8. open source in entreprises.html

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# LINGI 2401 : Open Source strategy for software development

Lionel Dricot
lionel.dricot@uclouvain.be
lionel@ploum.net

@ploum - @ploum@mamot.fr

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#A word about the exam
- Dress for the job you want, not the job you have
- A new, complex usecase to study and to talk about
- You can have access to any ressource you want

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#Elevator pitch
- For users
- For investors
- For anybody you want to convince


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#What are the pros and cons of using Open Source in entreprises?

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#Usecases
?

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#Usecases
1. Using open source software at work for non-product tasks
2. Using open source software in your product
3. Open sourcing an internal product
4. Open sourcing a released proprietary product
5. Developing an open source product

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#1. Recommending an open source software

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#Rule 1
Nobody will be fired for recommending Microsoft

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#Corolary
If you recommend a solution, you will be held responsible for every problem happening with that solution.

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And you will have a natural tendancy to be emotionnaly attached to the solution

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#Two questions:
- Why should we use this tool?
- How should I convince the other?

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#Why?
- Cost/benefits analysis
- Is ideology important?
- Long term advantages

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Be transparent with yourself and others about ideology or even about your own preferences. Acknowoledge wheter your choice is rational or unrational.

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#Consequences of Open Source?
- Fear of contamination
- Support
- Adaptability

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#Change management
- Every change has a cost

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#Example: Firefox vs Chrome

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And what if we are replacing an existing Chrome installation with Firefox?

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#How to convince other?
- Pitch to management
- Experiment (sometimes hidden)
- Recruit proponents

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Don't ask for permission, ask for forgiveness.
Don't present it as a global project but enlarge it gradually

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#2. Using open source software in your product


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#Clarify legal implications
- Contamination
- Publication (BSD style)

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#Convincing 
Same as before: Why, How

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Convincing should start with yourself. Be ready to hear new arguments and change your opinion.

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#Maintaining a private branch vs Contributing

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#Private branch
- quick and dirty code
- boss doesn't fear seeing the code "stolen"
- your usecase might be so personal that it doesn't make sense upstreaming it
- you can link with some propriatary code
- be aware of the legal problems when redistributing your product
- maintainance nightmare.
- No, really. It will become your worst nightmare.

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Yes, it is really that bad. Example of using LibreOffice to convert documents. 

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#Upstreaming
- More upfront work
- Nearly no maintainance 
- Good community karma
- If your usecase is so specific, it worths investigating why.
- Need to be well clarified when distributing the product.
- More upfront work, really.

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Community Karma is also very good to influence the open source project future.


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#Best case
- Hiring a contributor of the project
- Paying an employee to become an active contributor
- Very good community karma


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#Saying thanks
- Donating to the project
- Becoming a sponsor of the project
- Hosting events related to the project

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#3. Open sourcing an internal product
- When it's not your core business


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#Advantages
- External contributions
- Potential collaboration, even with direct competitors
- Good community karma

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#Disadvantages
- Maintaining a community is hard
- And time consuming 
- Probably need to introduce stuff like dual-licensing if you want to keep control


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External scrutiny is an asset for security. Don't forget the "security by obscurity" paradigm

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#Open sourcing is hard
- Every line of code has to be legally owned by one entity
- Every stakeholder needs to agree
- Huge incompilable project with in-house spaghetti manuals cannot be released as a huge block

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Open sourcing a big proprietary app is usually a huge project in itself.

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#The Bus Factor

"How many people should be hit by a bus to ruin your project?"

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_factor

In most proprietary company, building the project is a full time job in itself with specific tools, specific hardware and only a few people knowing how to do it.  

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#4. Open sourcing a released proprietary product
- Usually, it requires finding a new business model

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Let's be honest, most open sourcing happen when the business has no more money.

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#Netscape 
- 94-98 : business license and support
- 98 : Windows ships with IE 5 (First browsers war)

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background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/netscape.jpg)

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#Netscape 
- 94-98 : business license and support
- 98 : Windows ships with IE 5 (First browsers war)
- 98 : Netscape is freed and Mozilla is created (owned by AOL, who bought Netscape)
- 02 : Experimental Phoenix fork

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background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/phoenix.png)


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#Netscape 
- 94-98 : business license and support
- 98 : Windows ships with IE 5 (First browsers war)
- 98 : Netscape is freed and Mozilla is created (owned by AOL, who bought Netscape)
- 02 : Experimental Phoenix fork
- 03 : name changed to Firebird, Mozilla foundation created and Mozilla suite deprecated
- 04 : name changed to Firefox and 1.0 release
- 08 : Google Chrome is released (Second browsers war)
- 17 : Firefox Quantum released. Focus on privacy (against Google Chrome)

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#StarOffice
- 85 : Proprietary Star Writer

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background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/starwriter.png)


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#StarOffice
- 85 : Proprietary Star Writer
- 98 : StarOffice becomes freeware
- 99 : Stardivision bought by Sun (because cheaper than buying MS Office license for the company)
- 00 : Free version of StarOffice : OpenOffice.org (dual licensing, two projects co-existing)
- 10 : Sun bought by Oracle. OpenOffice.org becomes Oracle Open Office
- january 11 : Developers left and create LibreOffice (The Document Foundation)
- june 11 : Oracle donates OpenOffice.org source code to the Apache foundation


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#5. Developing an open source product


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#You don't have a good idea

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https://ploum.net/votre-idee-ne-vaut-rien/

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background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/idea.jpg)


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#Minimum Viable Product

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Test your idea. Even only on paper. Try to sell it. Even to yourself!

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#Build your pitch

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#Business Model Canvas

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background-image: url(https://github.com/ploum/lingi2401/raw/master/images/Business_Model_Canvas.png)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_Model_Canvas


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# Discussion time


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