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<p>title: 设计模式之模版方法<br>date: 2016-12-30 01:36:06</p>
<h2 id="tags"><a href="#tags" class="headerlink" title="tags:"></a>tags:</h2><h5 id="定义："><a href="#定义：" class="headerlink" title="定义："></a>定义：</h5><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div><div class="line">31</div><div class="line">32</div><div class="line">33</div><div class="line">34</div><div class="line">35</div><div class="line">36</div><div class="line">37</div><div class="line">38</div><div class="line">39</div><div class="line">40</div><div class="line">41</div><div class="line">42</div><div class="line">43</div><div class="line">44</div><div class="line">45</div><div class="line">46</div><div class="line">47</div><div class="line">48</div><div class="line">49</div><div class="line">50</div><div class="line">51</div><div class="line">52</div><div class="line">53</div><div class="line">54</div><div class="line">55</div><div class="line">56</div><div class="line">57</div><div class="line">58</div><div class="line">59</div><div class="line">60</div><div class="line">61</div><div class="line">62</div><div class="line">63</div><div class="line">64</div><div class="line">65</div><div class="line">66</div><div class="line">67</div><div class="line">68</div><div class="line">69</div><div class="line">70</div><div class="line">71</div><div class="line">72</div><div class="line">73</div><div class="line">74</div><div class="line">75</div><div class="line">76</div><div class="line">77</div><div class="line">78</div><div class="line">79</div><div class="line">80</div><div class="line">81</div><div class="line">82</div><div class="line">83</div><div class="line">84</div><div class="line">85</div><div class="line">86</div><div class="line">87</div><div class="line">88</div><div class="line">89</div><div class="line">90</div><div class="line">91</div><div class="line">92</div><div class="line">93</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">模板方法模式：在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架，而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。 </div><div class="line">模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下，重新定义算法中的某些步骤。</div><div class="line">~~~ </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">##### demo： </div><div class="line">在很多订单系统中，订单操作的流程大致步骤都是相同的。 </div><div class="line"> 1. 构建上下文 </div><div class="line"> 2. 校验 </div><div class="line"> 3. 创建订单 </div><div class="line"> 4. 入库 </div><div class="line"> 但是一些具体的逻辑和需求是不一定的。比如创建订单和修改项目。 </div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">``` java</div><div class="line">抽象类：AbstractOrderOperationTemplate</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public abstract class AbstractOrderOperationTemplate<Context extends OrderContext>{</div><div class="line"> protected ApplicationContext applicationContext;</div><div class="line"> //校验</div><div class="line"> protected List<OrderValidator> orderValidators;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> /**</div><div class="line"> * 操作流程</div><div class="line"> */</div><div class="line"> public final void operate(Context context) throws OrderException {</div><div class="line"> buildContext(context); //构建</div><div class="line"> validate(context); //校验</div><div class="line"> process(context); //下单</div><div class="line"> store(context); //入库</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> //构建上下文</div><div class="line"> protected abstract void buildContext(Context context);</div><div class="line"> //校验逻辑</div><div class="line"> protected void validate(Context context) throws OrderException {</div><div class="line"> if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(orderValidators)) {</div><div class="line"> for (OrderValidator validator : orderValidators) {</div><div class="line"> validator.validate(context);</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> //下单流程</div><div class="line"> protected abstract void process(Context context) throws OrderException;</div><div class="line"> //入库</div><div class="line"> protected abstract void store(Context context);</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">下单：OrderCreateTemplate</div><div class="line">public class OrderCreateTemplate extends AbstractOrderOperationTemplate<OrderCreateContext> {</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void buildContext(OrderCreateContext context) {</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> //code list do something</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void process(OrderCreateContext context) {</div><div class="line"> //code list do something</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void store(OrderCreateContext context) {</div><div class="line"> //code list do something</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line">修改订单：OrderChangeTemplate</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">public class OrderChangeTemplate</div><div class="line"> extends AbstractOrderOperationTemplate<OrderChangeExamItemContext> {</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void buildContext(OrderCreateContext context) {</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> //code list do something</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void process(OrderCreateContext context) {</div><div class="line"> //code list do something</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> @Override</div><div class="line"> protected void store(OrderCreateContext context) {</div><div class="line"> //code list do something</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"> </div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">``` </div><div class="line">上面将创建订单和修改订单的整体流程定义在抽象类AbstractOrderOperationTemplate中，其中operate方法为final,然后validate方法提供了默认实,而其他三个方法均为abstract，需要在ordercreate和orderchange类中自己实现。 </div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">##### 总结</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>“模版方法”定义了算法的步骤。 </li>
<li>模版方法是一种代码复用的重要技巧。</li>
<li>模版方法可以定义具体，抽象方法。其中抽象方法由子类实现。</li>
<li>最好将算法骨架方法改为final。<br>~~~<br>//todo 模版方法的钩子以及与策略模式的比较，特殊的工厂方法。</li>
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