diff --git a/integration_tests/src/main/python/misc_expr_test.py b/integration_tests/src/main/python/misc_expr_test.py
index 0895d451b9d..04c39261349 100644
--- a/integration_tests/src/main/python/misc_expr_test.py
+++ b/integration_tests/src/main/python/misc_expr_test.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2020-2024, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
+# Copyright (c) 2020-2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from asserts import assert_gpu_and_cpu_are_equal_collect, assert_gpu_and_cpu_error
+from asserts import assert_gpu_and_cpu_are_equal_collect, assert_gpu_and_cpu_are_equal_sql, assert_gpu_and_cpu_error
 from data_gen import *
 from marks import incompat, approximate_float
 from pyspark.sql.types import *
@@ -33,27 +33,75 @@ def test_part_id():
                 f.col('a'),
                 f.spark_partition_id()))
 
+# Spark conf key for choosing legacy error semantics.
+legacy_semantics_key = "spark.sql.legacy.raiseErrorWithoutErrorClass"
+
+def raise_error_test_impl(test_conf):
+    use_new_error_semantics = legacy_semantics_key in test_conf and test_conf[legacy_semantics_key] == False
 
-@pytest.mark.skipif(condition=is_spark_400_or_later() or is_databricks_version_or_later(14, 3),
-                    reason="raise_error() not currently implemented for Spark 4.0, or Databricks 14.3. "
-                           "See https://github.com/NVIDIA/spark-rapids/issues/10107.")
-def test_raise_error():
     data_gen = ShortGen(nullable=False, min_val=0, max_val=20, special_cases=[])
+
+    # Test for "when" selecting the "raise_error()" expression (null-type).
     assert_gpu_and_cpu_are_equal_collect(
         lambda spark: unary_op_df(spark, data_gen, num_slices=2).select(
-            f.when(f.col('a') > 30, f.raise_error("unexpected"))))
+            f.when(f.col('a') > 30, f.raise_error("unexpected"))),
+        conf=test_conf)
+
+    # Test for if/else, with raise_error in the else.
+    # This should test if the data-type of raise_error() interferes with
+    # the result-type of the parent expression (if/else).
+    assert_gpu_and_cpu_are_equal_sql(
+        lambda spark: unary_op_df(spark, data_gen, num_slices=2),
+        'test_table',
+        """
+        SELECT IF( a < 30, a, raise_error('unexpected') )
+        FROM test_table
+        """,
+        conf=test_conf)
 
     assert_gpu_and_cpu_are_equal_collect(
-        lambda spark: spark.range(0).select(f.raise_error(f.col("id"))))
+        lambda spark: spark.range(0).select(f.raise_error(f.col("id"))),
+        conf=test_conf)
 
+    error_fragment = "org.apache.spark.SparkRuntimeException" if use_new_error_semantics \
+      else "java.lang.RuntimeException"
     assert_gpu_and_cpu_error(
         lambda spark: unary_op_df(spark, null_gen, length=2, num_slices=1).select(
                 f.raise_error(f.col('a'))).collect(),
-        conf={},
-        error_message="java.lang.RuntimeException")
+        conf=test_conf,
+        error_message=error_fragment)
 
+    error_fragment = error_fragment + (": [USER_RAISED_EXCEPTION] unexpected" if use_new_error_semantics
+      else ": unexpected")
     assert_gpu_and_cpu_error(
         lambda spark: unary_op_df(spark, short_gen, length=2, num_slices=1).select(
                 f.raise_error(f.lit("unexpected"))).collect(),
-        conf={},
-        error_message="java.lang.RuntimeException: unexpected")
+        conf=test_conf,
+        error_message=error_fragment)
+
+
+def test_raise_error_legacy_semantics():
+    """
+    Tests the "legacy" semantics of raise_error(), i.e. where the error
+    does not include an error class.
+    """
+    if is_spark_400_or_later() or is_databricks_version_or_later(14, 3):
+        # Spark 4+ and Databricks 14.3+ support RaiseError with error-classes included.
+        # Must test "legacy" mode, where error-classes are excluded.
+        raise_error_test_impl(test_conf={legacy_semantics_key: True})
+    else:
+        # Spark versions preceding 4.0, or Databricks 14.3 do not support RaiseError with
+        # error-classes.  No legacy mode need be selected.
+        raise_error_test_impl(test_conf={})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(condition=not (is_spark_400_or_later() or is_databricks_version_or_later(14, 3)),
+                    reason="RaiseError semantics with error-classes are only supported "
+                           "on Spark 4.0+ and Databricks 14.3+.")
+def test_raise_error_new_semantics():
+    """
+    Tests the "new" semantics of raise_error(), i.e. where the error
+    includes an error class.  Unsupported in Spark versions predating
+    Spark 4.0, Databricks 14.3.
+    """
+    raise_error_test_impl(test_conf={legacy_semantics_key: False})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/com/nvidia/spark/rapids/shims/RaiseErrorShim.scala b/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/com/nvidia/spark/rapids/shims/RaiseErrorShim.scala
index 2d1f011b9d9..3ad318c3441 100644
--- a/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/com/nvidia/spark/rapids/shims/RaiseErrorShim.scala
+++ b/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/com/nvidia/spark/rapids/shims/RaiseErrorShim.scala
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2024, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
+ * Copyright (c) 2024-2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -19,10 +19,24 @@
 spark-rapids-shim-json-lines ***/
 package com.nvidia.spark.rapids.shims
 
