3-2.5_Mod02_Practice.ipynb

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    "# Module 2 Practice\n",
    "\n",
    "### Students will be able to:\n",
    "\n",
    "## 3-2.1 Boolean Expressions and Compound Conditionals\n",
    "* Describe the fundamental Boolean operators (and, or, not)\n",
    "* Use Boolean operators to combine comparisons\n",
    "* Recognize that different Boolean expressions can yield equal results\n",
    "* Employ combined comparisons to control program flow (i.e. `if` statements)\n",
    "\n",
    "## 3-2.2 Advanced Loop Structures\n",
    "* Recognize the purpose of a `pass` statement\n",
    "* Differentiate between `break` and `continue` statements\n",
    "* Control loop iteration using `break` or `continue` \n",
    "* Use nested loops to iterate over the elements of a table\n",
    "* Employ compound conditional expressions in a loop structure\n",
    "\n",
    "## 3-2.3 Containment, Identity, and Operator Precedence\n",
    "* Test if a list contains a certain element\n",
    "* Test if a string is contained in another string\n",
    "* Test the identity of objects (i.e. int, float, lists, string...etc)\n",
    "* Recognize the effect of different operator precedence (including: assignment (=), relational (<, >=,...), Boolean (and, or, not), arithmetic (/ // % * + -), identity (is) , and containment (in))\n",
    "\n",
    "## 3-2.4 Powerful Output Formatting\n",
    "* Format strings using old-style `printf` formatting, this includes:\n",
    "    * Formatting numbers\n",
    "    * Formatting strings\n",
    "    * Padding\n",
    "    * Alignment\n",
    "    \n",
    "* Format strings using new style formatting, this includes:\n",
    "    * Formatting numbers\n",
    "    * Formatting strings\n",
    "    * Padding\n",
    "    * Alignment\n",
    "    "
   ]
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 1</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Compound Conditionals\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### User input"
   ]
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    "# [ ] Complete the following program to validate a user input is outside the ranges [-50, 0] and [100, 200].\n",
    "# The range limits (-50, 0, 100, 200) are not valid inputs\n",
    "# Valid test inputs include: -55, 20, 99\n",
    "# Invalid test inputs include: -30, 150 (and the range limts -50, 0, 100, 200)\n",
    "\n",
    "# User input\n",
    "x = input(\"Enter a number outside the ranges [-50, 0] and [100, 200]: \")\n",
    "\n",
    "# convert x to int\n",
    "x = int(x)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Test input validity\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## [ ] Repeat the previous task using a different conditional statement (solve it a different way)\n",
    "# Complete the following program to validate a user input is outside the ranges [-50, 0] and [100, 200].\n",
    "# The range limits (-50, 0, 100, 200) are not valid inputs\n",
    "\n",
    "# User input\n",
    "x = input(\"Enter a number outside the ranges [-50, 0] and [100, 200]: \")\n",
    "\n",
    "# convert x to int\n",
    "x = int(x)\n",
    "    \n",
    "# Test input validity \n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "cell_type": "code",
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   "source": [
    "# [ ] Complete the following program to validate a user input is *odd* and outside the ranges [-50, 0] and [100, 200].\n",
    "# The range limits (-50, 0, 100, 200) are not valid inputs\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
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   "source": [
    "# [ ] Complete the following program to validate a user input is divisible by 3 and \n",
    "# inside either the range [-75, -25] or the range [50, 75]\n",
    "# The range limit (75) is a valid input; whereas, (-50, -25, 50) are not (as they are not evenly divisible by 3)\n",
    "# Valid test inputs include: -33, -60, 63\n",
    "# Invalid test inputs include: -6, 33 (out of range), -29, 55 (not evanly divisible by 3)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "### Tax brackets\n",
    "\n",
    "Calculating taxes is a complicated task; however, for the purpose for this task we will consider a simple model that follows this table:\n",
    "\n",
    "|Rate|Taxable Income | Tax Owed|\n",
    "|---|---|---|\n",
    "|10%|\\$0 to \\$9,325|10% of Taxable Income|\n",
    "|15%|\\$9,325 to \\$37,950|\\$932.50 plus 15% of the excess over \\$9,325|\n",
    "|25%|\\$37,950 to \\$91,900|\\$5,226.25 plus 25% of the excess over \\$37,950|\n",
    "|28%|\\$91,900 to \\$191,650|\\$18,713.75 plus 28% of the excess over \\$91,900|\n",
    "|33%|\\$191,650 to \\$416,700|\\$46,643.75 plus 33%% of the excess over \\$191,650|\n",
