diff --git a/lua/csvview/buf.lua b/lua/csvview/buf.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c46544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lua/csvview/buf.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+--- Buffer utilities
+local M = {}
+
+--- Resolve bufnr
+---@param bufnr integer| nil
+---@return integer
+function M.resolve_bufnr(bufnr)
+  if not bufnr or bufnr == 0 then
+    return vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
+  else
+    return bufnr
+  end
+end
+
+--- Watch buffer-update events
+---@param bufnr integer
+---@param callbacks vim.api.keyset.buf_attach
+---@return fun() detach_bufevent
+function M.attach(bufnr, callbacks)
+  local detached = false
+  local function wrap_buf_attach_handler(cb)
+    if not cb then
+      return nil
+    end
+
+    return function(...)
+      if detached then
+        return true -- detach
+      end
+
+      return cb(...)
+    end
+  end
+
+  local function attach_events()
+    vim.api.nvim_buf_attach(bufnr, false, {
+      on_lines = wrap_buf_attach_handler(callbacks.on_lines),
+      on_bytes = wrap_buf_attach_handler(callbacks.on_bytes),
+      on_changedtick = wrap_buf_attach_handler(callbacks.on_changedtick),
+      on_reload = wrap_buf_attach_handler(callbacks.on_reload),
+      on_detach = wrap_buf_attach_handler(callbacks.on_detach),
+    })
+  end
+
+  -- Attach to buffer
+  attach_events()
+
+  -- Re-register events on `:e`
+  local buf_event_auid = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufReadPost" }, {
+    callback = function()
+      attach_events()
+      if callbacks.on_reload then
+        callbacks.on_reload("reload", bufnr)
+      end
+    end,
+    buffer = bufnr,
+  })
+
+  -- detach
+  return function()
+    if detached then
+      return
+    end
+
+    vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd(buf_event_auid)
+    detached = true
+  end
+end
+
+return M
diff --git a/lua/csvview/buffer_event.lua b/lua/csvview/buffer_event.lua
deleted file mode 100644
index 54f3348..0000000
--- a/lua/csvview/buffer_event.lua
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-local M = {}
-
----@class CsvView.BufferEvents
----@field on_lines fun(event: "lines", bufnr: integer, changedtick: integer, first: integer, last: integer, last_updated: integer, byte_count: integer, deleted_codepoints: integer, deleted_codeunits: integer): boolean | nil Return `true` to detach from buffer events.
----@field on_reload fun(event: "reload", bufnr: integer) : boolean | nil Return `true` to detach from buffer events.
-
----Register buffer events. This will attach to the buffer and listen for events.
----When the buffer is reloaded, the events will be re-registered.
----@param bufnr integer
----@param events CsvView.BufferEvents
-function M.register(bufnr, events)
-  -- Re-register events on `:e`
-  vim.b[bufnr].csvview_update_auid = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufReadPost" }, {
-    callback = function()
-      M.register(bufnr, events)
-      events.on_reload("reload", bufnr)
-    end,
-    buffer = bufnr,
-    once = true,
-  })
-
-  -- Attach to buffer
-  vim.api.nvim_buf_attach(bufnr, false, {
-    on_lines = function(...)
-      return events.on_lines(...)
-    end,
-    on_reload = function(...)
-      return events.on_reload(...)
-    end,
-  })
-end
-
----Unregister buffer events.
----This will detach from the buffer and stop listening for events.
----@param bufnr integer
-function M.unregister(bufnr)
-  vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd(vim.b[bufnr].csvview_update_auid)
-  vim.b[bufnr].csvview_update_auid = nil
-end
-
-return M
diff --git a/lua/csvview/util.lua b/lua/csvview/errors.lua
similarity index 62%
rename from lua/csvview/util.lua
rename to lua/csvview/errors.lua
index ddf31d7..d1f09af 100644
--- a/lua/csvview/util.lua
+++ b/lua/csvview/errors.lua
@@ -1,24 +1,30 @@
+--- Error handling utilities
 local M = {}
 
+--- @class CsvView.Error
+--- @field err string error message
+--- @field stacktrace? string error stacktrace
+--- @field [string] any additional context data
+
 --- Wrap error with stacktrace for `xpcall`
----@param err string | table
----@return table
+---@param err string|CsvView.Error|nil
+---@return CsvView.Error
 function M.wrap_stacktrace(err)
   if type(err) == "table" then
-    return err
+    return vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", err, { stacktrace = debug.traceback("", 2) })
   else
     return { err = err, stacktrace = debug.traceback("", 2) }
   end
 end
 
