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  • Name: Multi-platform support for builders and buildpack packages
  • Start Date: 2023-09-14
  • Author(s): @jjbustamante
  • Status: Approved
  • RFC Pull Request: rfcs#295
  • CNB Pull Request: (leave blank)
  • CNB Issue: N/A
  • Supersedes: (put "N/A" unless this replaces an existing RFC, then link to that RFC)

Summary

The problem for adding support for multi-platform buildpacks can be divided into three parts:

  1. Support buildpack authors to migrate their existing buildpacks to support multiple operating systems, architectures, variants and distros.
  2. Support buildpack authors to create new buildpacks and builders that handle multi-arch from the beginning.
  3. Support application developers to create application images using multi-arch buildpacks and builders.

The purpose of this RFC is to solve the statement 2, adding the capability to the commands:

  • pack buildpack package
  • pack builder create

to create individuals OCI images artifacts per each os and arch (builders and buildpack packages) and handle the creation for the image index, that combines them into one single consumable tag for end-users.

Definitions

  • Buildpack: A buildpack is a set of executables that inspects your app source code and creates a plan to build and run your application.
  • Builder: A builder is an image that contains all the components necessary to execute a build. A builder image is created by taking a build image and adding a lifecycle, buildpacks, and files that configure aspects of the build including the buildpack detection order and the location(s) of the run image
  • Image Manifest: The image manifest provides a configuration and set of layers for a single container image for a specific architecture and operating system. See spec
  • Image Index: The image index is a higher-level manifest which points to specific image manifests, ideal for one or more platforms. See spec
  • Buildpack root folder: is the top-most directory where a buildpack.toml can be found
  • Platform root folder: Based on our new folder structure, the platform root folder is the top-most directory that identifies a target in buildpack root folder For example:
    • given a target linux/amd64 the platform root folder will be <buildpack root folder>/linux/amd64
    • given a target windows/amd64:windows@10.0.20348.1970 the platform root folder will be <buildpack root folder>/windows/amd64/windows@10.0.20348.1970

Motivation

  • Why should we do this?

The uses of ARM architecture in the cloud and edge computing has been growing rapidly. The CNCF community has been also growing in the last years, and there is a need to support multi-arch for all the projects. The buildpacks community is not an exception, issues like:

Or the conversations around this topic in our slack channel, even the talk at Kubecon NA 2022 demonstrate the interest from the community in this feature.

  • What use cases does it support?

Currently, buildpack authors can build and package their buildpacks for different OS and Architectures, but when they distribute them the URI for a buildpack can’t disambiguate, they need to use different tags to differentiate between them. Tools like docker buildx imagetools create helps to create an image index to combine them but increasing their build pipelines complexity. For example, take a look at this recent blog post or the instructions created from @dmikusa to build an ARM64 builder.

For those buildpack authors that are using cross-compile languages like go or rust or maybe bash scripts, adding the capability to pack buildpack package and pack builder create to create multi-arch images and also handle the creation of an image index will simplify their CI/CD pipelines and make the experience more suitable.

  • What is the expected outcome?

pack buildpack package and pack builder create commands will be updated in a way that they will handle the creation of multi-arch OCI images

What it is

The end-users for this proposal are Buildpack authors, we expect to improve their user experience when creating multi-architecture buildpacks and builders as follows

Multi-arch example

Let's suppose a Buildpack author has a buildpack.toml updated to include targets as follows:

# Buildpack API version
api = "0.12"

# Buildpack ID and metadata
[buildpack]
  id = "examples/my-multiarch-buildpack"
  version = "0.0.1"

# List of targets operating systems, architectures and versions

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "arm64"

[[targets]]
os = "windows"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets.distros]]
name = "windows"
version = "10.0.20348.1970"

# Stacks (deprecated) the buildpack will work with
[[stacks]]
id = "*"

And organizes the binaries according to their os/arch with a structure similar to this one:

my-multiarch-buildpack
.
├── buildpack.toml
├── linux
│ ├── amd64
│ │ └── bin
│ │     ├── build
│ │     └── detect
│ └── arm64
│     └── bin
│         ├── build
│         └── detect
└── windows
    └── amd64
        └── windows@10.0.20348.1970
            └── bin
                ├── build.bat
                └── detect.bat

Now pack will be able to package them separately for each os/arch family.

