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Add references to additional figures #688

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Add references to additional figures #688

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add vaccines fig
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3 changes: 3 additions & 0 deletions build/assets/custom-dictionary.txt
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Expand Up @@ -675,6 +675,7 @@ Leydig
LHA
Liang
Liao
LifeCyclePlusDrugs
ligand
Likhitha
likhithakolla
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -944,6 +945,7 @@ pmc
pmcid
pmid
pneumocytes
png
polyclonal
polymerase
polymerases
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1098,6 +1100,7 @@ Scapone
SCGB
scRNA
SEB
secno
segmental
SEIR
SeKnyaz
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16 changes: 14 additions & 2 deletions content/20.treatments.md
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Expand Up @@ -818,11 +818,17 @@ There are over 100 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials.
Of the 78 active vaccine programs, 73 were in the preclinical or exploratory stage [@doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00073-5].
Unlike many global vaccine development programs previously, such as with H1N1, the vaccine development landscape for COVID-19 includes vaccines produced by a wide array of technologies.
Experience in the field of oncology is encouraging COVID-19 vaccine developers to use next-generation approaches to vaccine development, which have led to the great diversity of vaccine development programs [@url:https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/newer-vaccine-technologies-deployed-to-develop-covid-19-shot-67152].
Diverse technology platforms include DNA, RNA, virus-like particle, recombinant protein, both replicating and non-replicating viral vectors, live attenuated virus, and inactivated virus approaches.
Diverse technology platforms include DNA, RNA, virus-like particle, recombinant protein, both replicating and non-replicating viral vectors, live attenuated virus, and inactivated virus approaches (Figure @fig:vaccines).
Given the wide range of vaccines under development, it is possible that some vaccine products may eventually be shown to be more effective in certain subpopulations, such as children, pregnant women, immunocompromised patients, the elderly, etc.
The requirements for a successful vaccine trial and deployment are complex and may require coordination between government, industry, academia, and philanthropic entities [@doi:10.1126/science.abc5312].
While little is currently known about immunity to SARS-CoV-2, vaccine development typically tests for serum neutralizing activity, as this has been established as a biomarker for adaptive immunity in other respiratory illnesses [@doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2022483].

![
**Vaccine Development Strategies.**
Several different strategies can and are being employed for the development of vaccines.
Each approach capitalizes on different features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and delivery through a different platform.
](images/N002-Vaccines.png){#fig:vaccines secno=1}

###### DNA Vaccines

This vaccination method involves the direct introduction of a plasmid containing a DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought into appropriate tissues [@url:https://www.who.int/biologicals/areas/vaccines/dna/en/].
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -937,11 +943,17 @@ While trained immunity is an interesting possible avenue to complement vaccine d
Currently, there are several possible prophylactics and therapeutics under investigation.
Early public attention focused on potential treatments whose therapeutic/prophylactic value has subsequently been disproved or remains under question, such as HCQ and some nutraceuticals, respectively.
Advances in prophylactics continue to develop, with several vaccines currently in clinical trials.
As research has progressed, several potential approaches to treatment have emerged.
As research has progressed, several potential approaches to treatment have emerged (Figure @fig:therapeutics).
Most notably, remdesivir has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of COVID-19, and dexamethasone, which was approved by the FDA in 1958, has been found to improve outcomes for patients with severe COVID-19.
As more evidence becomes available, the potential for existing and novel therapies to improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients will become better understood.
At present, a number of promising avenues continue to be explored.

![
**Mechanism of Action for Potential Therapeutics**
Potential therapeutics currently being studied target the SARS-CoV-2 or modify the host environment through many different mechanisms.
Here, the relationship between the virus and several therapeutics described above are visualized.
](images/N001-LifeCyclePlusDrugs.png){#fig:therapeutics secno=1}

##### Trained Immunity

Another approach that is being investigated explores the potential for vaccines that are not made from the SARS-CoV-2 virus to confer what has been termed trained immunity.
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