    "|35%|\\$416,700 to \\$418,400|\\$120,910.25 plus 35% of the excess over \\$416,700|\n",
    "|39.60%|\\$418,400+|\\$121,505.25 plus 39.6% of the excess over \\$418,400|"
   ]
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    "# [ ] The following program prompts the user for a taxable income then displays the owed taxes.\n",
    "# Complete the function `tax_owed(income)` using conditional statements and the values in the tax table above.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Test cases:\n",
    "# income = 5000,   Taxes owed = $ 500.0\n",
    "# income = 10000,  Taxes owed = $ 1033.75\n",
    "# income = 40000,  Taxes owed = $ 5738.75\n",
    "# income = 100000, Taxes owed = $ 20981.75\n",
    "# income = 200000, Taxes owed = $ 49399.25\n",
    "# income = 417000, Taxes owed = $ 121015.25 \n",
    "# income = 500000, Taxes owed = $ 153818.85\n",
    "\n",
    "def tax_owed(income):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Calculate the taxes owed using the tax bracket table.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        income: Taxable income in dollars\n",
    "        \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        tax_owed: Taxes owed based on income and tax bracket\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "# Prompt for taxable income\n",
    "x = int(input(\"Enter the taxable income: \"))\n",
    "tax = tax_owed(x)\n",
    "print(\"Taxes owed = $\", tax)\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 2</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Loops: `break`, `continue`\n",
    "\n"
   ]
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    "# [ ] The following program checks if `lst` is symmetric around its center.\n",
    "# In other words, it tests if the first element equals the last, the second equals the second from last, and so on.\n",
    "# \n",
    "# `lst` contains 10001 numbers, it was created using a symmetric list then changing the first number to 0 to break the symmetry.\n",
    "# In the current form of the program, the loop needs to iterate 5000 times to complete the check regardless of the content of lst.\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Modify the program to improve its efficiency and reduce the number of iteration (hint- read the title)\n",
    "\n",
    "lst = [0, 9247, 30629, 48757, 28498, 31681, 17183, 11678, 10402, 33847, 48194, 33208, 19914, 11667, 15278, 27784, 25517, 35429, 27136, 7369, 46028, 21805, 37239, 17275, 37458, 19285, 41586, 44426, 44910, 34239, 12230, 17730, 12539, 27517, 19757, 46962, 42676, 35454, 5834, 14866, 21586, 45606, 32559, 36344, 5477, 36284, 36663, 19832, 41612, 11189, 17435, 22529, 23037, 45455, 32562, 38905, 7639, 37124, 26917, 41882, 17844, 36633, 7445, 24209, 9236, 15186, 35947, 22467, 9654, 22764, 24626, 29191, 28375, 36701, 21256, 27423, 33712, 16785, 44242, 6164, 5154, 21984, 7212, 46025, 8589, 12238, 23618, 22756, 48944, 18650, 11335, 42614, 26388, 29569, 21003, 23152, 11593, 14528, 33960, 24475, 18509, 30776, 13525, 13225, 28065, 39002, 23410, 29364, 46725, 11564, 16177, 29206, 40050, 5276, 19764, 8638, 29031, 10354, 44165, 19974, 40067, 7118, 22265, 40311, 26486, 40348, 26029, 46414, 30198, 12913, 15012, 33723, 20098, 18992, 29060, 49249, 5662, 40757, 38885, 47635, 36216, 40235, 24491, 34547, 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28498, 48757, 30629, 9247, 34191]\n",
    "\n",
    "iteration_count = 0\n",
    "symmetric = True\n",
    "center = len(lst) // 2; # int division (//) is used to avoid fractions for odd len(lst)\n",
    "for i in range(center):\n",
    "    if lst[i] != lst[len(lst) - i - 1]:\n",
    "        symmetric = False\n",
    "    iteration_count = iteration_count + 1\n",
    "\n",
    "print(\"Number of iterations:\", iteration_count)\n",
    "\n",
    "if symmetric:\n",
    "    print(\"The list is symmetric\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"The list is NOT symmetric\")\n",
    "\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] A palindrome is a sequence of characters which reads the same forward or backward.\n",
    "# Complete the function `is_palindrome` to test if the input string `word` is a palindrome\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def is_palindrome(word):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Test if word is a palindrome.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Input:\n",
    "    word: string to be tested\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Returns:\n",
    "    palindrome: Boolean variable containing True if word is a palindrome, False otherwise \n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "# Test cases\n",
    "w = \"madam\"\n",
    "#w = \"sir\"\n",
    "\n",
    "if (is_palindrome(w)):\n",
