diff --git a/.changeset/beige-roses-cross.md b/.changeset/beige-roses-cross.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..395abbb1909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/beige-roses-cross.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@firebase/data-connect': patch
+---
+
+- Throw error when calling `executeQuery` with mutations
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/packages/data-connect/src/core/QueryManager.ts b/packages/data-connect/src/core/QueryManager.ts
index c82e0fee903..8b7c59aea85 100644
--- a/packages/data-connect/src/core/QueryManager.ts
+++ b/packages/data-connect/src/core/QueryManager.ts
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ import { DataConnectTransport } from '../network';
 import { encoderImpl } from '../util/encoder';
 import { setIfNotExists } from '../util/map';
 
-import { DataConnectError } from './error';
+import { Code, DataConnectError } from './error';
 
 interface TrackedQuery<Data, Variables> {
   ref: Omit<OperationRef<Data, Variables>, 'dataConnect'>;
@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ export class QueryManager {
   executeQuery<Data, Variables>(
     queryRef: QueryRef<Data, Variables>
   ): QueryPromise<Data, Variables> {
+    if (queryRef.refType !== QUERY_STR) {
+      throw new DataConnectError(
+        Code.INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+        `ExecuteQuery can only execute query operation`
+      );
+    }
     const key = encoderImpl({
       name: queryRef.name,
       variables: queryRef.variables,
diff --git a/packages/data-connect/test/unit/QueryManager.test.ts b/packages/data-connect/test/unit/QueryManager.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9acc948d57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/data-connect/test/unit/QueryManager.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/**
+ * @license
+ * Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { deleteApp, FirebaseApp, initializeApp } from '@firebase/app';
+import { expect } from 'chai';
+import * as chai from 'chai';
+import chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised';
+
+import {
+  DataConnect,
+  executeQuery,
+  getDataConnect,
+  mutationRef,
+  queryRef
+} from '../../src';
+import { Code, DataConnectError } from '../../src/core/error';
+chai.use(chaiAsPromised);
+
+describe('Query Manager Tests', () => {
+  let dc: DataConnect;
+  let app: FirebaseApp;
+  const APPID = 'MYAPPID';
+  const APPNAME = 'MYAPPNAME';
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    app = initializeApp({ projectId: 'p', appId: APPID }, APPNAME);
+    dc = getDataConnect(app, {
+      connector: 'c',
+      location: 'l',
+      service: 's'
+    });
+  });
+  afterEach(async () => {
+    await dc._delete();
+    await deleteApp(app);
+  });
+
+  it('should refuse to make requests to execute non-query operations', async () => {
+    const query = queryRef<string>(dc, 'q');
+    const mutation = mutationRef<string>(dc, 'm');
+
+    const error = new DataConnectError(
+      Code.INVALID_ARGUMENT,
+      `ExecuteQuery can only execute query operation`
+    );
+
+    // @ts-ignore
+    expect(() => executeQuery(mutation)).to.throw(error.message);
+    expect(() => executeQuery(query)).to.not.throw(error.message);
+  });
+});