Following our guide we will need to create a package.toml let's suppose it looks like this:

[buildpack]
uri = "examples/my-multiarch-buildpack"
# OR a .tgz with the previous folder structure
uri = "my-multiarch-buildpack.tgz"

In this case we remove the platform section because it will be taken from the buildpack.toml.

Packaging a multi-arch buildpack will require the output to be publish to a registry or saved on disk in OCI layout format.

pack buildpack package my-buildpack --config ./package.toml --publish
# Or
pack buildpack package my-buildpack.cnb --config ./package.toml --format file

Important pack will determine a multi-arch buildpack package is being created because there are more than one target defined.

Each target entry corresponds to a different buildpack image that is exported into an image index

Package a multi-arch Builder

In case of packing a Builder, we assume the following premises:

  1. Buildpack authors updated their builder.toml to include the new targets fields defined in this RFC.
  2. Multi-architecture build, run images and buildpacks are available for baking into the Builder.

A sample builder.toml file looks like:

# Buildpacks to include in builder, these buildpacks MUST be multi-arch and point to Image Index
[[buildpacks]]
uri = "<some uri>"

[run]
# Runtime images - in case of multi-arch images it must point to Image Index
[[run.images]]
image = "index.docker.io/paketobuildpacks/run-jammy-tiny:latest"

[build]
# This image is used at build-time, in case of multi-arch images it must point to Image Index
image = "docker.io/paketobuildpacks/build-jammy-tiny:0.2.3"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "arm64"

# Stack (deprecated) 
[stack]
id = "io.buildpacks.stacks.jammy.tiny"
# This image is used at build-time
build-image = "docker.io/paketobuildpacks/build-jammy-tiny:0.2.3"
# This image is used at runtime
run-image = "index.docker.io/paketobuildpacks/run-jammy-tiny:latest"

As we can see, the proposal is based on the assumption that the run-image, build-image and buildpacks to include in the builder are multi-arch artifacts, and we can reach them by reading an image index

Packaging a multi-arch builder will require the output to be publish to a registry.

pack builder create my-jammy-builder --config ./builder.toml --publish

Important Similar to the buildpack package, pack will determine a multi-arch builder must be created based on the multiple targets defined.

In this case pack will follow the builder creation process for each provided target, pulling the correct (based on os/arch) buildpacks, build and run images and creating different builders images that are exported and combined into an image index

How it Works

Buildpack Package

As a quick summary, our current process to create a buildpack package involves:

  • The end-users defined os for the OCI image using the package.toml.
  • The only values allowed are linux and windows and by default when is not present, linux is being used.
  • When exporting to daemon, the docker.OSType must be equal to platform.os
  • When building a single buildpack package, package.toml is optional

To keep compatibility

We propose:

  • Deprecate the platform.os field from package.toml. It will be removed after two pack releases with the new feature
  • When platform.os is present in package.toml, throw a warning messages indicating the field will be removed and --target flag must be used
  • When platform.os is not present in package.toml and --target flag is not used, throw a warning messages indicating a new --target flag is available and how to use it, or some helpful information on how to add targets to the buildpack.toml
  • Keep doing our current process to package a buildpack

To improve user experience

We propose:

  • Add a new --target flag using the format [os][/arch][/variant]:[name@version] to build for a particular target, once the platform.os field is removed, this will be the way for end-users to specify the platform for which they want to create single OCI artifact.