    "    print(w, \"is a palindrome\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(w, \"is NOT a palindrome\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### User input"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# In a previous task, you completed a program to validate a user input is divisible by 3 and inside either the range [-75 -25] or the range [50 75]\n",
    "#\n",
    "# Write a program to print out all of the possible valid numbers\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Write a program to prompt the user for an input outside the ranges [-50, 0] and [100, 200].\n",
    "# If the user input is invalid, the program prompt the user again for a valid input.\n",
    "# The range limits (-50, 0, 100, 200) are not valid inputs\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 3</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Nested loop\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Tables\n",
    "\n",
    "In this task, you will manipulate the same table you saw before:\n",
    "\n",
    "| \n",
    "|---|---|---|\n",
    "| 5 | 2 | 6 |\n",
    "| 4 | 6 | 0 |\n",
    "| 9 | 1 | 8 |\n",
    "| 7 | 3 | 8 |"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Write a program to display the transpose of `table`.\n",
    "# In other words, display the rows as columns and the columns as rows\n",
    "# the first row across will be: 5   4   9   7\n",
    "\n",
    "table = [[5, 2, 6], [4, 6, 0], [9, 1, 8], [7, 3, 8]]\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Write a program to display the sum of each column in `table`\n",
    "\n",
    "table = [[5, 2, 6], [4, 6, 0], [9, 1, 8], [7, 3, 8]]\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Write a program to display the numbers in `table` as a single row (i.e. 1D list)\n",
    "# output: 5 2 6 4 6 0 9 1 8 7 3 8\n",
    "\n",
    "table = [[5, 2, 6], [4, 6, 0], [9, 1, 8], [7, 3, 8]]\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Write a program to count the number of odd numbers in `table`\n",
    "\n",
    "table = [[5, 2, 6], [4, 6, 0], [9, 1, 8], [7, 3, 8]]\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Character art"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Complete the function `generate_diamond` so it displays a diamond using \"*\". The diamond should be of variable `size`.\n",
    "# *NOTE*: The `size` should be odd, otherwise you should subtract 1 and continue\n",
    "# For size = 11, the star should look like:\n",
    "#     *     \n",
    "#    * *    \n",
    "#   *   *   \n",
    "#  *     *  \n",
    "# *       * \n",
    "#*         *\n",
    "# *       * \n",
    "#  *     *  \n",
    "#   *   *   \n",
    "#    * *    \n",
    "#     * \n",
    "        \n",
    "def generate_diamond(size):\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "\n",
    "# Display diamond        \n",
    "generate_diamond(11)\n",
    "    \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 4</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Containment `in`, `not in`"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### User input"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Write a program to prompt the user for an input from a predefined numerical list `valid_nums`\n",
    "# If the user input is invalid, the program prompts the user again for a valid input.\n",
    "\n",
    "valid_nums = [1, 2, 8, 16, 32, 64]\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Employee records"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] The `records` list contains information about some company's employees\n",
    "# each of the elements in `records` is a list containing the name and ID of an employee.\n",
    "# Write a program that prompts the user for a name and return the ID of the employee if a record is found\n",
    "\n",
    "records = [['Colette', 22347], ['Skye', 35803], ['Alton', 45825], ['Jin', 24213]]\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Vowel counter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Complete the `vowel_counter` function below so it returns the number of vowels (a, e, i, o, u) in `sentence`\n",
    "\n",
    "def vowel_counter(sentence):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Count the number of vowels (AEIOU) in sentence.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        sentence: string containing vowels to be counted\n",
    "    \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        Number of vowels in sentence\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 5</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Identity `is`, `is not`\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Complete the function `equal_or_identical` to test and print if the variables `x` and `y` are equal or identical\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "def equal_or_identical(x, y):\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    #TODO: test x and y for identity and equality\n",