-import com.nvidia.spark.rapids.ExprRule
+import com.nvidia.spark.rapids.{ExprRule, GpuOverrides}
+import com.nvidia.spark.rapids.{ExprChecks, TypeEnum, TypeSig}
 
-import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.Expression
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Expression, RaiseError}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.rapids.shims.RaiseErrorMeta
 
 object RaiseErrorShim {
-  val exprs: Map[Class[_ <: Expression], ExprRule[_ <: Expression]] = Map.empty
+  val exprs: Map[Class[_ <: Expression], ExprRule[_ <: Expression]] = {
+    Seq(GpuOverrides.expr[RaiseError](
+      "Throw an exception",
+      ExprChecks.binaryProject(
+        TypeSig.NULL, TypeSig.NULL,
+        // In Databricks 14.3 and Spark 4.0, RaiseError forwards the lhs expression
+        // (i.e. the error-class) as a scalar value.  A vector/column here would be surprising.
+        ("errorClass", TypeSig.lit(TypeEnum.STRING), TypeSig.STRING),
+        ("errorParams", TypeSig.MAP.nested(TypeSig.STRING), TypeSig.MAP.nested(TypeSig.STRING)),
+      ),
+      (a, conf, p, r) => new RaiseErrorMeta(a, conf, p, r)
+    )).map(r => (r.getClassFor.asSubclass(classOf[Expression]), r)).toMap
+  }
 }
diff --git a/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/rapids/shims/misc.scala b/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/rapids/shims/misc.scala
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff580829ee8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sql-plugin/src/main/spark350db143/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/rapids/shims/misc.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, NVIDIA CORPORATION.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+/*** spark-rapids-shim-json-lines
+{"spark": "350db143"}
+{"spark": "400"}
+spark-rapids-shim-json-lines ***/
+package org.apache.spark.sql.rapids.shims
+
+import ai.rapids.cudf.{ColumnVector, ColumnView, Scalar}
+import com.nvidia.spark.rapids.{BinaryExprMeta, DataFromReplacementRule, GpuBinaryExpression, GpuColumnVector, GpuExpression, GpuMapUtils, GpuScalar, RapidsConf, RapidsMeta}
+import com.nvidia.spark.rapids.Arm.withResource
+
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{ExpectsInputTypes, Expression, RaiseError}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.util.{ArrayBasedMapData, MapData}
+import org.apache.spark.sql.errors.QueryExecutionErrors.raiseError
+import org.apache.spark.sql.types.{AbstractDataType, DataType, NullType, StringType}
+import org.apache.spark.unsafe.types.UTF8String
+
+/**
+ * Implements `raise_error()` for Databricks 14.3 and Spark 4.0.
+ * Note that while the arity `raise_error()` remains 1 for all user-facing APIs
+ * (SQL, Scala, Python). But internally, the implementation uses a binary expression,
+ * where the first argument indicates the "error-class" for the error being raised.
+ */
+case class GpuRaiseError(left: Expression, right: Expression, dataType: DataType)
+  extends GpuBinaryExpression with ExpectsInputTypes {
+
+  val errorClass: Expression = left
+  val errorParams: Expression = right
+
+  override def inputTypes: Seq[AbstractDataType] = Seq(StringType)
+  override def toString: String = s"raise_error($errorClass, $errorParams)"
+
+  /** Could evaluating this expression cause side-effects, such as throwing an exception? */
+  override def hasSideEffects: Boolean = true
+
+  override def doColumnar(lhs: GpuColumnVector, rhs: GpuColumnVector): ColumnVector =
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Expected errorClass (lhs) to be a String literal")
+
+  override def doColumnar(lhs: GpuColumnVector, rhs: GpuScalar): ColumnVector =
+    throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Expected errorClass (lhs) to be a String literal")
+
+  private def extractScalaUTF8String(stringScalar: Scalar): UTF8String = {
+    // This is guaranteed to be a string scalar.
+    GpuScalar.extract(stringScalar).asInstanceOf[UTF8String]
+  }
+
+  private def extractStrings(stringsColumn: ColumnView): Array[UTF8String] = {
+    val size = stringsColumn.getRowCount.asInstanceOf[Int] // Already checked if exceeds threshold.
+    val output: Array[UTF8String] = new Array[UTF8String](size)
+    for (i <- 0 until size) {
+      output(i) = withResource(stringsColumn.getScalarElement(i)) {
+        extractScalaUTF8String(_)
+      }
+    }
+    output
+  }
+
+  private def makeMapData(listOfStructs: ColumnView): MapData = {
+    val THRESHOLD: Int = 10 // Avoiding surprises with large maps.
+                            // All testing indicates a map with 1 entry.
+    val mapSize = listOfStructs.getRowCount
+
