diff --git a/src/gt4py/next/common.py b/src/gt4py/next/common.py
index ed33aedc4c..a04d78516e 100644
--- a/src/gt4py/next/common.py
+++ b/src/gt4py/next/common.py
@@ -274,6 +274,10 @@ def __init__(
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self.ranges)
 
+    @property
+    def shape(self) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+        return tuple(len(r) for r in self.ranges)
+
     @overload
     def __getitem__(self, index: int) -> NamedRange:
         ...
diff --git a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/common.py b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/common.py
index 8cd2d8ce15..3670d5eac7 100644
--- a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/common.py
+++ b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/common.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ def _absolute_sub_domain(
         raise embedded_exceptions.IndexOutOfBounds(domain=domain, indices=index)
 
     for i, (dim, rng) in enumerate(domain):
-        if (pos := _find_index_of_dim(dim, index)) is not None:
+        if (pos := find_index_of_dim(dim, index)) is not None:
             named_idx = index[pos]
             idx = named_idx[1]
             if isinstance(idx, common.UnitRange):
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def _slice_range(input_range: common.UnitRange, slice_obj: slice) -> common.Unit
     return common.UnitRange(start, stop)
 
 
-def _find_index_of_dim(
+def find_index_of_dim(
     dim: common.Dimension,
     domain_slice: common.Domain | Sequence[common.NamedRange | common.NamedIndex | Any],
 ) -> Optional[int]:
@@ -132,12 +132,12 @@ def _find_index_of_dim(
     return None
 
 
-def _broadcast_domain(
+def broadcast_domain(
     field: common.Field, new_dimensions: tuple[common.Dimension, ...]
 ) -> Sequence[common.NamedRange]:
     named_ranges = []
     for dim in new_dimensions:
-        if (pos := _find_index_of_dim(dim, field.domain)) is not None:
+        if (pos := find_index_of_dim(dim, field.domain)) is not None:
             named_ranges.append((dim, field.domain[pos][1]))
         else:
             named_ranges.append(
diff --git a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/exceptions.py b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/exceptions.py
index 8f6b26e3bb..d70bb6e206 100644
--- a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/exceptions.py
+++ b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/exceptions.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ def __init__(
 
 
 class EmptyDomainIndexError(gt4py_exceptions.GT4PyError):
-    index: common.AnyIndexSpec
+    cls_name: str
 
     def __init__(self, cls_name: str):
         super().__init__(f"Error in `{cls_name}`: Cannot index `{cls_name}` with an empty domain.")
@@ -51,6 +51,9 @@ def __init__(self, cls_name: str):
 
 
 class FunctionFieldError(gt4py_exceptions.GT4PyError):
+    cls_name: str
+    msg: str
+
     def __init__(self, cls_name: str, msg: str):
         super().__init__(f"Error in `{cls_name}`: {msg}.")
         self.cls_name = cls_name
@@ -58,6 +61,9 @@ def __init__(self, cls_name: str, msg: str):
 
 
 class InfiniteRangeNdarrayError(gt4py_exceptions.GT4PyError):
+    cls_name: type
+    domain: common.Domain
+
     def __init__(self, cls_name: str, domain: common.Domain):
         super().__init__(
             f"Error in `{cls_name}`: Cannot construct an ndarray with an infinite range in domain: `{domain}`."
diff --git a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/function_field.py b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/function_field.py
index 1ba84eac46..b1cd2b040c 100644
--- a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/function_field.py
+++ b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/function_field.py
@@ -43,8 +43,6 @@ class FunctionField(common.Field[common.DimsT, core_defs.ScalarT], common.FieldB
         func (Callable): The callable function that generates field values.
         domain (common.Domain, optional): The domain over which the function is defined.
             Defaults to an empty domain.
-        _skip_invariant (bool, optional): Internal flag to skip invariant checks.
-            Defaults to False.
 