    "        \n",
    "# Test cases\n",
    "# equal & identical\n",
    "i1 = [5, 3]\n",
    "i2 = i1\n",
    "print(\"i1, i2\")\n",
    "equal_or_identical(i1, i2)\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "# equal but NOT identical\n",
    "e1 = [1, 2]\n",
    "e2 = [1, 2]\n",
    "print(\"e1, e2\")\n",
    "equal_or_identical(e1, e2)\n",
    "\n",
    "print()\n",
    "# NOT equal or identical\n",
    "v1 = [1, 2]\n",
    "v2 = [5, 3]\n",
    "print(\"v1, v2\")\n",
    "equal_or_identical(v1, v2)\n",
    "\n",
    "# Output should look like:\n",
    "#i1, i2\n",
    "#Variables are identical and equal\n",
    "\n",
    "#e1, e2\n",
    "#Variables are equal but NOT identical\n",
    "\n",
    "#v1, v2\n",
    "#Variables are neither identical nor equal\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 6</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Operator precedence\n",
    "\n",
    "There are many solutions to each of the following problems"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Correct the following expression so the answer is `True`\n",
    "x = 5\n",
    "\n",
    "(10 < x < -10) == True\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Correct the following expression so the answer is `False`\n",
    "\n",
    "x = 5\n",
    "y = -23\n",
    "\n",
    "x > y or x + y > 0 == True\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Correct the following expression so the answer is `True`\n",
    "\n",
    "2 ** 4 - 3 % 2 == 0 \n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Task 7</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Output formatting\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Temperature conversion tables"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Use old-style formatting and the function `Fahrenheit2Celsius` below, to generate the following temperature conversion table\n",
    "# The Fahrenheit temperature goes from 0 to 130 with an increment of 1 degrees Fahrenheit\n",
    "\n",
    "#  0 (F) | -17.78 (C)\n",
    "#  1 (F) | -17.22 (C)\n",
    "#  2 (F) | -16.67 (C)\n",
    "#  3 (F) | -16.11 (C)\n",
    "#  4 (F) | -15.56 (C)\n",
    "#  5 (F) | -15.00 (C)\n",
    "#  6 (F) | -14.44 (C)\n",
    "#    .        .\n",
    "#    .        .\n",
    "#    .        .    \n",
    "#126 (F) | +52.22 (C)\n",
    "#127 (F) | +52.78 (C)\n",
    "#128 (F) | +53.33 (C)\n",
    "#129 (F) | +53.89 (C)\n",
    "#130 (F) | +54.44 (C)\n",
    "\n",
    "def Fahrenheit2Celsius(f):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Convert f Fahrenheit to its Celsius equivalent\"\"\"\n",
    "    return (f - 32) * 5 / 9\n",
    "\n",
    "#TODO: print conversion table\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] Use Python-style, .format(), formatting and the function `Celsius2Fahrenheit` below, to generate the following temperature conversion table\n",
    "# The Celsius temperature goes from 0 to 100 with an increment of 0.5 degrees\n",
    "\n",
    "#  0.0 (C) |  32.00 (F)\n",
    "#  0.5 (C) |  32.90 (F)\n",
    "#  1.0 (C) |  33.80 (F)\n",
    "#  1.5 (C) |  34.70 (F)\n",
    "#  2.0 (C) |  35.60 (F)\n",
    "#  2.5 (C) |  36.50 (F)\n",
    "#  3.0 (C) |  37.40 (F)\n",
    "#  3.5 (C) |  38.30 (F)\n",
    "#  4.0 (C) |  39.20 (F)\n",
    "#   .           .          <- don't print the dots, fill in the entire table\n",
    "#   .           .\n",
    "#   .           .\n",
    "# 97.5 (C) | 207.50 (F)\n",
    "# 98.0 (C) | 208.40 (F)\n",
    "# 98.5 (C) | 209.30 (F)\n",
    "# 99.0 (C) | 210.20 (F)\n",
    "# 99.5 (C) | 211.10 (F)\n",
    "#100.0 (C) | 212.00 (F)\n",
    "\n",
    "def Celsius2Fahrenheit(c):\n",
    "    \"\"\"Convert c Celsius to its Fahrenheit equivalent\"\"\"\n",
    "    return c * 9 / 5 + 32\n",
    "\n",
    "#TODO: print conversion table\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Grocery receipt"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] The `items` list contains information about a purchase transaction at a grocery store.\n",
    "# Each item in the list is another list containing:\n",
    "#    1) Item description\n",
    "#    2) Price per item\n",
    "#    3) Quantity purchased\n",
    "\n",
    "# Write a program to generate a receipt similar to the one below:\n",
    "# 1) The first line should contain the current date and time (HINT: use `datetime` and `strftime`)\n",
    "# 2) Second line should be a dashed line\n",
    "# 3) Each of the items will be displayed on 2 lines:\n",
    "#     I) First line contains: item number, description, total item price (based on the quantity)\n",
