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<title>Operationalizing a national protocol for digital point counts</title>
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<div id="home" class="section level1 unnumbered">
<h1 class="unnumbered">Home</h1>
<p>Placeholder</p>
<div id="the-basics" class="section level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered">The Basics</h2>
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<div id="download-cheat-sheets" class="section level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered">Download cheat sheets</h2>
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<div id="frequently-asked-questions" class="section level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered">Frequently Asked Questions</h2>
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<div id="acknowledgements" class="section level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered">Acknowledgements</h2>
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<div id="book-legend" class="section level2 unnumbered">
<h2 class="unnumbered">Book Legend</h2>
<!--chapter:end:index.Rmd-->
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<div id="introduction" class="section level1" number="1">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">1</span> Introduction</h1>
<p>Placeholder</p>
<div id="overview-and-scope" class="section level2" number="1.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">1.1</span> Overview and Scope</h2>
</div>
<div id="single-visits-versus-multi-day-deployments" class="section level2" number="1.2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">1.2</span> Single-visits versus multi-day deployments</h2>
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<div id="canavian" class="section level2" number="1.3">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">1.3</span> CanAvian</h2>
<!--chapter:end:01-introduction.Rmd-->
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<div id="methods" class="section level1" number="2">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">2</span> Methods</h1>
<p>Placeholder</p>
<div id="selecting-a-recorder" class="section level2" number="2.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.1</span> Selecting a recorder</h2>
<div id="general-equipment-care" class="section level3" number="2.1.1">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.1.1</span> General equipment care</h3>
</div>
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<div id="equipment-and-settings-preparation" class="section level2" number="2.2">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.2</span> Equipment and settings preparation</h2>
<div id="h2n-equipment-setup" class="section level3" number="2.2.1">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.2.1</span> H2N equipment setup</h3>
<div id="h2n-settings" class="section level4" number="2.2.1.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.1.1</span> H2N Settings</h4>
<div id="setting-the-date-and-time" class="section level5 unnumbered">
<h5 class="unnumbered">Setting the date and time</h5>
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<div id="defaulting-to-date-and-time-file-names" class="section level5 unnumbered">
<h5 class="unnumbered">Defaulting to date and time file names</h5>
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<div id="audio-settings" class="section level5 unnumbered">
<h5 class="unnumbered">Audio settings</h5>
</div>
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</div>
<div id="sm4-equipment-setup" class="section level3" number="2.2.2">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.2.2</span> SM4 equipment setup</h3>
<div id="sm4-settings" class="section level4" number="2.2.2.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.2.1</span> SM4 Settings</h4>
<div id="activating-the-sm4" class="section level5 unnumbered">
<h5 class="unnumbered">Activating the SM4</h5>
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<div id="troubleshooting-the-sm4" class="section level4 unnumbered">
<h4 class="unnumbered">Troubleshooting the SM4</h4>
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<div id="sm-mini-equipment-setup" class="section level3" number="2.2.3">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.2.3</span> SM Mini equipment setup</h3>
<div id="required-equipment" class="section level4" number="2.2.3.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.3.1</span> Required equipment</h4>
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<div id="settings" class="section level4" number="2.2.3.2">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.3.2</span> Settings</h4>
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<div id="sm-micro-equipment-setup" class="section level3" number="2.2.4">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.2.4</span> SM Micro equipment setup</h3>
<div id="required-equipment-1" class="section level4" number="2.2.4.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.4.1</span> Required equipment</h4>
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<div id="settings-1" class="section level4" number="2.2.4.2">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.4.2</span> Settings</h4>
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<div id="bar-lt-equipment-setup" class="section level3" number="2.2.5">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.2.5</span> BAR-LT equipment setup</h3>
<div id="required-equipment-2" class="section level4" number="2.2.5.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.5.1</span> Required equipment</h4>
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<div id="settings-2" class="section level4" number="2.2.5.2">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.2.5.2</span> Settings</h4>
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<div id="conducting-the-survey" class="section level2" number="2.3">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.3</span> Conducting the survey</h2>
<div id="segmented-recording" class="section level3" number="2.3.1">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1</span> Segmented recording</h3>
<div id="h2n-segmented-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.1.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1.1</span> H2N segmented survey deployment</h4>
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<div id="sm4-segmented-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.1.2">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1.2</span> SM4 segmented survey deployment</h4>
</div>