 --- Propagate error with context
----@param err any
----@param context table | nil
+---@param err string|CsvView.Error|nil
+---@param context table<string,any>| nil
 function M.error_with_context(err, context)
-  if type(err) == "table" then
-    err = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", err, context or {})
-  elseif type(err) == "string" then
+  if type(err) == "string" then
     err = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", { err = err }, context or {})
+  elseif type(err) == "table" then
+    err = vim.tbl_deep_extend("keep", err, context or {})
   end
   error(err, 0)
 end
@@ -27,23 +33,22 @@ end
 ---@param tbl table
 ---@param key string
 ---@return any
-function M.tbl_remove_key(tbl, key)
+local function tbl_remove_key(tbl, key)
   local value = tbl[key] ---@type any
   tbl[key] = nil ---@type any
   return value
 end
 
 --- Print error message
----@param header string
----@param err string | table
+--- @type fun(header: string, err: string|CsvView.Error|nil)
 M.print_structured_error = vim.schedule_wrap(function(header, err)
   --- @type string
   local msg
 
   if type(err) == "table" then
     -- extract error message and stacktrace
-    local stacktrace = M.tbl_remove_key(err, "stacktrace") or "No stacktrace available"
-    local err_msg = M.tbl_remove_key(err, "err") or "An unspecified error occurred"
+    local stacktrace = tbl_remove_key(err, "stacktrace") or "No stacktrace available"
+    local err_msg = tbl_remove_key(err, "err") or "An unspecified error occurred"
 
     -- format error message
     msg = string.format(
diff --git a/lua/csvview/init.lua b/lua/csvview/init.lua
index 14b1fc4..e788d7a 100644
--- a/lua/csvview/init.lua
+++ b/lua/csvview/init.lua
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
 local M = {}
 
+local CsvView = require("csvview.view").View
+local get_view = require("csvview.view").get
+local attach_view = require("csvview.view").attach
+local detach_view = require("csvview.view").detach
+local setup_view = require("csvview.view").setup
+
 local CsvViewMetrics = require("csvview.metrics")
-local buffer_event = require("csvview.buffer_event")
+local buf = require("csvview.buf")
 local config = require("csvview.config")
-local view = require("csvview.view")
 
 --- check if csv table view is enabled
 ---@param bufnr integer
 ---@return boolean
 function M.is_enabled(bufnr)
-  return view.get(bufnr) ~= nil
+  return get_view(bufnr) ~= nil
 end
 
 --- enable csv table view
@@ -24,37 +29,32 @@ function M.enable(bufnr, opts)
     return
   end
 
-  -- Calculate metrics and attach view.
+  local detach_bufevent_handle --- @type fun()
   local metrics = CsvViewMetrics:new(bufnr, opts)
-  metrics:compute_buffer(function()
-    view.attach(bufnr, metrics, opts)
+  local view = CsvView:new(bufnr, metrics, opts, function()
+    detach_bufevent_handle()
+    metrics:clear()
   end)
 
-  -- Register buffer events.
-  buffer_event.register(bufnr, {
+  -- Register buffer-update events.
+  detach_bufevent_handle = buf.attach(bufnr, {
     on_lines = function(_, _, _, first, last, last_updated)
-      -- detach if disabled
-      if not M.is_enabled(bufnr) then
-        return true
-      end
-
-      -- Recalculate only the difference.
       metrics:update(first, last, last_updated)
     end,
-
     on_reload = function()
-      -- detach if disabled
-      if not M.is_enabled(bufnr) then
-        return true
-      end
-
-      -- Recalculate all fields.
-      view.detach(bufnr)
+      view:clear()
+      metrics:clear()
+      view:lock()
       metrics:compute_buffer(function()
-        view.attach(bufnr, metrics, opts)
+        view:unlock()
       end)
     end,
   })
+
+  -- Calculate metrics and attach view.
+  metrics:compute_buffer(function()
+    attach_view(bufnr, view)
+  end)
 end
 
 --- disable csv table view
@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ function M.disable(bufnr)
     return
   end
 
-  -- Unregister buffer events and detach view.
-  buffer_event.unregister(bufnr)
-  view.detach(bufnr)
+  detach_view(bufnr)
 end
 
 --- toggle csv table view
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ end
 ---@param opts CsvView.Options?
 function M.setup(opts)
   config.setup(opts)
-  view.setup()
+  setup_view()
 end
 
 return M
diff --git a/lua/csvview/parser.lua b/lua/csvview/parser.lua
index 3890314..5509237 100644
--- a/lua/csvview/parser.lua
+++ b/lua/csvview/parser.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local M = {}
-local util = require("csvview.util")
+local errors = require("csvview.errors")
 