     Examples:
         Create a FunctionField and compute its ndarray:
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ class FunctionField(common.Field[common.DimsT, core_defs.ScalarT], common.FieldB
         >>> domain = common.Domain((I, common.UnitRange(0, 5)))
         >>> func = lambda i: i ** 2
         >>> field = FunctionField(func, domain)
-        >>> ndarray = field.ndarray()
+        >>> ndarray = field.ndarray
         >>> expected_ndarray = np.fromfunction(func, (5,))
         >>> np.array_equal(ndarray, expected_ndarray)
         True
@@ -64,7 +62,6 @@ class FunctionField(common.Field[common.DimsT, core_defs.ScalarT], common.FieldB
 
     func: Callable
     domain: common.Domain = common.Domain()
-    _skip_invariant: bool = False
 
     def __post_init__(self):
         if not callable(self.func):
@@ -73,18 +70,17 @@ def __post_init__(self):
                 f"Invalid first argument type: Expected a function but got {self.func}",
             )
 
-        if not self._skip_invariant:
-            if __debug__:
-                try:
-                    num_params = len(self.domain)
-                    target_shape = tuple(1 for _ in range(num_params))
-                    np.fromfunction(self.func, target_shape)
-                except Exception as e:
-                    params = _get_params(self.func)
-                    raise embedded_exceptions.FunctionFieldError(
-                        self.__class__.__name__,
-                        f"Invariant violation: len(self.domain) ({num_params}) does not match the number of parameters of the provided function ({params})",
-                    )
+        if __debug__:
+            try:
+                num_params = len(self.domain)
+                target_shape = tuple(1 for _ in range(num_params))
+                np.fromfunction(self.func, target_shape)
+            except Exception as e:
+                params = _get_params(self.func)
+                raise embedded_exceptions.FunctionFieldError(
+                    self.__class__.__name__,
+                    f"Invariant violation: len(self.domain) ({num_params}) does not match the number of parameters of the provided function ({params})",
+                )
 
     def restrict(self, index: common.AnyIndexSpec) -> FunctionField:
         new_domain = embedded_common.sub_domain(self.domain, index)
@@ -93,17 +89,12 @@ def restrict(self, index: common.AnyIndexSpec) -> FunctionField:
     __getitem__ = restrict
 
     @property
-    def ndarray(self):
-        return self.as_array()
-
-    def as_array(self, func: Optional[Callable[[core_defs.NDArrayObject], Any]] = None) -> core_defs.NDArrayObject | int | float:
+    def ndarray(self) -> core_defs.NDArrayObject | int | float:
         if not self.domain.is_finite():
             raise embedded_exceptions.InfiniteRangeNdarrayError(
                 self.__class__.__name__, self.domain
             )
-        shape = [len(rng) for rng in self.domain.ranges]
-        _ndarray = np.fromfunction(self.func, shape)
-        return _ndarray if func is None else func(_ndarray)
+        return np.fromfunction(self.func, self.domain.shape)
 
     def _handle_function_field_op(self, other: FunctionField, op: Callable) -> FunctionField:
         domain_intersection = self.domain & other.domain
@@ -112,7 +103,6 @@ def _handle_function_field_op(self, other: FunctionField, op: Callable) -> Funct
         return self.__class__(
             _compose(op, broadcasted_self, broadcasted_other),
             domain_intersection,
-            _skip_invariant=True,
         )
 
     def _handle_scalar_op(self, other: FunctionField, op: Callable) -> FunctionField:
@@ -120,7 +110,7 @@ def new_func(*args):
             return op(self.func(*args), other)
 
         return self.__class__(
-            new_func, self.domain, _skip_invariant=True
+            new_func, self.domain
         )  # skip invariant as we cannot deduce number of args
 
     @overload
@@ -140,7 +130,7 @@ def _binary_operation(self, op, other):
             return op(other, self)
 
     def _unary_op(self, op: Callable) -> FunctionField:
-        return self.__class__(_compose(op, self), self.domain, _skip_invariant=True)
+        return self.__class__(_compose(op, self), self.domain)
 
     def __add__(self, other: common.Field | core_defs.ScalarT) -> common.Field:
         return self._binary_operation(operator.add, other)
@@ -213,15 +203,15 @@ def __pos__(self) -> common.Field:
     def __neg__(self) -> common.Field:
         return self._unary_op(operator.neg)
 
