashboard: Create Dashboards with 'Shiny'},
    author = {Winston Chang and Barbara {Borges Ribeiro}},
    year = {2017},
    note = {R package version 0.6.1},
    url = {https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=shinydashboard},
}

@incollection{ball_2009-qi,
	booktitle = {Spatial conservation prioritization. Quantitative methods \& computational tools},
	title = {Marxan and relatives: Software for spatial conservation prioritization},
	author = {Ball, Ian R and Possingham, Hugh P and Watts, Matthew E},
	pages = {185-195},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	url = {https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:200259},
	year = {2009},
	urldate = {2017-12-02},
	isbn = {9780199547760},
	address = {United Kingdom},
	f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
}

@article{chavez_2003-_m,
title = {From anchovies to sardines and back: multidecadal change in the Pacific Ocean.},
author = {Chavez, Francisco P and Ryan, John and Lluch-Cota, Salvador E and Niquen C, Miguel},
pages = {217-221},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1075880},
year = {2003},
month = {jan},
day = {10},
urldate = {2017-12-08},
journal = {Science},
volume = {299},
number = {5604},
doi = {10.1126/science.1075880},
pmid = {12522241},
f1000-projects = {TURFeffect},
abstract = {In the Pacific Ocean, air and ocean temperatures, atmospheric carbon dioxide, landings of anchovies and sardines, and the productivity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems have varied over periods of about 50 years. In the mid-1970s, the Pacific changed from a cool "anchovy regime" to a warm "sardine regime." A shift back to an anchovy regime occurred in the middle to late 1990s. These large-scale, naturally occurring variations must be taken into account when considering human-induced climate change and the management of ocean living resources.}
}

@online{INEGI,
title = {Marco Geoestadistico Nacional},
author = {Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Geografia e Informatica de Mexico},
url = {www.inegi.org.mx/geo/contenidos/geoestadistica/m_geoestadistico.aspx},
year = 2017,
urldate = {2017-12-10}
}