  • Add targets section to buildpack.toml to help Buildpack Authors to include support for new platforms without having to update their pack buildpack package command in their CI/CD pipelines

  • A new folder structure to organize the buildpacks binaries for multi-platform images, similar to this one:

# Option 1 - no variant is required
.
├── buildpack.toml                 // mandatory
└── {os}                           // optional
    └── {arch}                     // optional (becomes the platform root folder)
        └── bin
            ├── build              // platform dependent binary (mandatory)
            └── detect             // platform dependent binary (mandatory)

# Option 2 - variant is required
.
├── buildpack.toml                  // mandatory
└── {os}                            // optional
    └── {arch}                      // optional
        └── {variant}               // optional
            ├── {name@version-1}    // optional  (becomes the platform root folder)
            │   └── bin
            │       ├── build       // platform dependent binary (mandatory)
            │       └── detect      // platform dependent binary (mandatory)
            └── {name@version-2}    // optional (becomes the platform root folder)
                └── bin
                    ├── build       // platform dependent binary (mandatory)
                    └── detect      // platform dependent binary (mandatory)
  • buildpack.toml file MUST be present in the buildpack root folder
  • For each platform, Buildpack Authors are responsible for copying or creating symlink or hard link for files into each platform root folder

Note For cross-compile buildpacks like Paketo, it looks easy to add a step to their Makefile to compile and separate the binaries following this structure. It is important to mention that the final buildpack image will not change, this will only change the buildpack structure from pack perspective

In case this folder structure is not suitable for Buildpack Authors, we propose a new path attribute to be included in the targets section of the buildpack.toml, to specify where the buildpack root directory is located in the filesystem.

Based on the RFC-0096 the new buildpack.toml schema will look like this:

[[targets]]
os = "<operating system>"
arch = "<system architecture>"
variant = "<architecture variant>"
# optional
path = "<path to look for the binaries if the folder structure convention is not followed>" 

[[targets.distros]]
name = "<distribution ID>"
version = "<distribution version>"
  • When more than 1 target is defined
    • When --publish is specified
      • For each target an OCI image will be created, following these rules
        • pack will determine the platform root folder, this is the specific root folder for a given target (based on the targets.path in the buildpack.toml or inferring it from a folder structure similar to the one show above)
        • pack will execute the current process to create a buildpack package using the platform root folder and the target values
      • If more than 1 OCI image was created, an image index will be created to combine them
    • When --format file is specified AND <file-name> is the expected name for the .cnb file
      • For each target an OCI layout file will be created, following these rules
        • pack will determine the platform root folder, this is the specific root folder for a given target (based on the targets.path in the buildpack.toml or inferring it from a folder structure similar to the one show above)
        • pack will execute the current process to create a buildpack package (.cnb file) using the platform root folder and the target values
        • pack will saved on disk the .cnb file with a name <file-name>-[os][-arch][-variant]-[name@version].cnb
    • When --daemon is specified
      • pack can keep using docker.OSType to determine the target os and probably can do some validations it the os is valid target

Examples

Let's use some examples to explain the expected behavior in different use cases

How to determine the platform root folder

Let's suppose the Buildpack Author creates a multi-platform folder structure and wants to create multiple buildpack packages

.
├── buildpack.toml   
└── linux
   ├── amd64
   │   └── bin
   │      ├── build
   │      ├── detect
   │      └── foo
   └── arm64
       ├── foo
       └── bin
          ├── build
          ├── detect
          └── bar
  • When linux/amd64 the platform root folder determined is <buildpack root folder>/linux/amd64, and the expected folder structure in the OCI image for each buildpack package will be:
.
└── cnb
    └── buildpacks
        └── {ID}
            └── {version}
                ├── bin
                │    ├── build
                │    ├── detect
                │    └── foo         // specific platform binary
                └── buildpack.toml

On the other hand, When target is linux/arm64, the platform root folder determined is <buildpack root folder>/linux/arm64 and the output OCI image folder structure looks like:

.
└── cnb
    └── buildpacks
        └── {ID}
            └── {version}
                ├── bin
                │    ├── bar        // specific platform binary
                │    ├── build
                │    └── detect
                ├── buildpack.toml
                └── foo

Buildpacks authors do not use targets or the new folder structure

This seems to be the case for Paketo Buildpacks or Heroku, and it represents how pack will work for most the users when new behavior is implemented

A simplified version of Buildpack Authors folder structures is:

├── bin
│ ├── build
│ └── detect
├── buildpack.toml
└── package.toml

In these cases: We expect pack to keep doing what is doing today, but with the warning messages we mentioned above to let end users know things are changing.