-    def __invert__(self) -> common.Field:
-        return self._unary_op(operator.invert)
-
     def __abs__(self) -> common.Field:
         return self._unary_op(abs)
 
     def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> common.Field:
         return self.func(*args, **kwargs)
 
+    def __invert__(self) -> common.Field:
+        raise NotImplementedError("Method invert not implemented")
+
     def remap(self, *args, **kwargs) -> common.Field:
         raise NotImplementedError("Method remap not implemented")
 
@@ -231,12 +221,12 @@ def _compose(operation: Callable, *fields: FunctionField) -> Callable:
 
 
 def _broadcast(field: FunctionField, dims: tuple[common.Dimension, ...]) -> FunctionField:
-    def broadcasted_func(*args: int):
+    def broadcasted_func(*args: int | core_defs.NDArrayObject):
         selected_args = [args[i] for i, dim in enumerate(dims) if dim in field.domain.dims]
         return field.func(*selected_args)
 
-    named_ranges = embedded_common._broadcast_domain(field, dims)
-    return FunctionField(broadcasted_func, common.Domain(*named_ranges), _skip_invariant=True)
+    named_ranges = embedded_common.broadcast_domain(field, dims)
+    return FunctionField(broadcasted_func, common.Domain(*named_ranges))
 
 
 def _is_nd_array(other: Any) -> TypeGuard[nd._BaseNdArrayField]:
@@ -246,7 +236,7 @@ def _is_nd_array(other: Any) -> TypeGuard[nd._BaseNdArrayField]:
 def constant_field(
     value: core_defs.ScalarT, domain: common.Domain = common.Domain()
 ) -> common.Field:
-    return FunctionField(lambda *args: value, domain, _skip_invariant=True)
+    return FunctionField(lambda *args: value, domain)
 
 
 def _compose_function_field_with_builtin(builtin_name: str) -> Callable:
@@ -259,7 +249,7 @@ def _composed_function_field(field: FunctionField) -> FunctionField:
 
         builtin_func = getattr(np, builtin_name)
         new_func = lambda *args: builtin_func(field.func(*args))
-        new_field: FunctionField = FunctionField(new_func, field.domain, _skip_invariant=True)
+        new_field: FunctionField = FunctionField(new_func, field.domain)
         return new_field
     return _composed_function_field
 
diff --git a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/nd_array_field.py b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/nd_array_field.py
index dbe6d02c4f..bfee55249f 100644
--- a/src/gt4py/next/embedded/nd_array_field.py
+++ b/src/gt4py/next/embedded/nd_array_field.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 from gt4py._core import definitions as core_defs
 from gt4py.next import common
 from gt4py.next.embedded import common as embedded_common
-from gt4py.next.embedded.common import _broadcast_domain, _find_index_of_dim
+from gt4py.next.embedded.common import broadcast_domain, find_index_of_dim
 from gt4py.next.ffront import fbuiltins
 
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ def __setitem__(
 
 def _broadcast(field: common.Field, new_dimensions: tuple[common.Dimension, ...]) -> common.Field:
     domain_slice = _compute_domain_slice(field, new_dimensions)
-    named_ranges = _broadcast_domain(field, new_dimensions)
+    named_ranges = broadcast_domain(field, new_dimensions)
     ndarray_ = field.ndarray
 