 ---@class Csvview.Parser.Callbacks
 ---@field on_line fun(lnum:integer,is_comment:boolean,fields:string[]) the callback to be called for each line
@@ -145,9 +145,9 @@ local function iter(startlnum, endlnum, bufnr, opts, cb)
   -- iterate lines
   local parsed_num = 0
   for i = startlnum, endlnum do
-    local ok, err = xpcall(parse_line, util.wrap_stacktrace, i)
+    local ok, err = xpcall(parse_line, errors.wrap_stacktrace, i)
     if not ok then
-      util.error_with_context(err, { lnum = i })
+      errors.error_with_context(err, { lnum = i })
     end
 
     -- yield every chunksize
@@ -178,16 +178,16 @@ function M.iter_lines_async(bufnr, startlnum, endlnum, cb, opts)
 
   -- create coroutine to iterate lines
   local co = coroutine.create(function() ---@async
-    local ok, err = xpcall(iter, util.wrap_stacktrace, startlnum, endlnum, bufnr, opts, cb)
+    local ok, err = xpcall(iter, errors.wrap_stacktrace, startlnum, endlnum, bufnr, opts, cb)
     if not ok then
-      util.error_with_context(err, { startlnum = startlnum, endlnum = endlnum })
+      errors.error_with_context(err, { startlnum = startlnum, endlnum = endlnum })
     end
   end)
 
   local function resume_co()
     local ok, err = coroutine.resume(co)
     if not ok then
-      util.print_structured_error("CsvView Error parsing buffer", err)
+      errors.print_structured_error("CsvView Error parsing buffer", err)
     elseif coroutine.status(co) ~= "dead" then
       vim.schedule(resume_co)
     end
diff --git a/lua/csvview/view.lua b/lua/csvview/view.lua
index ea6cacb..f1bd2b0 100644
--- a/lua/csvview/view.lua
+++ b/lua/csvview/view.lua
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 local EXTMARK_NS = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace("csv_extmark")
-local util = require("csvview.util")
+local errors = require("csvview.errors")
 
 --- Get end column of line
 ---@param winid integer window id
@@ -11,25 +11,29 @@ local function end_col(winid, lnum)
 end
 
 --- @class CsvView.View
---- @field bufnr integer
---- @field metrics CsvView.Metrics
---- @field extmarks integer[]
---- @field opts CsvView.Options
+--- @field public bufnr integer
+--- @field public metrics CsvView.Metrics
+--- @field public opts CsvView.Options
+--- @field private _extmarks integer[]
+--- @field private _on_dispose function?
+--- @field private _locked boolean
 local View = {}
 
 --- create new view
 ---@param bufnr integer
 ---@param metrics CsvView.Metrics
 ---@param opts CsvView.Options
+---@param on_dispose? fun()
 ---@return CsvView.View
-function View:new(bufnr, metrics, opts)
+function View:new(bufnr, metrics, opts, on_dispose)
   self.__index = self
 
   local obj = {}
   obj.bufnr = bufnr
   obj.metrics = metrics
-  obj.extmarks = {}
   obj.opts = opts
+  obj._extmarks = {}
+  obj._on_dispose = on_dispose
   return setmetatable(obj, self)
 end
 
@@ -41,7 +45,7 @@ end
 ---@param border boolean
 function View:_align_left(lnum, offset, padding, field, border)
   if padding > 0 then
-    self.extmarks[#self.extmarks + 1] =
+    self._extmarks[#self._extmarks + 1] =
       vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset + field.len, {
         virt_text = { { string.rep(" ", padding) } },
         virt_text_pos = "inline",
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ end
 ---@param border boolean
 function View:_align_right(lnum, offset, padding, field, border)
   if padding > 0 then
-    self.extmarks[#self.extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset, {
+    self._extmarks[#self._extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset, {
       virt_text = { { string.rep(" ", padding) } },
       virt_text_pos = "inline",
       right_gravity = false,
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@ function View:render_column_index_header(lnum)
       virt[#virt + 1] = { "," }
     end
   end
-  self.extmarks[#self.extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, 0, {
+  self._extmarks[#self._extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, 0, {
     virt_lines = { virt },
     virt_lines_above = true,
   })
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ end
 ---@param lnum integer 1-indexed lnum
 ---@param offset integer 0-indexed byte offset
 function View:_highlight_delimiter(lnum, offset)
-  self.extmarks[#self.extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset, {
+  self._extmarks[#self._extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset, {
     hl_group = "CsvViewDelimiter",
     end_col = offset + 1,
   })
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ end
 ---@param lnum integer 1-indexed lnum
 ---@param offset integer 0-indexed byte offset
 function View:_render_border(lnum, offset)
-  self.extmarks[#self.extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset, {
+  self._extmarks[#self._extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, offset, {
     virt_text = { { "│", "CsvViewDelimiter" } },
     virt_text_pos = "overlay",
   })
@@ -128,12 +132,19 @@ end
 
