[Rust] Improve primitive types

[asfimport]

Currently we simply uses Rust's native types as primitive types, and relies on macros such as this to link the Arrow data type with the native type. A better approach may be to define richer primitive types which contain both the Arrow type and the Rust native type, as well as other information such as type's bit width, precision, etc.

Reporter: Chao Sun / @sunchao
Assignee: Chao Sun / @sunchao

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #3031

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-3878. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
Issue resolved by pull request 3031
#3031