    "#    II) Second line contains: quantity purchased, followed by price per item\n",
    "# 4) Line before last should be a dashed line\n",
    "# 5) Last line should contain the word TOTAL followed by the receipt total, that you should calculate\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "#Sun December 12, 2017 @ 04:56 P \n",
    "#--------------------------------\n",
    "#\n",
    "#1 - APPLES 1LB          $ 3.98\n",
    "#    2.0 @ $ 1.99\n",
    "#2 - OLIVE OIL           $10.99\n",
    "#    1.0 @ $10.99\n",
    "#3 - TOMATOS 1LB         $ 3.35\n",
    "#    2.6 @ $ 1.29\n",
    "#4 - MILK 1/2G           $ 3.45\n",
    "#    1.0 @ $ 3.45\n",
    "#5 - FLOUR 5LB           $ 2.99\n",
    "#    1.0 @ $ 2.99\n",
    "#6 - BELL PEPPERS 1LB    $ 3.78\n",
    "#    2.8 @ $ 1.35\n",
    "#7 - WHITE TUNA          $ 1.69\n",
    "#    1.0 @ $ 1.69\n",
    "#8 - CHEESE 1/2LB        $ 9.98\n",
    "#    2.0 @ $ 4.99\n",
    "#--------------------------------\n",
    "#                 TOTAL $ 40.21\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "items = [[\"APPLES 1LB\", 1.99, 2], [\"OLIVE OIL\", 10.99, 1], [\"TOMATOS 1LB\", 1.29, 2.6], [\"MILK 1/2G\", 3.45, 1], [\"FLOUR 5LB\", 2.99, 1], [\"BELL PEPPERS 1LB\", 1.35, 2.8], [\"WHITE TUNA\", 1.69, 1], [\"CHEESE 1/2LB\", 4.99, 2]]\n",
    "\n",
    "#TODO\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "---\n",
    "<font size=\"6\" color=\"#B24C00\"  face=\"verdana\"> <B>Module 2 Project</B></font>\n",
    "\n",
    "## Tic Tac Toe!"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# [ ] This project is an implementation a Tic Tac Toe game. \n",
    "# The logic of the game is in the `main` function, read it before writing any code.\n",
    "\n",
    "# Use the description and examples under each of the following functions to implement them:\n",
    "# 1) draw(board)\n",
    "# 2) available(location, board)\n",
    "# 3) mark(player, location, board)\n",
    "# 4) check_win(board)\n",
    "# 5) check_tie(board)\n",
    "\n",
    "from IPython.display import clear_output #to clear the output (specific to Jupyter notebooks and ipython)\n",
    "from random import randint\n",
    "\n",
    "def draw(board):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Draw the `board` table.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    The board reflects the current state of the game, a number indicates an available location.\n",
    "      \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        board: 3x3 table (list of lists) containing the current state of the game\n",
    "        \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        None\n",
    "        \n",
    "    examples:\n",
    "        At the beginning of the game: board = [['7', '8', '9'], ['4', '5', '6'], ['1', '2', '3']]\n",
    "        The printout should look like:\n",
    "\n",
    "         7 | 8 | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | 5 | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | 3 \n",
    "\n",
    "         After a few marks: board = [['7', '8', 'X'], ['O', 'O', '6'], ['1', 'X', '3']]\n",
    "         The printout should look like:\n",
    "         7 | 8 | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | O | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | X | 3 \n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "def available(location, board):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Check the availability of a `location` on the current `board`\n",
    "    \n",
    "    An available location on the board contains a number between 1 and 9 stored as a string.\n",
    "    If the location contains 'X' or 'O', the location is not available and the function should return False;\n",
    "    otherwise, the function should return True indicating the location is available\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        location: a number between 1 and 9 stored as a string\n",
    "        board: 3x3 table (list of lists) containing the current state of the game\n",
    "    \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        True if the location is available. False if the location is not available\n",
    "        \n",
    "    examples:\n",
    "        At the beginning of the game: board = [['7', '8', '9'], ['4', '5', '6'], ['1', '2', '3']]\n",
    "        The printout should look like:\n",
    "\n",
    "         7 | 8 | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | 5 | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | 3 \n",
    "         \n",
    "         available(\"1\", board) --> returns True\n",
    "         available(\"9\", board) --> returns True\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "         After a few marks: board = [['7', '8', 'X'], ['O', 'O', '6'], ['1', 'X', '3']]\n",