 --- clear view
 function View:clear()
-  for _ = 1, #self.extmarks do
-    local id = table.remove(self.extmarks)
+  for _ = 1, #self._extmarks do
+    local id = table.remove(self._extmarks)
     vim.api.nvim_buf_del_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, id)
   end
 end
 
+function View:dispose()
+  self:clear()
+  if self._on_dispose then
+    self._on_dispose()
+  end
+end
+
 --- Render field in line
 ---@param lnum integer 1-indexed lnum
 ---@param column_index 1-indexed column index
@@ -167,7 +178,7 @@ function View:_render_line(lnum, winid)
 
   if line.is_comment then
     -- highlight comment line
-    self.extmarks[#self.extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, 0, {
+    self._extmarks[#self._extmarks + 1] = vim.api.nvim_buf_set_extmark(self.bufnr, EXTMARK_NS, lnum - 1, 0, {
       hl_group = "CsvViewComment",
       end_col = end_col(winid, lnum),
     })
@@ -177,9 +188,9 @@ function View:_render_line(lnum, winid)
   -- render fields
   local offset = 0
   for column_index, field in ipairs(line.fields) do
-    local ok, err = xpcall(self._render_field, util.wrap_stacktrace, self, lnum, column_index, field, offset)
+    local ok, err = xpcall(self._render_field, errors.wrap_stacktrace, self, lnum, column_index, field, offset)
     if not ok then
-      util.error_with_context(err, { lnum = lnum, column_index = column_index })
+      errors.error_with_context(err, { lnum = lnum, column_index = column_index })
     end
     offset = offset + field.len + 1
   end
@@ -194,13 +205,29 @@ function View:render(top_lnum, bot_lnum, winid)
 
   --- render all fields in ranges
   for lnum = top_lnum, bot_lnum do
-    local ok, err = xpcall(self._render_line, util.wrap_stacktrace, self, lnum, winid)
+    local ok, err = xpcall(self._render_line, errors.wrap_stacktrace, self, lnum, winid)
     if not ok then
-      util.error_with_context(err, { lnum = lnum })
+      errors.error_with_context(err, { lnum = lnum })
     end
   end
 end
 
+--- Lock view rendering
+function View:lock()
+  self._locked = true
+end
+
+--- Unlock view rendering
+function View:unlock()
+  self._locked = false
+end
+
+--- check if view rendering is locked
+---@return boolean
+function View:is_locked()
+  return self._locked
+end
+
 -------------------------------------------------------
 -- module exports
 -------------------------------------------------------
@@ -212,14 +239,13 @@ M._views = {}
 
 --- attach view for buffer
 ---@param bufnr integer
----@param metrics CsvView.Metrics
----@param opts CsvView.Options
-function M.attach(bufnr, metrics, opts)
+---@param view CsvView.View
+function M.attach(bufnr, view)
   if M._views[bufnr] then
     vim.notify("csvview: already attached for this buffer.")
     return
   end
-  M._views[bufnr] = View:new(bufnr, metrics, opts)
+  M._views[bufnr] = view
   vim.cmd([[redraw!]])
 end
 
@@ -229,8 +255,7 @@ function M.detach(bufnr)
   if not M._views[bufnr] then
     return
   end
-  M._views[bufnr]:clear()
-  M._views[bufnr].metrics:clear()
+  M._views[bufnr]:dispose()
   M._views[bufnr] = nil
 end
 
@@ -261,15 +286,20 @@ function M.setup()
       --   return false
       -- end
 
+      -- do not render when locked
+      if view:is_locked() then
+        return false
+      end
+
       -- clear last rendered.
       view:clear()
 
       -- render with current window range.
       local top = vim.fn.line("w0", winid)
       local bot = vim.fn.line("w$", winid)
-      local ok, err = xpcall(view.render, util.wrap_stacktrace, view, top, bot, winid)
+      local ok, err = xpcall(view.render, errors.wrap_stacktrace, view, top, bot, winid)
       if not ok then
-        util.print_structured_error("CsvView Rendering Stopped with Error", err)
+        errors.print_structured_error("CsvView Rendering Stopped with Error", err)
         M.detach(bufnr)
       end