     # handle case where we have a constant FunctionField where field.ndarray is a scalar
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ def _get_slices_from_domain_slice(
     slice_indices: list[slice | common.IntIndex] = []
 
     for pos_old, (dim, _) in enumerate(domain):
-        if (pos := embedded_common._find_index_of_dim(dim, domain_slice)) is not None:
+        if (pos := embedded_common.find_index_of_dim(dim, domain_slice)) is not None:
             index_or_range = domain_slice[pos][1]
             slice_indices.append(_compute_slice(index_or_range, domain, pos_old))
         else:
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ def _compute_domain_slice(
 ) -> Sequence[slice | None]:
     domain_slice: list[slice | None] = []
     for dim in new_dimensions:
-        if _find_index_of_dim(dim, field.domain) is not None:
+        if find_index_of_dim(dim, field.domain) is not None:
             domain_slice.append(slice(None))
         else:
             domain_slice.append(np.newaxis)
diff --git a/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_common.py b/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_common.py
index 3a4f5fd66b..6fc2337c16 100644
--- a/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_common.py
+++ b/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_common.py
@@ -143,27 +143,27 @@ def test_sub_domain(domain, index, expected):
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def finite_domain():
+def get_finite_domain():
     return common.Domain((I, UnitRange(-1, 3)), (J, UnitRange(2, 4)))
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def infinite_domain():
+def get_infinite_domain():
     return common.Domain((I, UnitRange.infinity()), (J, UnitRange.infinity()))
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
-def mixed_domain():
+def get_mixed_domain():
     return common.Domain((I, UnitRange(-1, 3)), (J, UnitRange.infinity()))
 
 
-def test_finite_domain_is_finite(finite_domain):
-    assert finite_domain.is_finite() == True
+def test_finite_domain_is_finite(get_finite_domain):
+    assert get_finite_domain.is_finite()
 
 
-def test_infinite_domain_is_finite(infinite_domain):
-    assert infinite_domain.is_finite() == False
+def test_infinite_domain_is_finite(get_infinite_domain):
+    assert not get_infinite_domain.is_finite()
 
 
-def test_mixed_domain_is_finite(mixed_domain):
-    assert mixed_domain.is_finite() == False
+def test_mixed_domain_is_finite(get_mixed_domain):
+    assert not get_mixed_domain.is_finite()
diff --git a/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_function_field.py b/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_function_field.py
index 4bae018bd2..85eff32a90 100644
--- a/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_function_field.py
+++ b/tests/next_tests/unit_tests/embedded_tests/test_function_field.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 from gt4py.next.embedded import exceptions as embedded_exceptions, function_field as funcf
 from gt4py.next import fbuiltins
 
-from .test_common import infinite_domain, mixed_domain
+from .test_common import get_infinite_domain, get_mixed_domain
 
 
 
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ def rfloordiv(x, y):
     operator.mul,
     operator.truediv,
     operator.floordiv,
-    lambda x, y: operator.truediv(y, x),
     operator.pow,
     lambda x, y: operator.truediv(y, x),  # Reverse true division
     lambda x, y: operator.add(y, x),  # Reverse addition
@@ -263,9 +262,6 @@ def test_function_field_unary(function_field):
     neg_result = -function_field
     assert neg_result.func(1, 2) == -3
 
-    invert_result = ~function_field
-    assert invert_result.func(1, 2) == -4
-
     abs_result = abs(function_field)
     assert abs_result.func(1, 2) == 3
 
@@ -293,8 +289,8 @@ def test_function_field_invalid_invariant(domain):
         funcf.FunctionField(lambda *args, x: x, domain)
 
 
-def test_function_field_infinite_range(infinite_domain, mixed_domain):
-    domains = [infinite_domain, mixed_domain]
+def test_function_field_infinite_range(get_infinite_domain, get_mixed_domain):
+    domains = [get_infinite_domain, get_mixed_domain]
     for d in domains:
         with pytest.raises(embedded_exceptions.InfiniteRangeNdarrayError):
             ff = funcf.FunctionField(adder, d)
@@ -314,14 +310,3 @@ def test_function_field_builtins(function_field, builtin_name):
         assert math.isnan(np.__getattribute__(builtin_name)(3))
     else:
         assert result == np.__getattribute__(builtin_name)(3)
-
-
-def test_ndarray_with_transform(function_field):
-    def transform_to_array(arr):
-        return array.array('d', arr.flatten())
-
-    result = function_field.as_array(func=transform_to_array)
-
-    assert isinstance(result, array.array)
-    assert len(result) == 45
-    assert result.typecode == 'd'