    "         The printout should look like:\n",
    "         7 | 8 | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | O | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | X | 3 \n",
    "        \n",
    "         available(\"1\", board) --> returns True, because there is a number\n",
    "         available(\"5\", board) --> returns False, because there is 'O'\n",
    "         available(\"9\", board) --> returns False, because there is 'X'\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "    \n",
    "\n",
    "def mark(player, location, board):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Mark `location` on the `board` with the `player` symbol.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Should replace the `location` number on the board with `X` or `O`\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        player: player's symbol, either 'X' or 'O'\n",
    "        location: a number between 1 and 9 stored as a string\n",
    "        board: 3x3 table (list of lists) containing the current state of the game\n",
    "    \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        None\n",
    "        \n",
    "    examples:\n",
    "        At the beginning of the game: board = [['7', '8', '9'], ['4', '5', '6'], ['1', '2', '3']]\n",
    "        The printout should look like:\n",
    "\n",
    "         7 | 8 | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | 5 | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | 3 \n",
    "         \n",
    "         After mark('O', '4', board)\n",
    "         The printout should look like:\n",
    "         7 | 8 | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | 5 | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | 3 \n",
    "        \n",
    "         After mark('X', '3', board)\n",
    "         The printout should look like:\n",
    "         7 | 8 | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | 5 | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | X \n",
    "         \n",
    "         After mark('O', '9', board)\n",
    "         The printout should look like:\n",
    "         7 | 8 | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | 5 | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | X \n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "        \n",
    "def check_win(board):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Check if there is a winner.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    A win happens if the either of the players was able to place 3 symbols ('X' or 'O') in:\n",
    "    a horizontal, vertical, diagonal, or anti-diagonal placement.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        board: 3x3 table (list of lists) containing the current state of the game\n",
    "        \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        True if there is a winner. False if there is no winner yet\n",
    "        \n",
    "    examples:\n",
    "        Horizontal win:\n",
    "        ================\n",
    "\n",
    "         7 | O | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | X | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | O | 3 \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'X' won\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "         O | O | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | X | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | 3 \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'O' won\n",
    "    \n",
    "    \n",
    "        Vertical win:\n",
    "        ================\n",
    "\n",
    "         7 | 8 | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | O | X \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'X' won\n",
    "         \n",
    "\n",
    "         X | O | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | O | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | X \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'O' won\n",
    "        \n",
    "        \n",
    "        Diagonal win:\n",
    "        ================\n",
    "\n",
    "         X | 8 | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | X | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | O | X \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'X' won\n",
    "         \n",
    "\n",
    "         O | X | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         1 | 2 | O \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'O' won\n",
    "        \n",
    "        \n",
    "        Anti-Diagonal win:\n",
    "        ================\n",
    "\n",
    "         O | 8 | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | X | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | O \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'X' won\n",
