diff --git a/src/go/parser/parser_test.go b/src/go/parser/parser_test.go
index 43b3416b27d7f6..eea743c2b5b261 100644
--- a/src/go/parser/parser_test.go
+++ b/src/go/parser/parser_test.go
@@ -800,3 +800,24 @@ func TestGoVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIssue57490(t *testing.T) {
+	src := `package p; func f() { var x struct` // program not correctly terminated
+	fset := token.NewFileSet()
+	file, err := ParseFile(fset, "", src, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("syntax error expected, but no error reported")
+	}
+
+	// Because of the syntax error, the end position of the function declaration
+	// is past the end of the file's position range.
+	funcEnd := file.Decls[0].End()
+
+	// Offset(funcEnd) must not panic (to test panic, set debug=true in token package)
+	// (panic: offset 35 out of bounds [0, 34] (position 36 out of bounds [1, 35]))
+	tokFile := fset.File(file.Pos())
+	offset := tokFile.Offset(funcEnd)
+	if offset != tokFile.Size() {
+		t.Fatalf("offset = %d, want %d", offset, tokFile.Size())
+	}
+}
diff --git a/src/go/token/position.go b/src/go/token/position.go
index 0b2ace0b69c658..25fa9454537ac0 100644
--- a/src/go/token/position.go
+++ b/src/go/token/position.go
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 )
 
+// If debug is set, invalid offset and position values cause a panic
+// (go.dev/issue/57490).
+const debug = false
+
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Positions
 
@@ -261,24 +265,54 @@ func (f *File) AddLineColumnInfo(offset int, filename string, line, column int)
 	f.mutex.Unlock()
 }
 
-// Pos returns the Pos value for the given file offset;
-// the offset must be <= f.Size().
+// fixOffset fixes an out-of-bounds offset such that 0 <= offset <= f.size.
+func (f *File) fixOffset(offset int) int {
+	switch {
+	case offset < 0:
+		if !debug {
+			return 0
+		}
+	case offset > f.size:
+		if !debug {
+			return f.size
+		}
+	default:
+		return offset
+	}
+
+	// only generate this code if needed
+	if debug {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("offset %d out of bounds [%d, %d] (position %d out of bounds [%d, %d])",
+			0 /* for symmetry */, offset, f.size,
+			f.base+offset, f.base, f.base+f.size))
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+// Pos returns the Pos value for the given file offset.
+//
+// If offset is negative, the result is the file's start
+// position; if the offset is too large, the result is
+// the file's end position (see also go.dev/issue/57490).
+//
+// The following invariant, though not true for Pos values
+// in general, holds for the result p:
 // f.Pos(f.Offset(p)) == p.
 func (f *File) Pos(offset int) Pos {
-	if offset > f.size {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid file offset %d (should be <= %d)", offset, f.size))
-	}
-	return Pos(f.base + offset)
+	return Pos(f.base + f.fixOffset(offset))
 }
 
-// Offset returns the offset for the given file position p;
-// p must be a valid [Pos] value in that file.
-// f.Offset(f.Pos(offset)) == offset.
+// Offset returns the offset for the given file position p.
+//
+// If p is before the file's start position (or if p is NoPos),
+// the result is 0; if p is past the file's end position, the
+// the result is the file size (see also go.dev/issue/57490).
+//
+// The following invariant, though not true for offset values
+// in general, holds for the result offset:
+// f.Offset(f.Pos(offset)) == offset
 func (f *File) Offset(p Pos) int {
-	if int(p) < f.base || int(p) > f.base+f.size {
-		panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid Pos value %d (should be in [%d, %d])", p, f.base, f.base+f.size))
-	}
-	return int(p) - f.base
+	return f.fixOffset(int(p) - f.base)
 }
 
 // Line returns the line number for the given file position p;
@@ -330,27 +364,26 @@ func (f *File) unpack(offset int, adjusted bool) (filename string, line, column
 }
 
 func (f *File) position(p Pos, adjusted bool) (pos Position) {
-	offset := int(p) - f.base
+	offset := f.fixOffset(int(p) - f.base)
 	pos.Offset = offset
 	pos.Filename, pos.Line, pos.Column = f.unpack(offset, adjusted)
 	return
 }
 
 // PositionFor returns the Position value for the given file position p.
+// If p is out of bounds, it is adjusted to match the File.Offset behavior.
 // If adjusted is set, the position may be adjusted by position-altering
 // //line comments; otherwise those comments are ignored.
 // p must be a Pos value in f or NoPos.
 func (f *File) PositionFor(p Pos, adjusted bool) (pos Position) {
 	if p != NoPos {
-		if int(p) < f.base || int(p) > f.base+f.size {
-			panic(fmt.Sprintf("invalid Pos value %d (should be in [%d, %d])", p, f.base, f.base+f.size))
-		}
 		pos = f.position(p, adjusted)
 	}
 	return
 }
 
 // Position returns the Position value for the given file position p.
+// If p is out of bounds, it is adjusted to match the File.Offset behavior.
 // Calling f.Position(p) is equivalent to calling f.PositionFor(p, true).
 func (f *File) Position(p Pos) (pos Position) {
 	return f.PositionFor(p, true)
diff --git a/src/go/token/position_test.go b/src/go/token/position_test.go
index 19774a97ba2c00..685bf61380000b 100644
--- a/src/go/token/position_test.go
+++ b/src/go/token/position_test.go
@@ -478,3 +478,62 @@ func TestFileAddLineColumnInfo(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestIssue57490(t *testing.T) {
+	// If debug is set, this test is expected to panic.
+	if debug {
+		defer func() {
+			if recover() == nil {
+				t.Errorf("got no panic")
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+
+	const fsize = 5
+	fset := NewFileSet()
+	base := fset.Base()
+	f := fset.AddFile("f", base, fsize)
+
+	// out-of-bounds positions must not lead to a panic when calling f.Offset
+	if got := f.Offset(NoPos); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("offset = %d, want %d", got, 0)
+	}
+	if got := f.Offset(Pos(-1)); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("offset = %d, want %d", got, 0)
+	}
+	if got := f.Offset(Pos(base + fsize + 1)); got != fsize {
+		t.Errorf("offset = %d, want %d", got, fsize)
+	}
+
+	// out-of-bounds offsets must not lead to a panic when calling f.Pos
+	if got := f.Pos(-1); got != Pos(base) {
+		t.Errorf("pos = %d, want %d", got, base)
+	}
+	if got := f.Pos(fsize + 1); got != Pos(base+fsize) {
+		t.Errorf("pos = %d, want %d", got, base+fsize)
+	}
+
+	// out-of-bounds Pos values must not lead to a panic when calling f.Position
+	want := fmt.Sprintf("%s:1:1", f.Name())
+	if got := f.Position(Pos(-1)).String(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("position = %s, want %s", got, want)
+	}
+	want = fmt.Sprintf("%s:1:%d", f.Name(), fsize+1)
+	if got := f.Position(Pos(fsize + 1)).String(); got != want {
+		t.Errorf("position = %s, want %s", got, want)
+	}
+
+	// check invariants
+	const xsize = fsize + 5
+	for offset := -xsize; offset < xsize; offset++ {
+		want1 := f.Offset(Pos(f.base + offset))
+		if got := f.Offset(f.Pos(offset)); got != want1 {
+			t.Errorf("offset = %d, want %d", got, want1)
+		}
+
+		want2 := f.Pos(offset)
+		if got := f.Pos(f.Offset(want2)); got != want2 {
+			t.Errorf("pos = %d, want %d", got, want2)
+		}
+	}
+}