<div id="sm-mini-segmented-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.1.3">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1.3</span> SM Mini segmented survey deployment</h4>
</div>
<div id="sm-micro-segmented-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.1.4">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1.4</span> SM Micro segmented survey deployment</h4>
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<div id="bar-lt-segmented-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.1.5">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.1.5</span> BAR-LT segmented survey deployment</h4>
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<div id="continuous-recording" class="section level3" number="2.3.2">
<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.3.2</span> Continuous recording</h3>
<div id="sm4-continuous-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.2.1">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.2.1</span> SM4 continuous survey deployment</h4>
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<div id="bar-lt-continuous-survey-deployment" class="section level4" number="2.3.2.2">
<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.3.2.2</span> BAR-LT continuous survey deployment</h4>
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<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.3.3</span> Survey length adjustment</h3>
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<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.3.4</span> Wet weather</h3>
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<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.4</span> Metadata</h2>
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<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.4.1</span> Locations</h3>
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<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.4.2</span> Voice notes</h3>
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<h4><span class="header-section-number">2.4.2.1</span> Speech-to-text</h4>
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<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.4.3</span> Data accumulation</h3>
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<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.5</span> Data submission</h2>
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<h3><span class="header-section-number">2.5.1</span> Metadata confirmation</h3>
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<div id="data-processing-in-wildtrax" class="section level2" number="2.6">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.6</span> Data processing in WildTrax</h2>
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<div id="data-publication" class="section level2" number="2.7">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">2.7</span> Data publication</h2>
<!--chapter:end:02-methods.Rmd-->
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<div id="discussion" class="section level1" number="3">
<h1><span class="header-section-number">3</span> Discussion</h1>
<p>The protocol outlined above provides a standardized method for conducting digital avian point counts using ARUs or handheld recording devices. By integrating acoustic technology with traditional point count surveys, this protocol has the potential to significantly augment the data quality and integrity of avian monitoring programs in Canada. Some considerations for further improvement and review of this protocol are:</p>
<ul>
<li>Validation of the effectiveness of ARUs in detecting bird species compared to human observers. It would be beneficial to conduct validation studies to compare the accuracy and reliability of ARUs with human observers in detecting bird species during point count surveys. This could help establish the confidence level in using ARUs as a reliable method for data collection.</li>
<li>Standardization of data processing and analysis methods. As the use of ARUs for avian monitoring is a relatively new approach, there may be variations in data processing and analysis methods among different research groups or monitoring programs. It would be useful to establish standardized methods for processing and analyzing acoustic data, including the use of speech-to-text recognizers, to ensure consistency and comparability of results across different studies or programs.</li>
<li>Training and capacity-building for citizen scientists. The use of ARUs in avian monitoring has the potential to involve citizen scientists in data collection efforts, but it may also require training and capacity-building to ensure accurate data collection and recording. Providing resources, training materials, and support for citizen scientists who participate in digital avian point counts could help improve the quality and reliability of the data collected.</li>
<li>Regular updates and improvements to equipment and technology. As technology evolves, there may be new advancements in ARUs or other recording devices that could improve the quality and efficiency of data collection. Regular updates and improvements to equipment and technology should be considered to ensure that the most current and effective tools are being used for avian monitoring efforts.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<div id="conclusion" class="section level2" number="3.1">
<h2><span class="header-section-number">3.1</span> Conclusion</h2>
<p>The protocol for conducting digital avian point counts using ARUs or handheld recording devices outlined in this document provides a standardized method for integrating acoustic technology with traditional point count surveys for avian monitoring in Canada. By following this protocol, data quality and integrity can be augmented, and the accessibility of avian monitoring to citizen scientists can be improved. However, further validation, standardization, training, and updates to technology should be considered for continuous improvement of the protocol.</p>
<!--chapter:end:03-discussion.Rmd-->
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<div id="additional-resources" class="section level1 unnumbered">
<h1 class="unnumbered">Additional resources</h1>
<div id="references" class="section level3 unnumbered">
<h3 class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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<p>"<strong>Operationalizing a national protocol for digital point counts</strong>" was written by Alexander G. MacPhail. It was last built on 04 August, 2023.</p>
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