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish 
Warning: A new '--target' flag is available to set the platform for the buildpack package, using 'linux' as default
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

# Or
pack buildpack package  <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --format file 
Warning: A new '--target' flag is available to set the platform for the buildpack package, using 'linux' as default
Successfully created package <buildpack> and saved to file

Output: pack will create a buildpack package image (as it is doing it today) with the provided binaries and a configuration with the following target platform:

{
  "architecture": "",
  "os": "linux"
}

After checking the warning messages, some end users must feel curious, and the try to use the new --target flag.

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish --target linux/arm64
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

# Or
pack buildpack package  <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --format file --target linux/arm64
Successfully created package <buildpack> and saved to file

Output: In these cases, pack will create buildpack a package image with the provided binaries and a configuration with the following target platform:

{
  "architecture": "arm64",
  "os": "linux"
}

Important Pack will assume the binaries are appropriate for the given target platform, what the flag is doing is expose a mechanism to update the metadata present in the OCI config file

what about creating a multi-platform image for several targets?

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish --target linux/arm64 --target linux/amd64
A multi-platform buildpack package will be created for: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

# Or
pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --format file --target linux/arm64 --target linux/amd64
A multi-arch buildpack package will be created for target platforms: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
Successfully created package <buildpack> and saved to file

Output: two OCI images, with the same binaries, will be created and pushed into the registry, for each image the configuration file will be created with the correct os and architecture and an image index will be created to combine them using the <buildpack> name provided. The content of the image index will be similar to:

{
  "manifests": [
    {
      "digest": "sha256:b492494d8e0113c4ad3fe4528a4b5ff89faa5331f7d52c5c138196f69ce176a6",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "amd64",
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "size": 424
    },
    {
      "digest": "sha256:2589fe6bcf90466564741ae0d8309d1323f33b6ec8a5d401a62d0b256bcc3c37",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "arm64",
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "size": 424
    }
  ],
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
  "schemaVersion": 2
}

Buildpacks authors do not use targets AND platform.os is present at package.toml

Let's suppose the package.toml has the following:

[buildpack]
uri = "<A URL or path to an archive, or a path to a directory>"

[platform]
os = "linux"

These cases are similar to the previous one, but the warning message will be changed.

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish 
Warning: 'platform.os' field in package.toml will be deprecated, use new '--target' flag or `targets` field in buildpack.toml to set the platform.
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

# Or
pack buildpack package  <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --format file 
Warning: 'platform.os' field in package.toml will be deprecated, use new '--target' flag or `targets` field in buildpack.toml to set the platform.
Successfully created package <buildpack> and saved to file

Output: The OCI Image configuration file will have:

{
  "architecture": "",
  "os": "linux"
}

Trying to use --target flag with platform.os field at the same time should throw an error, in this way, the end-user will need to update their package.toml

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish  --target linux/arm64
# Or
pack buildpack package  <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --format file  --target linux/arm64

Error: 'platform.os' and '--target' flag can not be used in conjunction, please remove 'platform.os' from package.toml, use new '--target' flag 
       or `targets` field in buildpack.toml to set the platform

Buildpacks authors use targets

Important pack considers the use of targets as an acknowledgement of expecting a multi-arch images as output. Also, we expect platform.os do not be present in buildpack.toml

We can divide the problem in two main scenarios: Buildpack authors use or not use the new folder structure.

New folder structure is not use

Let's start with the first one, which is the natural path for Buildpack Authors that are using bash buildpacks. Let's suppose a buildpack folder structure like:

├── bin
│ ├── build
│ └── detect
└── buildpack.toml

And a buildpack.toml with targets defined as:

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "arm64"

# Stacks (deprecated) the buildpack will work with
[[stacks]]
id = "*"
pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish 
A multi-arch buildpack package will be created for target platforms: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

# Or
pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --format file 
A multi-arch buildpack package will be created for target platforms: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
Successfully created package <buildpack> and saved to file

Output: In this case, two OCI images will be created and pushed into the registry, for each image the configuration file will be created with the correct os and architecture and an image index will be created to combine them, with a content similar to:

{
  "manifests": [
    {
      "digest": "sha256:b492494d8e0113c4ad3fe4528a4b5ff89faa5331f7d52c5c138196f69ce176a6",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "amd64",
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "size": 424
    },
    {
      "digest": "sha256:2589fe6bcf90466564741ae0d8309d1323f33b6ec8a5d401a62d0b256bcc3c37",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "arm",
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "size": 424
    }
  ],
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
  "schemaVersion": 2
}

On the other hand, when end-users use the new --target flag, they can create a single OCI artifact

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish --target linux/arm64
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

Output: The OCI Image configuration file will have:

{
  "architecture": "amd64",
  "os": "linux"
}

In case of targeting the daemon, pack will match daemon os/arch with the targets os/arch, for example when running on a linux/arm64 machine.

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml 
Successfully created package <buildpack> and saved to docker daemon

Output: pack will create a buildpack package image with the provided binaries and a configuration with the following target platform:

{
  "architecture": "arm64",
  "os": "linux"
}

But, if we execute the same command on a windows/amd64 machine, the buildpack.toml doesn't contain any target that matches the daemon os/arch, an error must be thrown

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml 
Error: daemon platform 'windows/amd64' does not match target platforms: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
New folder structure is use

Finally, let's check some examples for the second scenario, when Buildpack Authors want to take advantage of the new multi-architecture capabilities, let's use our original folder structure:

.
├── buildpack.toml
├── linux
│ ├── amd64
│ │ └── bin
│ │     ├── build
│ │     └── detect
│ └── arm64
│     └── bin
│         ├── build
│         └── detect
└── windows
    └── amd64
        └── windows@10.0.20348.1970
            └── bin
                ├── build.bat
                └── detect.bat

And a buildpack.toml with the following targets defined:

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "arm64"

[[targets]]
os = "windows"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets.distros]]
name = "windows"
version = "10.0.20348.1970"

# Stacks (deprecated) the buildpack will work with
[[stacks]]
id = "*"

When Buildpack Authors want to create a multi-arch images, they can execute the following command:

pack buildpack package <buildpack> --config ./package.toml --publish
Info: A multi-platform buildpack package will be created for targets: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64', 'windows/amd64'
Successfully published package <buildpack> and saved to registry

A fully multi-arch buildpack will be created automatically, because we have more than one target defined in the buildpack.toml

Output: In this case, three OCI images will be created and pushed into the registry, for each image the configuration file will be created with the correct target: os and architecture, an image index will be created to combine them, with a content similar to:

{
  "manifests": [
    {
      "digest": "sha256:b492494d8e0113c4ad3fe4528a4b5ff89faa5331f7d52c5c138196f69ce176a6",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "amd64",
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "size": 424
    },
    {
      "digest": "sha256:2589fe6bcf90466564741ae0d8309d1323f33b6ec8a5d401a62d0b256bcc3c37",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "arm",
        "os": "linux"
      },
      "size": 424
    },
    {
      "digest": "sha256:ed1a67bb47f3c35d782293229127ac1f8d64873a131186c49fe079dada0fa7e0",
      "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.manifest.v1+json",
      "platform": {
        "architecture": "amd64",
        "os": "windows",
        "os.version": "10.0.20348.1970"
      },
      "size": 424
    }
  ],
  "mediaType": "application/vnd.oci.image.index.v1+json",
  "schemaVersion": 2
}

If the Buildpack Author wants to create a single buildpack package they will use the target flag, similar to our previous examples.

Composite Buildpack Package

When packaging a composite buildpack we need a package.toml to declare the dependencies, this could be improved and there is an issue for it but today the package.toml is mandatory on pack. Also, it's important to remember that we can't use targets in the buildpack.toml when we also need to declare an order so this open the question:

Where do we define targets for composite buildpacks? The natural answer will be package.toml, as it already defines the dependencies, it seems very straight forward to include this section for this particular case. The new schema will look like:

[buildpack]
uri = "<A URL or path to an archive, or a path to a directory. If path is relative, it must be relative to the package.toml>" 

[[targets]]
os = "<operating system>"
arch = "<system architecture>"
variant = "<architecture variant>"

[[targets.distros]]
name = "<distribution ID>"
version = "<distribution version>"

