scoping.py

a = 'global'

def outer():

    def len(in_var):
        print("called my len() function: ")
        l = 0
        for i in in_var:
            l += 1
        return l

    a = 'local'

    def inner():
        global len
        nonlocal a
        a += ' variable'
    inner()
    print('a is', a)
    print(len(a))


outer()

print(len(a))
print('a is', a)