diff --git a/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage-evaluate.js b/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage-evaluate.js
index 6986efdb78..bacb1c9c7c 100644
--- a/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage-evaluate.js
+++ b/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage-evaluate.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import standards from '../../standards';
 import { idrefs } from '../../commons/dom';
 import { tokenList } from '../../core/utils';
-
+import { isVisible } from '../../commons/dom';
 /**
  * Check if `aria-errormessage` references an element that also uses a technique to announce the message (aria-live, aria-describedby, etc.).
  *
@@ -55,6 +55,13 @@ function ariaErrormessageEvaluate(node, options, virtualNode) {
     }
 
     if (idref) {
+      if (!isVisible(idref, true)) {
+        this.data({
+          messageKey: 'hidden',
+          values: tokenList(attr)
+        });
+        return false;
+      }
       return (
         idref.getAttribute('role') === 'alert' ||
         idref.getAttribute('aria-live') === 'assertive' ||
@@ -62,6 +69,7 @@ function ariaErrormessageEvaluate(node, options, virtualNode) {
         tokenList(virtualNode.attr('aria-describedby')).indexOf(attr) > -1
       );
     }
+
     return;
   }
 
diff --git a/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage.json b/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage.json
index ce672a591c..84901729af 100644
--- a/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage.json
+++ b/lib/checks/aria/aria-errormessage.json
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
       "pass": "aria-errormessage exists and references elements visible to screen readers that use a supported aria-errormessage technique",
       "fail": {
         "singular": "aria-errormessage value `${data.values}` must use a technique to announce the message (e.g., aria-live, aria-describedby, role=alert, etc.)",
-        "plural": "aria-errormessage values `${data.values}` must use a technique to announce the message (e.g., aria-live, aria-describedby, role=alert, etc.)"
+        "plural": "aria-errormessage values `${data.values}` must use a technique to announce the message (e.g., aria-live, aria-describedby, role=alert, etc.)",
+        "hidden": "aria-errormessage value `${data.values}` cannot reference a hidden element"
       },
       "incomplete": {
         "singular": "ensure aria-errormessage value `${data.values}` references an existing element",
diff --git a/test/checks/aria/errormessage.js b/test/checks/aria/errormessage.js
index 1fc42bcb92..e54f44ffed 100644
--- a/test/checks/aria/errormessage.js
+++ b/test/checks/aria/errormessage.js
@@ -144,6 +144,94 @@ describe('aria-errormessage', function() {
     );
   });
 
+  it('should return false when hidden attribute is used', function() {
+    var vNode = queryFixture(
+      '<input type="text" id="target" aria-invalid="true" aria-errormessage="id-message-1">' +
+        '<div id="id-message-1" hidden>Error message 1</div>'
+    );
+    assert.isFalse(
+      axe.testUtils
+        .getCheckEvaluate('aria-errormessage')
+        .call(checkContext, null, null, vNode)
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(checkContext._data, {
+      messageKey: 'hidden',
+      values: ['id-message-1']
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when display: "none" is used', function() {
+    var vNode = queryFixture(
+      '<input type="text" id="target" aria-invalid="true" aria-errormessage="id-message-1">' +
+        '<div id="id-message-1" style="display: none">Error message 1</div>'
+    );
+    assert.isFalse(
+      axe.testUtils
+        .getCheckEvaluate('aria-errormessage')
+        .call(checkContext, null, null, vNode)
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(checkContext._data, {
+      messageKey: 'hidden',
+      values: ['id-message-1']
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when visibility: "hidden" is used', function() {
+    var vNode = queryFixture(
+      '<input type="text" id="target" aria-invalid="true" aria-errormessage="id-message-1">' +
+        '<div id="id-message-1" style="visibility: hidden">Error message 1</div>'
+    );
+    assert.isFalse(
+      axe.testUtils
+        .getCheckEvaluate('aria-errormessage')
+        .call(checkContext, null, null, vNode)
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(checkContext._data, {
+      messageKey: 'hidden',
+      values: ['id-message-1']
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should return false when aria-hidden=true is used', function() {
+    var vNode = queryFixture(
+      '<input type="text" id="target" aria-invalid="true" aria-errormessage="id-message-1">' +
+        '<div id="id-message-1" aria-hidden="true">Error message 1</div>'
+    );
+    assert.isFalse(
+      axe.testUtils
+        .getCheckEvaluate('aria-errormessage')
+        .call(checkContext, null, null, vNode)
+    );
+    assert.deepEqual(checkContext._data, {
+      messageKey: 'hidden',
+      values: ['id-message-1']
+    });
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when aria-hidden=false is used', function() {
+    var vNode = queryFixture(
+      '<input type="text" id="target" aria-invalid="true" aria-errormessage="id-message-1">' +
+        '<div id="id-message-1" aria-live="assertive" aria-hidden="false">Error message 1</div>'
+    );
+    assert.isTrue(
+      axe.testUtils
+        .getCheckEvaluate('aria-errormessage')
+        .call(checkContext, null, null, vNode)
+    );
+  });
+
+  it('should return true when no hidden functionality is used', function() {
+    var vNode = queryFixture(
+      '<input type="text" id="target" aria-invalid="true" aria-errormessage="id-message-1">' +
+        '<div id="id-message-1" aria-live="assertive">Error message 1</div>'
+    );
+    assert.isTrue(
+      axe.testUtils
+        .getCheckEvaluate('aria-errormessage')
+        .call(checkContext, null, null, vNode)
+    );
+  });
+
   (shadowSupported ? it : xit)(
     'should return undefined if aria-errormessage value crosses shadow boundary',
     function() {
diff --git a/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.html b/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.html
index 52448862ff..e34c9d38dc 100644
--- a/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.html
+++ b/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.html
@@ -51,6 +51,46 @@ <h2>Violations</h2>
   <div aria-posinset="-22" id="violation42">hi</div>
 
