To follow along this tutorial and enter the commands step-by-step
- Type
node
in a terminal aftercd
into./code
for a Javascript prompt- Open the Bitcoin Core GUI console or use
bitcoin-cli
for the Bitcoin Core commands- Use
bx
akaLibbitcoin-explorer
as a handy complement
Let's create a 2 of 4 multi-signature with a legacy P2SH transaction.
Import libraries, test wallets and set the network
const bitcoin = require('bitcoinjs-lib')
const { alice, bob, carol, dave } = require('./wallets.json')
const network = bitcoin.networks.regtest
Prepare four key pairs.
const keyPairAlice0 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(alice[0].wif, network)
const keyPairBob0 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(bob[0].wif, network)
const keyPairCarol0 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(carol[0].wif, network)
const keyPairDave0 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(dave[0].wif, network)
And an other one for Alice that will redeem the multi-signature funds.
const keyPairAlice1 = bitcoin.ECPair.fromWIF(alice[1].wif, network)
const p2wpkhAlice1 = bitcoin.payments.p2wpkh({pubkey: keyPairAlice1.publicKey, network})
Create the locking script with the special p2ms
payment method.
const p2ms = bitcoin.payments.p2ms({
m: 2, pubkeys: [
keyPairAlice0.publicKey,
keyPairBob0.publicKey,
keyPairCarol0.publicKey,
keyPairDave0.publicKey], network})
Check the locking script.
$ decodescript [p2ms.output.toString('hex')]
"2 03745c9aceb84dcdeddf2c3cdc1edb0b0b5af2f9bf85612d73fa6394758eaee35d 027efbabf425077cdbceb73f6681c7ebe2ade74a65ea57ebcf0c42364d3822c590 023a11cfcedb993ff2e7523f92e359c4454072a66d42e8b74b4b27a8a1258abddd 02e9d617f38f8c3ab9a6bde36ce991bafb295d7adba457699f8620c8160ec9e87a 4 OP_CHECKMULTISIG"
Feed the p2sh
method with the special BitcoinJS p2ms
object.
The p2sh
method generates an object that contains the P2SH address.
const p2sh = bitcoin.payments.p2sh({redeem: p2ms, network})
Send 1 BTC to this P2SH address.
$ sendtoaddress 2NAjnUkVxAv34bnfpC1edhW5qstF2QHSUk5 1
Get the output index so that we have the outpoint (txid / vout).
Find the output index (or vout) under
details > vout
.
$ gettransaction "txid"
Now let's prepare the spending transaction by setting input and output and having two people (private keys) to sign the transaction. Here Alice_0 ad Bob_0 will redeem the P2SH multi-signature and send the funds to Alice_1 P2WPKH address.
Create a BitcoinJS transaction builder object.
const txb = new bitcoin.TransactionBuilder(network)
Create the input by referencing the outpoint of our P2SH funding transaction. Create the output that will send the funds to Alice_1 P2WPKH address, leaving 100 000 satoshis as mining fees.
txb.addInput('TX_ID', TX_VOUT)
txb.addOutput(p2wpkhAlice1.address, 999e5)
Alice_0 and Bob_0 now sign the transaction.
Note that we need to provide the locking script as redeemScript third parameter of the sign
method.
// txb.sign(index, keyPair, redeemScript, sign.hashType, value, witnessScript)
txb.sign(0, keyPairAlice0, p2sh.redeem.output)
txb.sign(0, keyPairBob0, p2sh.redeem.output)
Build the transaction and get the raw hex serialization.
const tx = txb.build()
console.log('tx.toHex() ', tx.toHex())
Inspect the raw transaction with Bitcoin Core CLI, check that everything is correct.
$ decoderawtransaction "hexstring"
It's time to broadcast the transaction via Bitcoin Core CLI.
$ sendrawtransaction "hexstring"
Inspect the transaction.
$ getrawtransaction "txid" true
We can see that the unlocking script contains
- a useless but mandatory
00
value due to a bug inOP_CHECKMULTISIG
- Alice_0 and Bob_0 signatures
- and our redeem script
Continue "PART THREE: PAY TO SCRIPT HASH" with 8.2: Multi-signature Native Segwit 2 of 4.