diff --git a/trl/trainer/grpo_trainer.py b/trl/trainer/grpo_trainer.py
index 9ae6acd473..6173030343 100644
--- a/trl/trainer/grpo_trainer.py
+++ b/trl/trainer/grpo_trainer.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import contextlib
+import functools
 import os
 import textwrap
 import warnings
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@
 import torch
 import torch.utils.data
 import transformers
+from accelerate import PartialState
 from accelerate.utils import broadcast_object_list, gather, gather_object, is_peft_model, set_seed
 from accelerate.utils.other import is_compiled_module
 from datasets import Dataset, IterableDataset
@@ -444,21 +447,26 @@ def data_collator(features):  # No data collation is needed in GRPO
 
             if self.accelerator.is_main_process:
                 vllm_device = self.args.vllm_device
+                device_type = PartialState().default_device.type
+                device_module = getattr(torch, device_type)
                 if vllm_device == "auto":
-                    if torch.cuda.device_count() == 1:
-                        vllm_device = "cuda:0"  # particular case when training with only 1 GPU: share it
+                    if device_module.device_count() == 1:
+                        vllm_device = f"{device_type}:0"  # particular case when training with onyl 1 device: share it
                     else:
-                        vllm_device = f"cuda:{self.accelerator.num_processes}"  # take the next GPU idx
+                        vllm_device = f"{device_type}:{self.accelerator.num_processes}"  # take the next GPU idx
                 # Check that the requested device is available
-                if vllm_device.split(":")[0] == "cuda" and int(vllm_device.split(":")[1]) >= torch.cuda.device_count():
+                if (
+                    vllm_device.split(":")[0] == f"{device_type}"
+                    and int(vllm_device.split(":")[1]) >= device_module.device_count()
+                ):
                     raise ValueError(
                         f"The requested device for vllm ({vllm_device}) is not available. You are likely using vLLM "
                         "without restricting the number of GPUs for training. Set the `--num_processes` argument to a "
                         "value lower than the number of GPUs available on your machine—typically, reducing it by one "
-                        f"is sufficient. In your case: `--num_processes {torch.cuda.device_count() - 1}`."
+                        f"is sufficient. In your case: `--num_processes {device_module.device_count() - 1}`."
                     )
                 # Check that the requested device is not also used for training
-                if vllm_device in {f"cuda:{idx}" for idx in range(self.accelerator.num_processes)}:
+                if vllm_device in {f"{device_type}:{idx}" for idx in range(self.accelerator.num_processes)}:
                     warnings.warn(
                         f"The requested device {vllm_device} is also being used for training. For higher throughput "
                         "and to avoid out-of-memory errors, it is recommended to use a dedicated device for vLLM. "
@@ -472,7 +480,25 @@ def data_collator(features):  # No data collation is needed in GRPO
                 profiling_patch = patch(
                     "vllm.worker.worker.Worker._assert_memory_footprint_increased_during_profiling", return_value=None
                 )
-                with world_size_patch, profiling_patch:
+
+                # For Ascend NPU (torch-npu), collective communication requires the establishment of a communication
+                # group, and different processes must hold the same group number. However, multiple process groups will
+                # be created internally within vLLM. This will cause the group id of the communication group on rank 0
+                # to be different from that of other ranks, causing backward to hang on because the communication
+                # domain cannot be established. So we need to patch it to make sure the group id of different ranks in
+                # the training phase are the same.
+                @contextlib.contextmanager
+                def new_group_context():
+                    new_group = torch.distributed.new_group
+                    try:
+                        torch.distributed.new_group = functools.partial(new_group, use_local_synchronization=True)
+                        torch.npu.mem_get_info = functools.partial(torch.npu.mem_get_info, device=vllm_device)
+                        yield
+                    finally:
+                        torch.distributed.new_group = new_group
+
+                new_group_patch = new_group_context() if device_type == "npu" else contextlib.nullcontext()
+                with world_size_patch, profiling_patch, new_group_patch:
                     self.llm = LLM(
                         model=model.name_or_path,
                         device=vllm_device,