   <div aria-setsize="-22" id="violation43">hi</div>
+
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="violation44"
+      aria-invalid="true"
+      aria-errormessage="violation44-ref"
+    />
+    <div id="violation44-ref" hidden>Error message 1</div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="violation45"
+      aria-invalid="true"
+      aria-errormessage="violation45-ref"
+    />
+    <div id="violation45-ref" style="display: none">Error message 1</div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="violation46"
+      aria-invalid="true"
+      aria-errormessage="violation46-ref"
+    />
+    <div id="violation46-ref" style="visibility: hidden">Error message 1</div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="violation47"
+      aria-invalid="true"
+      aria-errormessage="violation47-ref"
+    />
+    <div id="violation47-ref" aria-hidden="true">Error message 1</div>
+  </div>
 </div>
 <h2>Possible False Positives</h2>
 <div>
@@ -276,6 +316,35 @@ <h2>Possible False Positives</h2>
   <div aria-errormessage="invalidId" id="pass185">hi</div>
   <div aria-errormessage="invalidId" aria-invalid="false" id="pass186">hi</div>
 
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="pass187"
+      aria-invalid="true"
+      aria-errormessage="pass68"
+    />
+  </div>
+
+  <div aria-live="assertive" aria-hidden="false" id="pass188">hi</div>
+
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="pass189"
+      aria-invalid="true"
+      aria-errormessage="pass188"
+    />
+  </div>
+
+  <div>
+    <input
+      type="text"
+      id="pass190"
+      aria-invalid="false"
+      aria-errormessage="violation44-ref"
+    />
+  </div>
+
   <div id="ref">Hi</div>
   <div id="ref2">Hi2</div>
 
diff --git a/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.json b/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.json
index 6abcb9708b..e6e23e5ec4 100644
--- a/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.json
+++ b/test/integration/rules/aria-valid-attr-value/aria-valid-attr-value.json
@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@
     ["#violation40"],
     ["#violation41"],
     ["#violation42"],
-    ["#violation43"]
+    ["#violation43"],
+    ["#violation44"],
+    ["#violation45"],
+    ["#violation46"],
+    ["#violation47"]
   ],
   "passes": [
     ["#pass1"],
@@ -220,7 +224,11 @@
     ["#pass183"],
     ["#pass184"],
     ["#pass185"],
-    ["#pass186"]
+    ["#pass186"],
+    ["#pass187"],
+    ["#pass188"],
+    ["#pass189"],
+    ["#pass190"]
   ],
   "incomplete": [
     ["#incomplete1"],