+    if (mapSize > THRESHOLD) {
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unexpectedly large error-parameter map")
+    }
+
+    val outputKeys: Array[UTF8String] =
+      withResource(GpuMapUtils.getKeysAsListView(listOfStructs)) { listOfKeys =>
+        withResource(listOfKeys.getChildColumnView(0)) { // Strings child of LIST column.
+          extractStrings(_)
+        }
+      }
+
+    val outputVals: Array[UTF8String] =
+      withResource(GpuMapUtils.getValuesAsListView(listOfStructs)) { listOfVals =>
+        withResource(listOfVals.getChildColumnView(0)) { // Strings child of LIST column.
+          extractStrings(_)
+        }
+      }
+
+    ArrayBasedMapData(outputKeys, outputVals)
+  }
+
+  override def doColumnar(lhs: GpuScalar, rhs: GpuColumnVector): ColumnVector = {
+    if (rhs.getRowCount <= 0) {
+      // For the case: when(condition, raise_error(col("a"))
+      // When `condition` selects no rows, a vector of nulls should be returned,
+      // instead of throwing.
+      return GpuColumnVector.columnVectorFromNull(0, NullType)
+    }
+
+    val lhsErrorClass = lhs.getValue.asInstanceOf[UTF8String]
+
+    val rhsMapData = withResource(rhs.getBase.slice(0,1)) { slices =>
+      val firstRhsRow = slices(0)
+      makeMapData(firstRhsRow)
+    }
+
+    throw raiseError(lhsErrorClass, rhsMapData)
+  }
+
+  override def doColumnar(numRows: Int, lhs: GpuScalar, rhs: GpuScalar): ColumnVector = {
+      if (numRows <= 0) {
+        // For the case: when(condition, raise_error(col("a"))
+        // When `condition` selects no rows, a vector of nulls should be returned,
+        // instead of throwing.
+        return GpuColumnVector.columnVectorFromNull(0, NullType)
+      }
+
+      val errorClass = lhs.getValue.asInstanceOf[UTF8String]
+      // TODO (future):  Check if the map-data needs to be extracted differently.
+      // All testing indicates that the host value of the map literal is set always pre-set.
+      // But if it isn't, then GpuScalar.getValue might extract it incorrectly.
+      // https://github.com/NVIDIA/spark-rapids/issues/11974
+      val errorParams = rhs.getValue.asInstanceOf[MapData]
+      throw raiseError(errorClass, errorParams)
+  }
+}
+
+class RaiseErrorMeta(r: RaiseError,
+                     conf: RapidsConf,
+                     parent: Option[RapidsMeta[_, _, _]],
+                     rule: DataFromReplacementRule )
+  extends BinaryExprMeta[RaiseError](r, conf, parent, rule) {
+  override def convertToGpu(lhsErrorClass: Expression, rhsErrorParams: Expression): GpuExpression
+    = GpuRaiseError(lhsErrorClass, rhsErrorParams, r.dataType)
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tools/generated_files/400/operatorsScore.csv b/tools/generated_files/400/operatorsScore.csv
index 0a099fc2233..a3b77fffb82 100644
--- a/tools/generated_files/400/operatorsScore.csv
+++ b/tools/generated_files/400/operatorsScore.csv
@@ -218,6 +218,7 @@ PythonUDAF,4
 PythonUDF,4
 Quarter,4
 RLike,4
+RaiseError,4
 Rand,4
 Rank,4
 RegExpExtract,4
diff --git a/tools/generated_files/400/supportedExprs.csv b/tools/generated_files/400/supportedExprs.csv
index 926bb4f6c36..2e8c37f7f45 100644
--- a/tools/generated_files/400/supportedExprs.csv
+++ b/tools/generated_files/400/supportedExprs.csv
@@ -461,6 +461,9 @@ Quarter,S,`quarter`,None,project,result,NA,NA,NA,S,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
 RLike,S,`regexp_like`; `regexp`; `rlike`,None,project,str,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,S,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
 RLike,S,`regexp_like`; `regexp`; `rlike`,None,project,regexp,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,PS,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
 RLike,S,`regexp_like`; `regexp`; `rlike`,None,project,result,S,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
+RaiseError,S, ,None,project,errorClass,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,PS,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
+RaiseError,S, ,None,project,errorParams,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,S,NA,NA,NA,NA
+RaiseError,S, ,None,project,result,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,S,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
 Rand,S,`rand`; `random`,None,project,seed,NA,NA,NA,S,S,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
 Rand,S,`rand`; `random`,None,project,result,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,S,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA,NA
 Rank,S,`rank`,None,window,ordering,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,PS,S,S,S,NS,NS,NS,NS,NS,NS,NS,NS