[[dependencies]]
uri = "<A URL or path to an archive, a packaged buildpack (saved as a .cnb file), or a directory. If path is relative, it must be relative to the package.toml>"

# Deprecated
[platform]
os = "<The operating system type that the buildpackage will run on. Only linux or windows is supported. If omitted, linux will be the default.>"

This information will help pack to determine a multi-arch composite buildpack is expected, but there is another problem to solve, currently, the dependencies can be located in several places:

  • OCI Registry
  • Local file in the filesystem (.cnb) file
  • Local folder in the filesystem
  • A .tar.gz file in a remote S3 bucket accessible through HTTPS

How will pack find the correct artifact for each target?

For the OCI registry case, we'd expect Buildpack Authors to release multi-arch single buildpacks behind an image index and pulling these dependencies will be a natural process, this will be the only valid locator in the dependencies.uri in cases where a multi-arch composite buildpack is expected to be built.

Builder

Similar to how we did it for the buildpack package, lets summaries, our current process to create a Builder:

  • We read the builder.toml and fetch the build.image, currently we didn't specify the platform, daemon os/arch is being used.
  • We create a base builder from the build.image.
  • We read the os and architecture from the base builder
    • Fetch the run.image, matching the os/arch with the values from the base builder
    • Fetch the lifecycle image that matches the platform (Note: lifecycle is already publish behind an image index)
    • We add Buildpacks and Extensions to the base builder trying to match the base builder os/arch, in case the architecture doesn't match, we fall back to match the base builder os
  • More logic and finally the Builder image is created

To keep compatibility

We propose:

  • When stacks is present in builder.toml, throw a warning message indicating the field is deprecated and it will be removed
  • When targets is not present in builder.toml, throw a warning messages indicating a new --target flag is available
  • Keep doing our current process to create a builder

To improve user experience

We propose:

  • Add targets section to the builder.toml schema, this will keep consistency for end-users to understand how to define multi-architecture. Adding more than one target to the builder.toml will be considered by pack as an acknowledgement of the desire to generate Builders with multiple platform targets.

The new schema will be similar to:

# Buildpacks to include in builder, 
# MUST point to an Image Index that matches targets
[[buildpacks]]
uri = "<some uri>"

[run]
# Runtime images 
# MUST point to an Image Index that matches targets
[[run.images]]
image = "<run image reference>"

[build]
# This image is used at build-time
# MUST point to an Image Index that matches targets
image = "<build image reference>"

# Target platforms to support with the Builder
[[targets]]
os = "<operating system>"
arch = "<system architecture>"
variant = "<architecture variant>"
[[targets.distros]]
name = "<distribution ID>"
version = "<distribution version>"
  • Add a new --target optional flag with format [os][/arch][/variant]:[name@version] to create a builder for a particular target, this will help end-users to specify the platform for which they want to create single OCI artifact.

Examples

Let's use some examples to explain the expected behavior in different use cases

Targets are not present in builder.toml

This is probably the case for most of the Buildpack Authors, for example Paketo, lets suppose abuildpack.toml like:

# Buildpacks to include in builder
[[buildpacks]]
uri = "<some buildpacks>"

# Order used for detection
[[order]]
[[order.group]]
id = "<some order>"
version = "<some version>"

[stack]
id = "io.buildpacks.samples.stacks.jammy"
build-image = "cnbs/sample-base-build:jammy"
run-image = "cnbs/sample-base-run:jammy"

Or we include build and run images

# Base images used to create the builder
[build]
image = "cnbs/sample-base-build:jammy"
[run]
[[run.images]]
image = "cnbs/sample-base-run:jammy"

In these cases, the expected output will be similar to:

pack builder create <builder> --config ./builder.toml 
Warning: "stack" has been deprecated, prefer "targets" instead: https://github.com/buildpacks/rfcs/blob/main/text/0096-remove-stacks-mixins.md
Warning: A new '--target' flag is available to set the target platform for the builder, using 'linux/amd64' as default
Successfully created builder image <builder>
Tip: Run pack build <image-name> --builder <builder> to use this builder

We expect the command to keep working as today, the builder image will be created but some warning messages will be printed to help end-users to check for new updates, maybe link to a migration guide?