    "         \n",
    "\n",
    "         7 | 8 | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | O | X \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns True, because 'O' won\n",
    "        \n",
    "        \n",
    "        No winners yet:\n",
    "        ================\n",
    "\n",
    "         O | 8 | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         4 | X | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | O \n",
    "        check_win(board) --> returns False\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "def check_tie(board):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Check the game for a tie, no available locations and no winners.\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        board: 3x3 table (list of lists) containing the current state of the game\n",
    "        \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        True if there is a tie. False the board is not full yet or there is a winner\n",
    "        \n",
    "    examples:\n",
    "\n",
    "         O | O | X \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | X | O \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         O | O | X \n",
    "         \n",
    "        check_tie(board) --> returns True\n",
    "         \n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "         O | O | 9 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | X | 6 \n",
    "        -----------\n",
    "         X | O | 3 \n",
    "         \n",
    "        check_tie(board) --> returns False, because there are still available location\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    #TODO\n",
    "    pass\n",
    "\n",
    "def dashes():\n",
    "    \"\"\"Print a fancy line of dashes\"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"o\" + 35 *'-' + \"o\")\n",
    "    \n",
    "def display(message):\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    Print `message` in the center of a 35 characters string\n",
    "    \n",
    "    args:\n",
    "        message: string to display\n",
    "    \n",
    "    returns:\n",
    "        None\n",
    "    \"\"\"\n",
    "    print(\"|{:^35s}|\".format(message))\n",
    "    \n",
    "def main():\n",
    "    # initializing game\n",
    "    board = [['7', '8', '9'], ['4', '5', '6'], ['1', '2', '3']]\n",
    "    # select the first player randomly\n",
    "    player = ['X', 'O']\n",
    "    turn = randint(0, 1)\n",
    "\n",
    "    win = False\n",
    "    tie = False\n",
    "    while(not win and not tie):\n",
    "        # switch players\n",
    "        turn = (turn + 1) % 2\n",
    "        current_player = player[turn] # contains 'X' or 'O'\n",
    "\n",
    "        clear_output()\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # display header\n",
    "        dashes()\n",
    "        display(\"TIC TAC TOE\")\n",
    "        dashes()\n",
    "\n",
    "        # display game board\n",
    "        print()\n",
    "        draw(board)\n",
    "        print()\n",
    "\n",
    "        # display footer\n",
    "        dashes()\n",
    "        # player select a location to mark\n",
    "        while True:\n",
    "            location = input(\"|{:s} Turn, select a number (1, 9): \".format(current_player))\n",
    "            if available(location, board):\n",
    "                break # Only the user input loop, main loop does NOT break\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                print(\"Selection not available!\")\n",
    "        dashes()\n",
    "\n",
    "        # mark selected location with player symbol ('X' or 'O')\n",
    "        mark(current_player, location, board)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # check for win\n",
    "        win = check_win(board)\n",
    "        \n",
    "        # check for tie\n",
    "        tie = check_tie(board)\n",
    "        \n",
    "\n",
    "    # Display game over message after a win or a tie\n",
    "    clear_output()\n",
    "    \n",
    "    # display header\n",
    "    dashes()\n",
    "    display(\"TIC TAC TOE\")\n",
    "    dashes()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # display game board (Necessary to draw the latest selection)\n",
    "    print()\n",
    "    draw(board)\n",
    "    print()\n",
    "\n",
    "    # display footer\n",
    "    dashes()\n",
    "    display(\"Game Over!\")\n",
    "    if(tie):\n",
    "        display(\"Tie!\")\n",
    "    elif(win):\n",
    "        display(\"Winner:\")\n",
    "        display(current_player)\n",
    "    dashes()\n",
    "  \n",
    "\n",
    "# Run the game\n",
    "main()\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  }
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