Trying to use the new flags:

pack builder create <builder> --config ./builder.toml --target linux/arm64
Warning: "stack" has been deprecated, prefer "targets" instead: https://github.com/buildpacks/rfcs/blob/main/text/0096-remove-stacks-mixins.md
Warning: creating a builder for platform "linux/arm64" but "targets" is not defined, update your "builder.toml" to include "targets"
Successfully created builder image <builder>
Tip: Run pack build <image-name> --builder <builder> to use this builder

Output: Pulling operations will be configured to use linux/arm64 as target platform, the OCI Image configuration file will have:

{
  "architecture": "arm64",
  "os": "linux"
}

What about multi-architecture builders?

Using target flag:

pack builder create <builder> --config ./builder.toml  \ 
           --target linux/amd64 \ 
           --target linux/arm64 \ 
           --publish 
Successfully created builder image <builder>
Tip: Run pack build <image-name> --builder <builder> to use this builder

Output: two OCI images will be created and pushed into the registry, for each image the configuration file will be created with the correct target: os and architecture, an image index will be created to combine them

Targets are present in builder.toml

Let's suppose a builder.toml similar to this one:

[[buildpacks]]
id = "samples/java-maven"
version = "0.0.1"
uri = "<some uri>"

[[order]]
[[order.group]]
id = "samples/java-maven"
version = "0.0.1"

[build]
image = "cnbs/sample-base-build:jammy"
[run]
[[run.images]]
image = "cnbs/sample-base-run:jammy"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "amd64"

[[targets]]
os = "linux"
arch = "arm64"

Let's suppose we execute the command against a daemon running in a linux/amd64 machine

pack builder create <builder> --config ./builder.toml 
Info: creating a builder for target "linux/amd64" 
Successfully created builder image <builder>
Tip: Run pack build <image-name> --builder <builder> to use this builder

Output: We keep our current behavior and detect the os and architecture from the daemon. Because there is target that matches the daemon os/arch the builder is being built.

What about multi-architecture builders?

pack builder create <builder> --config ./builder.toml --publish 
Info: A multi-platform builder will be created for targets: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
Successfully created builder image <builder>
Tip: Run pack build <image-name> --builder <builder> to use this builder

Using target flag:

pack builder create <builder> --config ./builder.toml  \ 
           --target linux/amd64 \ 
           --target linux/arm64 \ 
           --publish
Info: A multi-platform builder will be created for targets: 'linux/amd64', 'linux/arm64'
Successfully created builder image <builder>
Tip: Run pack build <image-name> --builder <builder> to use this builder

Output In both cases, two OCI images will be created and pushed into the registry, for each image the configuration file will be created with the correct target platform: os and architecture, an image index will be created to combine them

Migration

  1. Align with the Stack removal plan
  2. Deprecate the platform.os field from package.toml
    • We don't want to break current behavior, but we do want community migrate to the new approach
  3. Update docs to explain the new functionality, blog posts or any other useful media communicate the message
  4. Remove platform.os support on pack

Drawbacks

  • New complexity will be added into pack

Alternatives

  • Do nothing, Buildpack Authors can keep using other tools likedocker buildx imagetools create or crane to update the architecture in their Manifest files or create image indexes.
  • Do not deprecate platform.os field from package.toml and add more fields to get the same result, instead of flags
    • I didn't explore this idea

Prior Art

  • Stack Removal RFC #096
  • This RFC is a continuation of the work started with the proposal to add commands to handle manifest list in pack, see the RFC
  • Paketo RFC #288 to publish multi-arch buildpacks

Unresolved Questions

  • How would I add support for a new platform to an existing image index?
  • What are the intermediate images for each target named/called?
  • What happen if I want to exclude some buildpack for a particular target?
  • What happen if I want to include the same file or folder for every image, do I have to copy then inside the {os}-{arch} folder?
  • Initially we proposed a shared file strategy but, we decided to leave that complexity out of the scope of this RFC and can be revisited later if it required

Spec. Changes (OPTIONAL)

NA

History